Psychology Research Summary by

Title of Experiment (Paul)

paulramsay28 — 2021-06-03 06:35:04 UTC

Aim: (Experimental? Non-Experimental?)

Procedure:

Results:

Discussion:

gaffar

info16247 — 2021-06-03 11:26:35 UTC

Milgram obedience study(Alex Trifan)

2021-06-03 15:08:28 UTC

Aim: To understand the darker side of social obedience, ultimately to determine what made germans act the way they did in the Jewish extermination process.
Procedure: inflicting electric shocks of different intensities to a confederate subject, by subjects who believed shocks were real, in order to understand the level of obedience people are willing to reach.
Results: knowing they are hurting the subject and creating an internal conflict of ethics and morals, subjects experienced similar frustrations, feelings, agitations and were in distress, but under pressure from the authority, and especially when authority assumed responsibility for the effects of the continuation of the procedure, roughly 66% went all the way to the end.
Discussion: In a normal society, obedience is necessary for functioning, although Milgram focused on the darker side of it, and what made germans act the way they did with the Jewish people.
My belief, from a psychological perspective, is that the independent variable, the extermination of all Jews, was enforced by a dictator in a totalitarian regime, where authority is respected, not discussed.
After taking charge of power, 1933, nazis systematically persecuted and killed Jews in Germany. After the war started in 1939, with the occupation of Poland and France after the Blitzkrieg, the dependant variable, the number of Jews killed, started to be a problem, but as Milgram's experiment proved, obedience to authority was indisputable, fuelled by extraneous variables such as nazi propaganda. Once the nazis invasion on the east front, by conquering vast areas of land, they were also capturing a huge number of Jews and Gypsies, having a designated Jews killer squad, the SS Einsatzgruppen, who committed countless atrocities under the command of Himmler. However, a conflict of morals and ethics started to develop on the German side, an EV nazis did not count with, alongside with another EV such as the number of shootings bullets that were used to kill(not cost-effective and would lower soldiers morale), made a major figure in nazi party, Heydrich, to come with the final solution, extermination by gas, reducing shooting and creating mass murder.
My conclusion is, depending on
the amount of responsibility that can be taken of an individual, he will obey as much as needed, although, with internal ethic and moral conflict, he will not raise concerns, especially if part of a bigger group that does the same, he will obey.
This is why a free, peaceful and democratic society is needed, where obedience is essential for functioning, although when the darker side of it intervenes, internal moral conflicts are questioned, the individual can choose to speak, compare or change his decisions.

The Stanford Prison Experiment (Emily)

2021-06-04 10:00:37 UTC

Aim: To understand how power can corrupt a human being. What would happen if you put people in a dangerous place. I believe this was and experimental process.

Procedure: students were given a test to check for psychological abnormality. they were then split up into guards and prisoners.

Results: day 2 the prisoners rebel against the guards and the system set up by prisoner 8612. when the guards got everything back under control prisoner 8612 was put into the hole. the guards changed tack and started to inflict their power onto the other prisoners by waking them up in the middle of the night, making them do menial tasks like cleaning the toilet with their own hands. 8612 was released from the hole and went to Zimbardo to asked to be released. Zimbardo gave the prisoner an ultimatum. 8612 proceeded to become excessively disturbed. day 5 4 prisoners had been released. day 6 the experiment was shut down for being unethical.

Discussion: in society today there is more understanding about ethical and unethical experiments. the good guards did nothing to reign in the bad guards. if zimbardo had picked to either be in charge of the prison or be the psycholgist the experiment may have gone better. the fact that everybody in the experiment lost their self identity, i believe it was a necessary experiment to do as we now have an understanding of how a evil place can win over good people.
the EV in this experiment was how zimbardo let the guards have control of the situation even though there was to be no violence.
the IV was how after the prisoners rebellion the guards changed tack.
the DV is the moral of all participants in the study. how they came across how they felt. they voiced all this in a meeting after the study was concluded.

Asch Conformity Experiment ( Dulani)

2021-06-07 12:09:36 UTC

Aim: This experiments aim was to find out if individuals answers/behaviours changed due to social influences to fit in with the majority, although they knew the answer was clearly wrong.

Procedure : Test subjects was shown a series of 4 lines, 1 standard line and 3 comparison lines, 1 exactly the same as the standard line and the other 2 either bigger or shorter.

5 subjects did the experiment per group with only 1 being a genuine subject, the other 4 was part of the study and would deliberately give the wrong answers.

Asch then allowed 1of the group who wasnt being tested to give the correct answer along with the participant.

18 different trials was done and the particpants in on the experiment gave incorrect answers in 12.

Results: Nearly 75% of participants went with the incorrect answer atleast once, combining all experiments researchers found participants conformed to the groups answer one third of the time.

Asch also did this experiment but asked the participants to write the answer down to avoid any social influences and foundthe participants correct 99% of thee time.

Discussion: The independant variable in this study was the changing of how participants reponds, it was changed to writing to avoid peer pressure. another independant variable was when Asch allowed 1 of the acting participants to give the correct answer too. The dependant variable in this study is the participants answer which was to find out if human beings conform.

The extraneous variable in this study is the order in which the particpants aswered the questions, ensuring the test subject wasnt first so he had time to see the majority of participants answers. I also believe ensuring wehnthe written test was done that participants could not discuss or see each others answer for complete accuracy, anothe could be different personality traits.

The Stanford Prison Experiment (Cristina B.)

2021-06-08 15:15:13 UTC

Aim: Experimental process because Zimbardo wanted to see if people could change their temper in extrem situations .

Procedure: 25 students chosen to do this experiment in the first phase there were 70 but after some personality tests they had psychological problems ,medical disabilities or with a history of crime and drug abuse. This students were assigned to the role of prisoners and guard.

Results: On the first day everything was under control but from the next day things started to take a completely different turn and the prisoners started to have behavioral problems .

Discussion: Following this experiment showed that people , under special pressures and conditions can become aggressive ,although they may never have had any problems.

The Summary of the Milgram Shock Experiment (Folorunso Oni)

2021-06-08 20:32:24 UTC

Stanley Milgram is a recognized psychologist whose passion has been focused on identifying what usually transpires between obedient, authority and personal conscience.

He examined how the justification came to being regarding genocide being offered during the world war and the use of "obedience" to submit to the authority of their elders. In 1963, he investigated whether Germans were particularly obedient to authority figures during world war. Milgram agitation and passion was to understand how far people would go in obeying an instruction especially in causing problem for people.

He engaged with volunteer recruited in which each of the participants were introduced to another participants(confederal) as learners and Teachers respectively. His experiment was a unique one being that it was conducted in the laboratory where one of the participants was used as learner. (with an electric chair) and another for the experimenter with elective shock generator.

After the learner was strapped in to a chair with classroom. having learnt a list of word, the learners was tested by naming a word and requesting the learner to recall its partner/parc from a list of word from possible choices. In obedience, the teacher administered an electric shock every time the teacher committed error, thereby increasing the level of shock each time.

30 switches of the shock generates marked from from 15 volts to 450 indicating danger shock, In response the learner gave various wrong answer. Each of the learners was given an electric shock, the experiment was expected to give a series of oders/prod to ensure continue. The result indicated that teacher(participant) continue to the peak of 450 volt and all participants continued to 300 Volts .In Milgram’s guest to unravel the subject matter being discussed, he conducted 18 variation of this study altering the situation (IV) in order to further unravel how it has affected obedience.

In conclusion, it was concluded that people obey instruction from the authority considered being morally right or legally based. This type of legitimate authority could be learnt in family, school and society when there’s someone to take responsibility for the outcome.