1. Students should feel safe --> No cyberbullying & able to make mistakes without judgement.

2. Students are heard --> Balancing positive interactions with lessons is vital to the emotional well-being.

3. Netiquette -->

   Students and teachers are aware of the proper etiquette and respectfully partake in turn-taking.

Without positive classroom culture, DI is ineffective. Achieved when:

1. Students needs are met

2. Students are comfortable and respected for their different abilities

3. Students are not 'abandoned'

   1. Every student wants and can learn

4. Students don't feel 'less' or 'more' than the others in terms of knowledge and abilities.

• Giving every student a voice, letting them know that they are also part of the class. There may be students who are extra quiet and we want to make sure that EVERY student is interested and engaged. Especially when it is online, we have to make sure to retain students' attention.

• Expectations should be set to ensure a productive and conducive learning environment. Make sure that students are aware of what not to do online.

For DI to succeed:

• All students must learn to interact well with one another because everyone is different.

• Teachers must understand their students very well to be able to meet their specific needs.

1. When does this behaviour happen and when does it not?

2. What happens before and after the behaviour?

3. Are there any factors that leads to the behaviour outside of the student’s control or within?

4. What alternative behaviour would be more acceptable instead?

5. Is my intervention fair, reasonable, effective and timely?

6. Do my students understand the rationale behind my intervention?

When helping students with defiance disorders, we have to offer them choices, safe spaces and positive reinforcement.

It is important to establish a positive class room culture in both physical classrooms and in an HBL environment.

• Setting expectations and routines is essential.

• A safe and non-judgmental learning environment is required.

• Establishing good rapport with students is important.

• Students should feel empowered to be active learners.

DI promotes deeper engagement between students and us, teachers as we cater to their different learning needs and styles.

- Less direct reach and connection with the students as it’s over a screen and virtual meeting platform

- Potential issues involving cyber wellness like cyber bullying, netiquette, accessing of inappropriate online media/resources etc.

to ensure:

- Effective engagement of students

- Smooth execution of lesson during the synchronous/asynchronous session and follow-up activities to assess learning post lesson

For DI to succeed in a HBL environment:

- Flexible groupings for breakout discussions that allow students opportunity to work with a variety of peers according to their readiness, interests and learning preferences

- Fostering a culture of care, respect and empathy for each other, e.g., agree to disagree, what’s discussed here stays in the circle etc.

- Varied forms of activities during and post lesson to allow for different abilities to respond at their own pace and appropriate level

You need students to be comfortable with opening up, voicing out, and actively participating in your lessons, so that you can track their learning progress and adjust strategies accordingly to best facilitate their learning.

Differentiated instruction would just be an enormous white elephant in the room if all of your students are just looking blankly at the screen.

1. Despite the absence of face-to-face interactions in a HBL environment, we want our students to feel valued and supported while learning.

2. Clear rules and expectations will help to maintain a positive learning environment. Teacher could model proper use of technology to reinforce behaviour expectations.

(B) Establishing positive classroom culture for DI to succeed:

1. Creating a safe environment where students feel comfortable expressing themselves so that students can be confident and vulnerable without negative consequences.

2. Students can learn from each other by working together.

-          Setting clear expectations and norms for online behaviour to create a safe online environment.  

-          Designing engaging and interactive learning experiences that empower students to keep them engaged.

Positive Classroom Culture & DI:

-          Understanding students well, beyond their academic strength, such as how they interact with each other in class to effectively group students such that every one feels safe and comfortable.

-         Setting rules and expectations to guide students to respect others’ views and opinions.

1. Ensure students have the necessary ICT tools required (Physiological needs)

   • Check that they have the laptops / computers at home to access HBL sites (SLS, etc)

   • Have required homework (paper as alternative if doesn’t have access to ICT)

2. Students feel safe (Safety)

   • Students should be in a safe environment even at home

   • Set rules and expectations to prevent cyberbullying

3. Students’ voice to be heard

   • Give chance to share their opinions

   • Be patient to give slower students time to process before answering

   • Students must respect each other by turn-taking

For DI to succeed, we need to know our students’ strengths and weaknesses, meaning we need to get to know them through interaction. In the process, we will build stronger TSR and have better rapport with them. Students will be empowered and motivated to learn at their own pace.

Importance of positive classroom culture in HBL context:

-          Motivates students to want to be with their class and their teacher online

-          Encourages students to bring positive culture from their experiences in class to the HBL environment

Importance of positive classroom culture for Di to succeed:

-          It allows for teachers to be more attentive and care for each individual student’s needs, so as to deliver the appropriate form of DI

-          It allows for the students who require DI to have more rapport with the teacher, and follow the teacher’s lead and accepting the DI

• Making sure that every student is heard

• Ensuring that learning is not compromised by a lack of physical presence and a change in environment

• Demonstrates to students the right netiquette that can be applied outside of class

For DI:

• Helps students engage with learning meaningfully

• Adaptable to each student's learning abilities, preferences and needs --> Reinforces to student that your class is a safe environment for learning and self-exploration to take place

• Set clear rules and routines for online behaviours. This would help to create a safer, more positive and conducive learning environment for the students.

• Have a clear plan of the sequence of instructions and learning activities. This allows for teacher-student relationships (TSR) and student-student relationships.

Establishing positive classroom culture for DI to succeed:

• As teachers, we need to be able to interact with our students by building rapport and deepening TSR with them.

• Teachers can also help students get motivated and engage meaningfully with what they are learning.

1. to avoid potential issues involving cyberwellness such as cyber bullying, accessing of inappropriate online media/resources and etc

2. similar to physical classroom environment, we want to make the learning environment for students a conducive and and safe one so that they can learn and grow

Establishing positive classroom culture for DI to succeed

1. engage students in meaningful learning suited to their needs

2. teachers would need to know their students' interest, strengths and weaknesses (profile) very well

3. Proper planning has to be done before the lesson

• A good structure needs to be in place so that students are aware of the expectations of the lesson.

• Students need to be kept engaged (Either through questioning, participation, etc.)

• Learning needs to be monitored to ensure understanding of the topic being taught.

• Clear instructions should be given at the end, preferably visually and verbally, on any deadlines or homework that they need to get done, and what to prepare for the next lesson.

For DI to succeed:

• A positive classroom culture where their social emotional needs are supported is essential.

• Learning opportunities should be varied and has to cater to their readiness, interest and learning needs.