Chapter Two by Kelly May https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks sections 1 and 2 en-us 2017-09-10 18:08:52 UTC 2025-11-01 22:27:41 UTC hello@padlet.com Limited Government kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186363806
  • when colonists settled in North America, the idea of limited government was accepted in England. 
  • English nobles forced the king to sign the Magna Carta.
  • As the time passed the English people came to regard the Magna Carta as a guarantee of limited government.
    • ]]>     2017-09-11 13:42:34 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186363806     English Bill of Rights kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186363846
    • After signing the Magna Carta, power struggles between the monarchy and Parliament lasted for more than 400 years. 
    • In 1688 Parliament removed King James II from the throne with little resistance. 
    • In 1689 Parliament passed the English Bill of Rights, which set clear limits on the monarchy. It said:
      • no absolute rule but rule through reps
      • Monarchs must have Parliament’s consent to suspend laws, levy taxes, or maintain an army;
      • Monarchs cannot interfere with parliamentary elections and debates;
      • right to petition the government and fair trial with jury
      • no cruel or unusual punishment
    • The colonists believed the document applied to them and that they had the same rights as people living in Britain.

    ]]>     2017-09-11 13:42:38 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186363846     English Law kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186364005
  • The English system of law had a major influence in the colonies through the work of Sir William Blackstone. 
  • Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England (1766) helped make sense of English common law and was widely followed by the Founders.
    • ]]>     2017-09-11 13:42:53 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186364005     Representative Government kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186364068
  • The colonists firmly believed in representative government. 
  • similar to Britain's system in which their Parliament has chambers
    • ]]>     2017-09-11 13:42:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186364068     New Political Ideas kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186364240
  • During the late 1600s and 1700s, Europe experienced the Enlightenment. 
  • During the Enlightenment, Europeans challenged the rule of leaders who claimed to have power because of religion and began to consider different ideas about what makes government legitimate.
  • Philosopher Thomas Hobbes thought that people create a society by entering into a social contract. 
  • According to his theory, people need government to maintain order 
  • In his theory, people give up their individual sovereignty to the government in exchange for the government providing order. 
  • John Locke thought that people have “natural rights,” those rights people have simply because they are human beings. 
  • Those rights were the right to life, liberty, and property. 

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  • Each of the thirteen colonies had its own government consisting of a governor , a legislature, and a court system. 
  • Nine of the thirteen colonies had an established church
  • The Mayflower Compact that the Pilgrims signed was the first of many colonial plans for self-government
    • ]]>     2017-09-11 14:28:23 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186390230     Britain Tightens Control kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186392268
  • The French and Indian War and the crowning of King George III changed the relationship between the colonies and Britain
  • The French and Indian War started from land dispute over land in now western Pennsylvania and Ohio. 
  • George Washington led British troops and fought against the many Native Americans who sided with the French. 
  • Great Britain won the war in 1763 and gained complete control of the eastern third of the continent
  • Britain was left with a huge debt and made the colonists pay through taxes
    • ]]>     2017-09-11 14:32:36 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186392268     Colonial Unity kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186392338
  • The rough British treatment led to the colonists growing a large sense of community that never occurred before.
  • By the 1760s most colonists thought of themselves as Americans united by their hostility toward British authority.
    • ]]>     2017-09-11 14:32:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186392338     Taking Action kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186392364
  • In 1765 nine colonies sent delegates to a meeting in which they sent a petition to the king about taxation without representation.
  • By 1773, colonists formed groups called committees of correspondence to keep in touch. 
    • ]]>     2017-09-11 14:32:49 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186392364     The First Continental Congress kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186392432
    • On September 5, 1774, delegates from most colonies met to form the First Continental Congress.
    • Their main objective was to decide what to do about the relationship with Great Britain.
    • They finally agreed on an embargo on Britain and agreed to boycott British goods. 
    • The King and British Parliament responded by quickly making situations even more harsh.
    • April 19, 1775 at Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts, the first encounter began the Revolutionary War.

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  • Within three weeks, representatives from all thirteen colonies met in Philadelphia for the Second Continental Congress.
  • They assumed the powers of a central government and chose John Hancock as president. 
  • They put together an army and navy, made plans to issue money, and appointed George Washington as commander of the Continental Army.

    • ]]>     2017-09-11 14:33:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186392471     Declaring Independence kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186392512
  •  Thomas Paine fought for independence and influenced many colonists with his  pamphlet Common Sense.
  • Samuel Adams of Boston also influenced many colonists with his essays, letters, and articles on the struggle with the British. 
  • Richard Henry Lee of Virginia introduced a resolution in the Continental Congress.
  • The Congress approved Lee’s resolution on July 2 and the colonies officially broke up with Great Britain.
  • The Congress named a committee of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman to prepare a written declaration of independence.

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  • In the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson used naturalist ideas to  explain the colonists’ need for freedom. 
  • It explained why they were angry with the British and why they felt freedom was needed. 
  • The first paragraph, or Preamble, describes the source of the basic rights Americans enjoy.
  • The second section is a statement of purpose and basic human rights. 
  • The third section of the Declaration lists specific complaints or grievances against the King.
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  • One of the most important changes was the transformation of the colonies into states.
  • 10 states had adopted written constitutions. 
  • Most of the new state constitutions contained a bill of rights defining citizens’ personal liberties.
    • ]]>     2017-09-11 14:33:24 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186392652     Taxing the Colonies kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186395502
  • To help pay for the war, the king and his ministers levied taxes on tea, sugar, glass, paper, and other products. 
  • The Stamp Act of 1765  required them to pay a tax on legal documents, pamphlets, newspapers, and even dice and playing cards
  • Britain’s revenue from the colonies increased which led to colonists growing more anger for Britain and political protests began to spread throughout the colonies.
  • The protests worked but the British passed other laws to replace it.
  • In response the colonists threw the Boston Tea Party.

    • ]]>     2017-09-11 14:38:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/8htspn1appks/wish/186395502