• The name of the battle AND your name in the title

• Key dates/stages of the battle

• Who was involved (allies/axis)

• The historical events that preceded the battle

• Statistics on soldier and civilian casualties

• Weapons used

• The geographic region it was fought in

• Who was successful, and why

• What the aftermath of the battle was

• Any interesting military strategies used

• A primary source, and why you chose it

It should be a minimum of 2 paragraphs. Post here as a blog post.

In the late fall rainy season, German armored columns and supply trains were bogged down in mud, slowing the Wehrmacht’s advance. By early November, the German army, lacking winter clothing, suffered its first cases of frostbite, and soon Nazi soldiers had difficulty firing frozen guns. Although the armor could finally move forward on the icy ground, the German advance on Moscow halted on December. On December 5, Siberian troops newly transferred from the Chinese frontier attacked, many wearing the snow camouflage that the Germans would learn to fear. The Red Army had high hopes of this offensive, intending to encircle and destroy their attackers. They did not manage this, but they did drive back the Germans up to 155 miles (250 km) at some points. Nazi Germany had lost its chance for a quick victory. German losses during the Battle of Moscow totaled 250,000–400,000 dead or wounded, and the Red Army suffered 600,000–1,300,000 dead, wounded, or captured—that is, in a single battle the Russians suffered the number of deaths incurred during the entirety of World War II by the United States and the United Kingdom

The evacuation was met with German luftwaffe attacks, so they have to leave heavy equipment and vehicles behind. Over 200 ships were lost during the german air raids. Over 338,000 soldiers were rescued from Dunkir, which was a great success and much more then anticipated.

The battle of Dunkirk highlighted the bravery and recourcefulness of the Allies, the rescue of the troops led to a significant morale boost for Britain, and prevented the loss of a significant portion of its experienced troops.

While the battle of Dunkirk resulted in a German victory, it ultimately became a strategic setback as it allowed Britain to continue fighting in the World War. This battle highlights a major mistake in German strategy, causing them to fight on 2 fronts.

This battle was preceded with Germanys invasion of several countries including Netherlands, Belgium amd France in 1940. The invasion of France and the low countries pushed the BEF and the French and Belgium troops back to the French port of Dunkirk.

It is estimated that around 22,000 allied troops were killed and approximately 40,000 French soilders were taken prisoner. The BEF alone suffered 68,000 casulties during the entire French campaign leading to the evacuation. Meanwhile, the German military suffered around 20,000 casulties, with an estimated 2,000 civillian casulties.

Many different weapons were used in the battle including the Lee-enfield rifle, 2 pounder anti-tank guns, artillery, tanks, machiene guns, motars and universal carriers on the British side. With 81mm motar, Luftwaffe, Panzer tanks and Karabiner 98k rifle on the German side.

The French used small arms such as rifles and pistols, artillery such as anti tank guns and feild guns, armored vehicles such as tanks and armored cars and aircrafts along with destroyers and warships that aided the evacuation. Other additional weapons were also used such as grenades and edge weapons.

The Belgian troops, seemingly having the shorter end of the stick used infantary weapons such as the Fusil Modèle 1935, Browning M1919 and the Fusil-mitrailleur Modèle 1915/27. Along with artillery such as the Canon de 120mm l mle 1931 and the 47 mm Model 1931 along with various models of differet pistols.

This significant battke was fought from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the North of France. This battle was a significant success in boosting the British morale and preserving a crucial fighting force despite the need for an evacuation.

Post battle the BEF was largely rescued but France soon surrendered. Some smart tacticts that were used in the battle included the use of the British Royal Airforce (RAF) that engaged in fights with the Luftwaffe to protect the evacuation fleet.

The turning point in the battle was during November 1942 were the soviets launched a counteroffensive under the name Operation Uranus, the soviets successfully encircled the German Sixth Army, marking a shift in momentum for the duration of the battle.

There were multiple diffrent countries involved in this battle, the axis powers included Germany, Italy, Romania and Hungary and the allies side only included The Soviet Union.

It is estimated that around 1.7-2 million people died during the battle of stalingrad, which included around 75,000 civilians, 478,000 soviet soldiers deaths with a additional 650,000 wounded or hurt on the Axis side around 800,000-1.5 million casulties. There were many diffrent weapons that were used in the battle both vary on the side, the Axis powers used things like the Panzer 3 tanks, MP 40 submachine guns as there primary weapon for soldiers they also had Luftwaffe air, support compared to the soviets who used T-34 Tanks and infantry guns such as the Mosin-Nagant rifles or the ppsh-41 submachine gun but they didnt really have any air control due to the germans.

