First, horses can communicate with facial expressions. It says in paragraph 3 that "..until just a squinty-eyed look from a boss can get a lower-ranked animal to move away." This shows us how they can communicate with their expressions. But they can also understand human moods by looking at their face, too.

Research shown in paragraph 5 says that "They showed horses photos of people with angry or happy faces. Horses turned their heads to view angry expressions with their left eyes. Dogs also tend to look at angry faces this way. The horse's heartbeats sped up while viewing angry faces." This evidence shows that horses react similarily to how dogs react to certain expressions. Scientists have already learned that dogs are great at communicating, so the similar reactions could correlate. The horses' heart rate speeding up also tells us that they can understand the emotion of a person's face.

The next study tells us that horses can use these skills to further communicate with humans. The text in paragraph 8 says that "A human stood passively nearby, Researchers observed horses looking at the bucket, then at the human, then at the bucket." This evidence shows us another way that horses can communicate.

By using their ability to understand a human's mood, the passive human was not a threat to the horse. Because of this, horse tries to get the human to help them get the bucket of food by using body language, such as looking at the bucket to try to divert their attention, and if that didn't work, then they would even go and touch them.

In fact, horses can use even more than body language. Scientists trained the horses with abstract symbols that meant different things.

In paragraph 13, it says "Next, the horses were given a challenge—a heavy blanket on a warm day or no blanket on a cold day. When presented with the three symbols, all horses chose appropriately, asking to have a blanket taken off on a warm day, or put on when it was cold and rainy." This shows us that teaching the symbols to the horses led them to be able to communicate their needs. On a warm day, all the horses were able to communicate to the humans that they wanted the blanket to be taken off.

In conclusion, the new research taught us that horses were great at communicating. They can understand expressions, use body language, and even learn symbols to communicate.

The main way of communication of a horse is through they're facial expressions, They use their mouth to show their teeth if their angry and while seeing pictures of other animals using angry facial expressions their heartbeat speeds up. Researchers show that horses have appeared to accurately read human emotions by just looking at them or a picture! Horses use their facial expressions for everything, such as scaring off a predator with just a squinted eye, jerk their nose to signal "that foods mine.", or change in position to scare a human off for its food. And if you think thats crazy, horses actually have 17 more different facial expressions, which is more than dogs or chimpanzees! Some horse expressions are more similar to humans then you'd imagine. For over 5,500 years humans have just told the horse to do what they say not really knowing if they understood them or not, now we're able to study the horse communication and find out how alike and observant they really are just like humans. In paragraph 4 it says "For instance, both horses and humans raise the skin above their eyes when experiencing negative emotions." Now that we've studied the facial expressions horses make to communiacte with us, lets go more into detail about how horses read humans emotions.

Horse people have always known that horses are good at reading our moods, but no one really went into study about it. Now that we have, we've figured out they're using vision, one of the same five senses we do---sort of. Horses actually see very different then we do; Their large eyes magnify objects so they seem up to 50 percent larger than they do to us. This indicates why horses are way more observant that really any other animal, they dont just see a human face they see the emotion and intentions behind it. Horses dont only respond accurately to humans, they also do it for their food. Food is every living creatures main priorty, so if a horse ditects an animal or a human as a threat to their food they use their facial expressions to try and scare them off. Not only can horses react to controversial things a decide and emotion to feel about it just like humans do, they also can communicate using symbols. A 2016 Norwegian study showed that each shape placed meant an action for the horse to pick from. As it states in paragraph 12 "Horses were trained to distinguish among simple shapes prsesnted on boards." each horse learned the symbols within 14 days!

In conclusion Its better not not underestimate anyone or any animal, because do we really know what they're cabaple of? Horses have many ways of communication, the new research humans started on horses not only changed human minds on what aniamls limits of communiacton are, but also the animal mind on what they can do. This artical really shows how much research and study can help you know more about an animal you probably knew nothing about before!

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      Horses can learn to use symbols to communicate, which is stated in paragraph's 10-13. The horses learned what different abstract symbols meant. A vertical bar meant  "take off the blanket", a horizontal bar meant "put the blanket on", and a blank board meant "no change".They trained the horses to signal if it wants a blanket on or not, which all of the 23 horses learned within 14 days. This research shows that horses can learn how to read and understand what symbols mean and use them to get what they want.

