Where: Germany/ holy roman empire

When: 1517- 1546

Why: Because the catholic church was corrupt

Who: Martin Luther

the spanish amarada was a long time coming given the bad blood betwwen england and spain (catherine of aragon drama) and that englan was a newly prodastant country. At the time the spanish navy was essteemed and feared across europe. unfortunaly on their way the spanish hit a series of storms giving england not only time to prepare for the the incoming threat but giving them a beat down apponant. england reigned victourios in the end after not a season of fighting. this war also strenghtned england's image of queen elizabeth with her famous speech and display that se was with the soldiers through and through.

1. 
   That explains the causes of the Reformation and uses terms from your study guide. 
2. 
   Includes a summary of how Protestantism affected the religious and political landscape of Europe in the 16th Century – at least one developed paragraph that is clearly marked in your essay. 

Compared with the Thirty Years War, the Britain under Charles I enjoyed relative peace and economic prosperity during the 1630s. However, by the later 1630s, Charles’s regime had become unpopular across a broad front throughout his kingdoms. During the period of his so-called Personal Rule, known by his enemies as the “Eleven-Year Tyranny” because he had dissolved Parliament and ruled by decree, Charles had resorted to dubious fiscal expedients.

The war started in 1642, when Charles raised an army to oppose a revolt in Ireland against Parliament's wishes. But the period of conflict actually began earlier in Scotland, with the Bishops' war of 1639–40, and in Ireland, with the Ulster rebellion of 1641. While the wars ravaged in England, it also affected the territories that the Stuarts held overseas. The war ended in 1646 with Charles losing, and Parliament getting reinstated. However, there were two more civil wars from 1648 to 1651, this time ending in Charles getting his head cut off, and Cromwell becoming leader. However, he didn't last very long and Charles II became king.

1618 - Future HRE Ferdinand II, currently king of Bohemia, tries to impose Catholic absolutism. Because of this, nobles in both Bohemia and Austria rose up in rebellion. Ferdinand won after a five year struggle.

1625 - King Christian IV of Denmark saw an opportunity to gain valuable territory in Germany to balance his earlier loss of Baltic provinces to Sweden. Christian’s defeat finished Denmark as a European power, but Sweden’s Gustav II Adolf, having ended a four-year war with Poland, invaded Germany and won many German princes to his anti-Roman Catholic, anti-imperial cause.

Late 1620s - Poland, having been drawn in as a Baltic power, pushed its own ambitions by attacking Russia and establishing a dictatorship in Moscow. The Russo-Polish Peace of Polyanov in 1634 ended Poland’s claim to the tsarist throne but freed Poland to resume hostilities against its Baltic archenemy, Sweden, which was now deeply embroiled in Germany.

Mid 1630s - Three forces were vying for power in central Europe during this time: Holy Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists. Overall, the struggle was between the HRE, which was Roman Catholic and Habsburg, and a network of Protestant towns and principalities that relied on the chief anti-Catholic powers of Sweden and the Netherlands, which had at last thrown off Spain after a struggle lasting 80 years.

1648 - When the contending powers finally met in the German province of Westphalia to end the bloodshed, the power dynamic in Europe had been radically changed. Spain had lost not only the Netherlands but its dominant position in western Europe. France was now the chief Western power. Sweden had control of the Baltic. The Netherlands was recognized as an independent republic. The member states of the Holy Roman Empire were granted full independence. The ancient notion of a Roman Catholic empire of Europe, headed spiritually by a pope and temporally by an emperor, was permanently abandoned, and the essential structure of modern Europe as a community of sovereign states was established.