We know that the battle of Stalingrad was fought in and around Stalingrad the urban enviroment enabled for the soviets to fight in house to house combat, the geographical location neutralized some german stratergies. The germans used stratergies like the blitzkreig fast bombing raids to destroy soviets defenses, while the soviets like to use house to house combat to slowly weaken axis forces.

In the end the Soviet Union won the battle when german forces surrendered in late Feburary 1943, the Soviets were easliy domminated during early points of the battle but when they launched the succsessful Operation Uranus the tides changed alowing the Soviets to win the battle. With this win the weakness of the germans was further exposed following the battle of britain, the germans were now fighting a war on 2 fronts of more allied forces pushed for germany, Hitler was now running out of men and supplies to keep winning the war.

Battle of Moscow, was fought between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union from September 30, 1941 to January 7, 1942 so a little over three months long during the cold Russian Winter, In Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. Back in June 1941, the Germans launched Operation Barbarossa, which was their attack of the Soviet Union, over 3.8 million Axis troops invaded Soviet Union along a 2,900km front. Initially, Moscow was not Hitler’s primary targets since he wanted first to destroy the Red army, but since they had captured over 650,000 enemy soldiers and his victories like Battle of Bialystok-Minsk and Battle of Smolensk, he decided to go back to Moscow.

The German attack relied on blitzkrieg tactics, aiming to encircle and destroy Soviet forces. Hitler thought for sure he was going to win, as his army had way more strength in weapons than the Soviet Union. Germany had 1.2million-2million men, 1 000-2 470 tanks and assault guns, 14 000 guns, and 1 400 combat aircraft’s (including 158 dive-bombers and 172 fighters). Whereas The Soviet Union had 1.25million men, 1 000 tanks, 7 600 guns, and 936 aircraft.

The battle saw intense fighting with very heavy casualties on both sides, with German losing 250,000-400,000 dead or wounded and the Red Army suffered 600 000-1.3 million dead, wounded or captured.

The Soviet Union was successful in The Battle of Moscow. Initially, German forces achieved significant gain and just reached the outskirts of Moscow, but the Soviet Red Army, aided by factors like a harsh winter that the germans were not use to, a resilient defence, and successful counteroffensives, it ultimately pushed the Germans back. This victory for the Soviet Union made a great turning point in World War Two and made hitler realise that he wasn’t going to win.

I picked this photo because he shows that the Germans weren’t prepared for the harsh Winter in Russia, and should have planned ahead for it when invading in the start of summer.

The Phoney War took place in the Western Front of ww11 along the borders between france and Germany. Although not a lot of fighting occured Germany was the most successful in this war despite the lack of major land battles. During the time of the Phoney war as it was quite an anti climatic war both sides had breathing space to prepare their land and military for the approching onslaught of spring. The aftermath of the Phoney War wasnt too dramatic or devestating although it did resort in a shift in the Allied leadership when Neville Chaimberlain resigned and Whinston Churchill stepped up. There where multiple attempts off air attack although hurricanes held them back from getting effective aim and many where shot down. Arial attack consumed the majority of their trials as not much land attack was used.

The battle of Stalingrad was preceded by Operation Babarossa, an invasion of the Soviet union, which set the stage for the eastern front conflict, in June 1941. The Axis casualties were estimated as 800,000, including those missing or captured, while the red army had an estimated 1.1 milion casualties, along with 40,000 estimated civilian casualties. Both forces used submachine guns, rifles, machine guns, tanks, artillery, and anti-tank weapons, along with bomber planes and weapons such as grenades and knives for the hand to hand combat. The battle of Stalingrad was fought in the Soviet union, other wise known as Russia now and was predominetly in the southwestern part of Russia, along the volga river.

The soviet union was successful in the battle of stalingrad, they were successful for a number of reasons, including their counter-attack stratergies, the germans overconfidence, and the tenacity of their defence. The battle resulted in mass destruction of Stalingrad, and the need to rebuild their city, and major causalties as they lost a portion of their population by both fighting and being a civilian. The battle also brought confidence for the allied troup, while taking confidence from Nazi Germany and caused them to turn to defence for the remainder of the war, instead of attack. The soviets employed tactics of urban warfare by using the cities rubble to their advantage, they also used phsycological warfare against Germany by exploiting their stretched supply line.the Soviet union chose to go after the German supply airfields which left them without equipment or supplies in the battle. The Soviet union was also the first army to use women snipers in stalingrad.