      Another way horses communicate is with  facial expressions. In paragraph 3, the author says that horses establish a "pecking order" by making threats to other animals, which could be just a squint in the eye. This shows us how they communicating with other animals with just an expression or body language,  Researchers at the University of Sussex can prove this by recognizing that horses have 17 identified facial expressions that they use. Along with their facial expressions, they can also recognize a humans facial expressions. In paragraph 5, it is said that in the test, they showed the horses a picture of a happy person and then a mad one. It is said that the horses left eye turned to see the angry face and its heartbeat sped up when looking at the picture, but when looking at the happy persons picture, there was no sped up heart rate in response to the photo.

      In the end, horses have lots of different ways of communicating to us, and each other which new research as shown us, whether it's a squint in the eye, or pointing to a symbol to say what they want.

Paragraph 3 says, "The longer the horses have known each other, the more subtle the threats become, until just a squinty-eyed look from a boss can get a lower-ranked animal to move away." This sentence shows how horses are able to make facial expressions similar to humans to communicate with others. It also states in the paragraph "Research at the University of Sussex in England has identified 17 different facial expressions in horses. That's more than dogs or chimpanzees." These sentences give more information on how horses are able to communicate through facial expressions.

Although, horses don't only communicate through facial expressions in paragraph 10 "Horses can use more than body language to tell us things. A 2016 Norwegian study showed that horses can use abstract symbols to communicate. Basically, they can read." This shows that horses are able to make type of language with the symbols to talk to the scientist. It shows in paragraph 12 "A vertical bar meant "Take my blanket off". A horizontal bar meant "Put my blanket on." This explains further how the horses were able to basically talk to the scientist for commands.

In conclusion, horses are able to communicate with humans similarly with how humans communicate. With the research showing the horses communicating through facial expressions, body language, and abstract symbols it shows us that horses are very smart and possibly be able to communicate with us through more ways in the future.

studies have been limited on showing what horses can do.A text called "say What, Horse?" shows research that horses are smart enough to communicate with humans in many ways. For example in paragraph ten of the text it says " A 2016 Norwegian study showed horses cab use abstract symbols to communicate". And in paragraph twelve of the text it says that horses can be trained to communicate using a metal bar. For example if the metal bar was horizontal the horse wanted its blanket off, and if the bar was vertical the horse wanted their blanket on.

Another way horses show that they are very smart is their ability to read human emotions.In paragraph five it shows evidence that horses can read emotions, the text says " When a picture of a angry person was shown to the horse its head tilted and heart rate went up but when shown a picture of a happy person there head did not tilt and heart rate stayed the same". 

Horses are very smart animals so if there is more research who knows what else it will show about what they can do.

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First, one main way of communicantion of a horse is through facial expressions. They use facial expressions by identifying when you make a angry face or a sad face. One research about how horses communicate was a research at the Univeristy of Sussex in England. This research has identified seventeen different facial expressions from horses. In fact, horses expressions are similar to humans expressions. Horses also have more facial expressions than dogs and chimpanzees. Horses are also known to reading our moods. They use their vision, just like us! But horses see differently then we do. They have large eyes that magnify objects so that the objects seem more larger to them than us. They are also very sensitive to any kind of movment and interpret it as a threat. According to the text, "A little twitch of a frown on a human face may seem like a great big scary scowl to horses." This shows on how highly attuned to motion horses are.

Then, horses can also use more than body language to communicate to us. Horses can communicate to us through reading. In 2016 a study called Norwegian showed that horses can use abstract symbols to communicate. According to the text, "Horses were trained by using treats to distinguish among simple shapes presented on board. A vertical bar meant "Take my blanket off". A horizontal bar meant "Put my blanket on." and a blank boeard meant "No change."" This shows that horses were systematically trained, to touch the appropriate white board. Another example is when the horses were given a challenge to either use a heavy blanket on a warm day or no blanket on a cold and rainy day. They had presented three symbols and all the horses had to do was choose the appropriate symbol on which day they wanted to use the blanket.

In conclusion, horses are very observant and can feel when you are angry, sad, or happy. They have also been trying to tell us stuff, which we have never really noticed. But, now that we have started to create ways for them to communicate to us, we are more capable of understanding them now.

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                       In the article" Say, What, Horse"  researchers identify different ways that horses communicate, one of there study's show that Horses are highly visual animals it also shows that horses can make over 17 different facial expressions more than a dog (16) or chimpanzees (14). Study's also show that some horses even have expressions similar to those of a human, for instance, both horses and humans rase skin above their eyes when experiencing negative emotions.

Next researchers wondered if horses would recognize human facial expressions. So they showed horses photos of people with angry and or happy faces. Horses looked at the photo of the angry face with their left eye "dogs also tend to do the same thing" and while viewing the angry face there heart beat sped up. Happy expressions didn't prompt a head turn or speed up in heart rate. Researchers have attributed to a kind of sixth sense. Turns out they're using vision, one of the five senses we do.

Horses can use more than body language to speak to us. A 2016 Norwegian study showed that horses can use abstract symbols to communicate to us. Horses were trained to distinguished among simple shapes presented on boards. A  vertical bar meant " Take my blanket off". A horizontal bar meant " Put my blanket back on". And a blank board meant "no change". The horses were systematically trained, using positive reinforcement.

Last researcher will always be finding out ways to talk to our animal horses.

"Horses are highly visual animals". Research shows that 17 different facial expressions have been in by horses. That is more than dogs and chimpanzees which are also highly intelligent animal.Furthermore, scientist showed horses pictures of people with mad and joyful expressions. The horses turned their heads to look and the mad expressions with their left eyes. Their heartbeats sped up while looking at the angry faces as well.

"Horses can use more then body language to tell us things". A study shows that scientists showed that horses can use abstract symbols to communicate with us. Pretty much stating that horses can read! They used simple shapes presented on boards. A vertical bar meant to "Take my blanket off". To "Put my blanket on" as a horizontal bar. And a blank bar meant to not change everything. 23 horses were trained using treats to touch the correct board and all 23 horses learned the symbols within 14 days. After they had learned the symbols they were given a challenge. "A heavy blanket on a warm day or no blanket on a cold day". After they were presented the symbols every single horse choose correctly! They asked to have the blanket off on a warm day and to put it on when it was cold and rainy.

Horses have been trying to communicate with us for thousands of years and we pretty much ignored them for the longest time. Now that we've realized they're potential we have began creating more ways for them to communicate!

    First, lets talk about how horses can understand us by our facial expressions. The University of Sussex in England has conducted a lot of research to help us learn more about horses' understanding of humans. In paragraph 5, "They showed horses photos of people with angry or happy faces. The horses' heartbeats sped up while viewing angry faces. Smiling didn't prompt either a head turn or a change in heart rate." This shows that horses understand and can read our facial expressions, which lead to horses understanding our emotions.

    Horses communicate with us using these skills. In paragraph 8, "Researchers based at the School for Ethical Equitation in Italy created an experiment in which they placed a bucket of oats, carrots, or apples beyond the reach of a horse. A human stood passively nearby. Researchers observed the horses looking at the bucket, then at the human, then back to the bucket." They also explained how the horse tried to grab the humans attention by nodding its head, or changing position so it can make eye contact.

    Another way horses can understand and communicate with us is by using abstract symbols. In paragraph 12, "Horses were trained to distinguish among simple shapes presented on boards. A vertical bar meant "Take my blanket off". A horizontal bar meant "Put my blanket on." And a blank board meant "No change." All 23 horses in the study learned the symbols within 14 days." And in paragraph 13, "When presented with three symbols, all horses chose appropriately, asking to have a blanket taken off on a warm day, or put on when it was cold and rainy." This shows horses can easily learn symbols to communicate with humans.

    In conclusion, research has revealed that horses' have an understanding of our emotions and are able to communicate with us in ways that we have not previously known for hundreds of years. Hopefully we can use this information to benefit the horses and the humans.

"A 2016 Norwegian study showed that horses can use abstract symbols to communicate. Basically, they can read", from "Flashcards for Horses". In the study scientists used a flashcard with a vertical line meaning "take off my blanket", a horizontal line saying "put on my blanket", and a blank flash card saying "I am content". After training the horses using the positive reinforcment for two weeks, when presented with the flashcards on a cold rainy day most horses picked the horizontal line flashcard and were rewarded with a warm blanket. On a contary day most horses picked the vertical line flashcard meaning they did not want a warm blanket.