The British had an estimated 3,500 deaths and 41000 captured. With the french having an estimated 18000 killed and 40000 prisoners. While germany had 20000 people killed or wounded. There eas a total of 1000 civilian casualties.

The war was fought using several kinds of weapns, the British used the Lee-Enfield rifle and machine guns such as the Bren loght machine gun and the Vickers machine guns. Both sides were using artillery such as cannons and anti-tank gun as well as tanks and mortars. Some naval weapons used include Destroyers which were used by the british and civillian boats were used to help evacuate allied forces. The germans used bombs and machine guns with their planes and thr birtish mostly used spitfires and hurricane jets.

The Battle of Dunkirk took place in and around the city of Dunkirk, located in the northernmost part of France.The Battle of Dunkirk, while a military defeat for the Allies , is often remembered as a success due to the large-scale evacuation of Allied troops, primarily British and French, from the beaches of Dunkirk. This was an overall victory for Germany as they had taken over most of France at this point and had the Allied forces lose a significant amount of resources.

The british had 23,000 civilian casualties and 3,500 military deaths, however the french had around 11,000 - 19,000 civilian casualties and around 50,000 - 90,000 soldiers had died due to the bombing raids of the germans. The most common weapon used during the Phoney war were artillery, machine guns, aircraft, mortars, mines, rifles, gas, and tanks. Many casualties were found to be highly due to the airraids and bombings in scapa flow which resulted in 4 civilian deaths.

The Phoney war primarily took place along the french-german border. Germany was highly successful as adolf hitler had used tatics called blitzkrieg to rapidly attack, this allowed them to quickly overrun poland and later on belgium, the netherlands and france. The phoney war ended in germany annexing france and the lower countries by ending the silence of inactivity and caused britain and france to go full force on the german military. In 1940 Nevile chamberline was replaced by winston churchill because the munich agreement with germany failed.

• (Start to end) 17/07/1942 to 02/02/1943 (6 months, 2 weeks and 2 days).

• The period of defence (17/07/1942 — 18/11/1942).

• Defensive combat operations by the troops of the fronts on the distant approaches to Stalingrad (17/07/1942 — 12/09/1942).

• Defensive actions to hold Stalingrad (13/09/1942 — 18/11/1942)

• The counter-offensive of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad (19/11/1942 — 02/02/1943).

• Was fought between Nazi Germany (Axis) and Soviet Russia (Allies) 

• The historical events that preceded the battle

>  Peace Treaty between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia

> Operation Barbarossa

Soldier and civilian casualties

Nazi Germany: 

• 250k dead, but is believed to have been more than 800k dead, wounded, missing or captured. 

• Only 5-6k out of 91k men were returned to their homeland while the rest died in Soviet prison or labour camps.

Soviet Russia: 

• 1.1 million soldiers dead, wounded, missing or captured. 

• An estimated 40k civilians dead.

Weapons used

Soviet Russia

• T-34 tanks

• Katyusha rockets

• Mosin-Nagant rifles

• DM-4 hand grenades

• Soviet fighter-bombers

Nazi Germany

• Panzer III and Panzer IV tanks

• MG 42 machine guns

• StG 44 assaults rifles

• Schmeisser submachine guns

• Luftwaffe Stuka bombers

Both

• Howitzers

• Heavy Mortars

• Anti-tank guns

• Nebelwerfers

• Was fought on the Eastern Front of WWII in the European Theatre of War (or North Asia)

• Soviet Russia was successful.

• The aftermath of Stalingrad

  
  

Military strategies used:

• The fighting retreat by The Red Army: turned the vast expanse if the Russian steppe against the Germans, putting a huge strain on their supply lines.

• Urban warfare: the rubble-strewn landscape of Stalingrad after having 1k tons of bombs dropped on it was perfect for defence. The Nazi troops were accustomed to well-choreographed moblie warefare— fierce, close-quarter street fighting in the ruins of Stalingrad was a new and terrifying experience, as well as the threat of Soviet snipers whom were perfectly camoflauged in the rubble. 