In Italy, an expirement was performed where scientists would place apples, oats, and carrots out of reach of the horses and place a trainer near or in between the horse anf the treats. "Researchers observed horses looking at the bucket, then at the human, then at the bucket. If the human did nothing in response, the horse would try other tricks to attract the humans's gaze- nod its head, jerk its nose quickly towards the bucket, or change position so it could make eye contact. If the human walked away, some horses would go over and touch the person", from "Can you Get Me That?". This study showed that horses are intellegent enough to signal to a human that they want somehing using their body, something dogs, chimpanzees, and humans do. The Italian study was a gate way to understanding horses and their communication techniques.

Horses have been known to be expressive animals, matter of fact a study at University of Sussex in England showed that horses have 17 identifiable facial expressions, giving cause to scientists that thye may understand ours.  "Sussex researchers wondered whether horses recognize human facial expressions. They showed horses photos of people with angry or happy faces." from "I See What You're Saying". This study tracked horses heart beats and head movements to determine their understanding of emotions. When the horses were presented happy faces, no head turn or heart rate change, but when presented an angry or sad face the horses heart rate increased and the horse turned its head to view the expression with the left side of its face. These tendencies showed scientists that horses understand and process human emotions, giving reason to believe they expirience the same emotions.

In summation, recent studies of horses have given scientists new information in the depth of understanding about humans that they posess. We have learned they can read, understand emotions based on facial expressions, and have particular body responses to get what they want.

The article 'Say What, Horses?' comments on this idea in paragraph 5, saying: "Scientists were interested to learn that, though horses and people have very differently shaped faces and skulls, horses appeared to accurately read human emotions." this excerpt displays horses' ability to understand human emotion despite how different they look from us.

Then, In Paragraph 8 of the article scientists also tested horses ability to not just understand humans, but to communicate with them. "Researchers observed horses looking at the bucket, then at the human, then back at the bucket. If the human did nothing in response, the horse would try other tricks to attract the human's gaze--" This sentence shows horses ability to communicate with humans.

In conclusion, recent research reveals that horses have the ability to communicate and understand humans in ways unexpected by most.

Research shows that horses can use abstract symbols to communicate with each other. These discoveries could help us to use horses more efficiently then we already do and complete more task making the horse more effiective once more. Horses used to be the main way of helping get a task finished but if we can communicate with them we could have more possiblities. Just these facts alone explain why reseaching this is a good idea and how it could potentialy benefit us later on. Horses have the ability to understand human facial expressions and they have some facial expressions of their own. This could be a good starting place for us to understand horses better.

These symbols are very small but if you look closely they are there. Using this info we can learn things like if horses are tired or if they need something like water or food. This would be great would be very useful for people like veterinarians and could help them in the medical field make better decisions.

I think this type of research should be funded because the benefits of learning how animals communicate are really amazing and very fascinating. We humans domesticated horses about 5,500 years ago. Since then we have been communicating with them through body language though we never really knew if they understood even though they behaved as if they did.

In conclusion there are many different ways that horses can communicate with us humans, but most of these ways like using abstract symbols to communicate, or even having some beheviors like dogs, if most of these were just discovered with in the past few years what about other animals, there must be some things that we are yet to discover.

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In the selection it states, " The horses' heartbeats sped up while viewing angry faces. Smiling expressions didn't promt either a head turn or a change in heart rate.", this experiment shows that horses can read human emotions. In paragraph, "Can you Get Me That?" shows another experiment stating, " Researchers observed horses looking at the bucket, then at the human, then back at the bucket. If the human did nothing in response, the horse would try other tricks to attract the humans's gaze -- nod its head, jerk its nose quickly toward the bucket, or change position so it could make eyes contact", this experiment shows that horses can communicate with humans using skills.The last experiment in the the selection states that, "...the horses were given a challenge--a heavy blanket on a warm day or no blanket on a cold day. When presented with the three symbols, all horses chose appropiately, asking to have a blanket taken off on a warm day, or put on when it was cold and rainy. On another rainy, moderately cool day, 10 out of 12 horses asked for a blanket. Two signaled, "I'm good!"", this last experiment showcased that horses can use more than their body language to tell humans things.

All Three experiments shows how well horses communicates well with us humans. Horses are very intelligent animals and were able to communicate with us in many different ways. Hopefully in the furture, Horses can communicate better with us and just express themselves, so that we will understand fully how they feel. Tho I still wonder if their are more ways to communicate with horses and many other animals. Will we be able to achieve that in the near by furture?

We have always known that horses can read different facial expressions on humans, but did not know they have facial expressions of their own. Research at the University of Sussex in England has identified 17 different facial expressions in horses. Some are similar to humans, both raise skin above eyes when experiencing negative emotions.Could horses ever communicate with us using these skills? In the text it states, " Researchers based at the School for Ethical Equitation in Italy created an experiment in which they placed a bucket of oats, carrots, or apples beyond the reach of a horse. Researchers observed horses looking at the bucket, then at the human, then back at the bucket. If the human did nothing in response, the horse would try other tricks to attract the human's gaze-not its head, jerk its nose quickly toward the bucket, or change position so it could make eye contact.

Now, we know horses can use expressions to communicate with us, but how can they use body language, and abstract symbols? In 2016 Norwegian study showed that horses can use abstract symbols to communicate. The text states, "Horses were trained to distinguish among simple shapes presented on boards. A vertical bar meant 'Take my blanket off.' A horizontal bar meant 'Put my blanket on.' And a blank board meant 'No change.' The horses were systematically trained, using positive reinforcement(treats), to touch the appropriate board. All 23 horses in the study learned the symbols within 14 days, in sessions lasting 10 or 15 minutes." This shows the horses know how to use symbols to communicate, and that they are smarter than we know.

In conclusion, horses are a lot more intelligent than they seem. They can read emotions, symbols, expressions, and lots more! I think now that we realize how smart they are, the horses and humans relationship can reach its fullest potential.

They can talk using their body and that can tell us many things like if they are hungry or tired, they can do many things they would jerk their nose toward the bucket the scientists said if it wanted food. If the human look away the horse would tap on the humans back. They use more than body language too they can understand symbols a Norwegian study showed us after 10 to 15 minutes a day for 14 days horses understood symbols.

We can use this to communicate even more for example in their symbols they asked them if they liked the blanket on or off and after 14 days they could answer. So they can communicate in many ways with body language or with symbols maybe even facial expressions their are many ways to communicate with horses. We can use this information to know what they need and prefer in situations.

    First in paragraph 6 it says, "Horse people have always known that horses are good at reading our moods, but we've attributed that to some kind of sixth sense." This sentence explains how even before researchers found that out about how the horses can read peoples moods, the horse people already knew. It says in paragraph 10, "Horses can use more than body language to tell us things. A 2016 Norwegain study showed that horses can use abstract symbols to communicate. Basically, they can read." 

     Next, in paragraph 12 it says, "Horses were trained to distinguish among simple shapes presented on boards. A vertical bar meant "Take my blanket off." The horses were systematically trained, using positive reinforcement (treats), to touch the appropriate board." In this paragraph it is saying how horses are able to communicate with their owners no matter what. 

 In conclusion, we would have never expected that horses could do so much to be able to communicate with humans but here we are. 

First, horses can read human's faces. In paragraph 3 it says, "Horses are highly visual animals". Then in paragraph 5 it also says, "The horses' heart beats sped up while viewing the angry faces. Smiling expressions didn't prompt a change in heart rate". In paragraph 4 it states, "Research at the University of Sussex in England has identified 17 different facial expressions in horses".

Next, horses can use symbols to communicate. In the section "Flashcards for Horses" it says, "A vertical bar meant "take my blanket off". A horizontal line meant "put my blanket on". And a blank board meant "no change". Then 10 out of 12 horses wanted a blanket, the other two signaled, I'm good".

Finally, horses can get peoples attention to get what they want. In paragraph 8 it says, "Horses look at the bucket, then at the the human, then back at the bucket". They also said "If the human doesn't respond the horse will try other tricks to get the human's gaze.

Surprisingly, horses can communicate with humans almost perfectly. The research the scientists do is amazing in so many ways.

In paragraph 10 the author tells us that in 2016 "horses can use abstract sybols to communicate. Bascially they can read". This paragragh shows how smart horses can become. Putting blankets on horses in winter is actually something that they perfer according to the Norwegian scientists. The horses used shapes to communicate that to the owner and most horses agreed that they were

There are many ways scientists are discovering that horses can communicate, from symbols, to their sixth sense, and even their facial expressions can all indicate how they feel at that moment.

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