• Operation Uranus by the Soviets: encircled the city and trapped the German Sixth Army within it. Winter was setting in and the Nazis were running out of supplies.

Originally Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union had a non aggression pact, but it was broken by the Nazis after the failed Battle of Britain. The German invasion plan was named Operation Barbarossa and was launched on 22 June 1941 in a fast assault targeting key USSR cities and economic regions.

Germany estimated that they lost between 250,000 to 400,000 troops while the soviet union lost far more with estimates from 600,000 all the way up to 1,300,000 troops. Incredibly harsh weather conditions in the region contributed to the high numbers of dead, wounded or captured soldiers particularly on the German side as they were unprepared for the unforgiving Russian winter that left their soldiers freezing to death and their equipment unuseable while the red army of the Soviet Union was more adapted and prepared.

The USSR came out on top due to the Germans having to fight on two fronts in Europe leaving their supplies and rations streched out thin allowing for the soviets to weather the storm of the attack on Moscow and launch a counter attack with Stalin, the leader of the USSR delivering 18 divisions, 1,700 tanks and 1,500 aircrafts from Siberia to the eastern front to expell the Germans from the region.

During the phoney war the allies used weapns like artillery, naval power, aircrafts and infantry arms. Germany used a lot of u-boats, luftwaffe and surface raider. There were two primary frontlines during the phoney was the maginot line and the siegfried line. The maginot line was situated on german borders while the siegfried line was int the french borders. Germany is believed to be more successful than the allies during the phoney war because they were able to quickly conquer poland and sink many allied ships with their u-boats.

In may 1940, German troops marched into Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg ending the phoney war. The inactivity of both sides of the war stopped and intencefight began. France quickly fell under the pressure of grermanh leading to the evacuation of dunkirk. A military strategy used by the allies was a naval blockage of germany preventing them from importing food and raw materials essential for the war.

This fight can be divided in four phases, the early raids and kanalkampf, adlerangriff (eagle attack), attacks of airfields and finally the blitz. This all happened in a time span of 4 starting from the 10th of July officially ending on the 31st October 1940. Which mainly included the RAF was apart of the allied powers while Luftwaffe was apart of the axis power.

This fight took place in the skies of the Southern english and the english channel causing 23,000 civilians killed, 1542 allied force, 422 wounded and 1977 planes lost. While Germany had lost

Phase One: Scattered and limited day and night attacks and mine-laying sorties, directed mainly against ports and shipping and towns with aircraft factories.

(26th of June - 16th of July)

Phase Two: Increasing and larger daylight attacks against shipping in the English Channel, ports along the South and East coasts and some coastal airfields, with increased night attacks against the West, Midlands, and East Coast, RAF facilities and the aircraft industry.

(17th of July - 12th of August)

Phase Three: Large-scale daylight attacks against RAF airfields in South-East England, with the object of exhausting the RAF’ ability to provide a defence. Night attacks continued.

(13th of August - 6th of September)

Phase Four: Large-scale day and night attacks against London. (7th of September - 2nd of October)

Phase Five: Smaller scale daylight fighter-bombers attacks while large-scale night attacks continued mainly against London. This was also the start of what came to be called the ‘Blitz’ on the capital and against other cities and towns, which lasted until May 1941. (3rd of October - 31st of October)

By mid 1940, led by Hitler and the Nazi regime, Germany had successfully invaded a majority of Mainland Europe, with countries including Poland, Denmark and Norway being annexed the year prior, and now France. After France surrendered to Germany and on the 25th of June, and after the evacuation at Dunkirk, Germany had their sights set on the last major threat in Europe: Great Britain

During the Battle of Britain, both Germany's Luftwaffe and Great Britain's RAF utilized an array of fighter jets and bomber planes, most notably Britain's Spitfire and Germany's Messerschmitt BF-109. Although the Luftwaffe did have a numbers advantage over the RAF, Britain's superior radar technology and strategy help them fend off Germany's attempt at invasion, and ultimately change Germany's sights towards Russia instead. Unfortunately, on the Allies side, 1,542 soldiers were killed, and additional 2,585 soldiers on the Axis side, and almost 3,000 civilians.

The allies were successful in driving back the axis with them evacuating 60, 000 of their soldiers.

once the war was over Berlin was occupied and divided into 4 zones-soviet, US, British and French.