Laertes, the son of royal adviser Polonius is granted a permission to go to France.

Then the attention is shifter towards Hamlet who is still in active mourning. Hamlet's feeling are met with dismissal "To give these mourning duties to your father.
But you must know your father lost a father,
That father lost, lost his, and the survivor bound
In filial obligation for some term
To do obsequious sorrow"

Hamlet replies thay on the contrary, his uncle and mother aee "too much in the sun". But again is met with dismissal from his mother which turns their relationship even more sour.

Afterwards Horatio reports about the ghost to Hamlet

Laertes: Think it no more

For nature, crescent, does not grow alone
In thews and ⟨bulk,⟩ but, as this temple waxes,

The inward service of the mind and soul
Grows wide withal. Perhaps he loves you now,
And now no soil nor cautel doth besmirch
The virtue of his will; but you must fear,
His greatness weighed, his will is not his own,
⟨For he himself is subject to his birth.⟩

It highlights Hamlet impotence to make decisions on his own since there is another power governing over him: his origin or birth. Due to being born in the royal family, he involuntarily became subject to not exercising his will for himself since one decision reflected through action will have far-reaching consequences not only for the royal family but also the entire state of Denmark. We might think that being a prince gives one the upper hand to be able to exert power. However, in this case Shakespeare communicates to us about the “invisible” power that is above Hamlet.

Lines of Guildenstern: “But we both obey, And here give up ourselves in the full bent To lay our service freely at your feet, To be commanded” The King Claudius and the Queen Gertrude want Hamlet’s childhood friends, Guildenstern and Rosencrantz, to spy on him. They need to find out what is troubling Hmalet. Hence, those two would spend more time together with their son. Guildenstern’s speech demonstrates his eagerness to help. The author effectively shows how Hamlet is isolated, as even his own friends do not stay loyal and believe he has gone mad. Claudius uses their “friendship” as a tool of manipulation. Maybe that is when rewriting the letter, Hamlet did not regret causing their death.

O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I!

Is it not monstrous that this player here,

But in a fiction, in a dream of passion,

Could force his soul so to his own conceit

That from her working all his visage wann'd,

Tears in his eyes, distraction in's aspect,

A broken voice, and his whole function suiting

With forms to his conceit? and all for nothing!

For Hecuba!

What's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba,

That he should weep for her? What would he do,

Had he the motive and the cue for passion

That I have? He would drown the stage with tears

And cleave the general ear with horrid speech,

Make mad the guilty and appal the free,

Confound the ignorant, and amaze indeed

The very faculties of eyes and ears. Yet I,

A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak,

Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause,

And can say nothing; no, not for a king,

Upon whose property and most dear life

A damn'd defeat was made. Am I a coward?

Who calls me villain? breaks my pate across?

Plucks off my beard, and blows it in my face?

Tweaks me by the nose? gives me the lie i' the throat,

As deep as to the lungs? who does me this?

Ha!

'Swounds, I should take it: for it cannot be

But I am pigeon-liver'd and lack gall

To make oppression bitter, or ere this

I should have fatted all the region kites

With this slave's offal: bloody, bawdy villain!

Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain!

O, vengeance!

I found this interesting because of Hamlet reflecting on something that most people would easily overlook. He took something usual like acting and turned it into a deep reflection about himself. I also like how clearly one of his main traits is depicted here, that being the desire of honesty and authenticity. He's shocked at how real an actor makes his performance, despite the actor not being related to his character. This is so painful for him because he's surrounded by liars the entire play.

My lord, as I was sewing in my closet,
Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbraced,
No hat upon his head, his stockings fouled,
Ungartered, and down-gyvèd to his ankle,
Pale as his shirt, his knees knocking each other,
And with a look so piteous in purport
As if he had been loosèd out of hell
To speak of horrors—he comes before me.

Polonius, assuming that Hamlet’s madness is caused by love, decides to go and report this to the King and Queen.

“... I will go seek the King.
This is the very ecstasy of love...”

This passage has caused a dilemma in my mind since Hamlet eventually gets to uncover his true feelings and love toward Ophelia while his previous conduct does not communicate the same thing. When Ophelia was alive, he teased her but when she passed away, he suddenly began to mourn for her. This phenomenon begs the question of not appreciating someone until they are gone.

[Laertes 

He is justly served;

It is a poison tempered by himself.

Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet.

Mine and my father's death come not upon thee,

Nor thine on me!

[Laertes Dies.]

Hamlet

Heaven make thee free of it! I follow thee. 

I am dead, Horatio. Wretched queen, adieu.

You, that look pale and tremble at this chance,

That are but mutes or audience to this act,    

Had I but time — as this fell sergeant, Death,

Is strict in his arrest — oh, I could tell you ... 

But let it be. Horatio, I am dead.]

In this passage Hamlet and Laert fogive each other, and die free of any negative feelings of human nature. This shift in Hamlet's mental state is very important. He now thinks sympathetically about others. His death is not heroic, but he did achieve his goal of avenging his father, and that is why his death is not shameful too. It is just tragic, because he had to go down, watchin his mother die, and knowning that his death is also inevitable.

King Claudius has Hamlet under the guards. He demands the whereabouts of Polonius's body. Hamlet tells the King that Polonius's body is at the supper being eaten by the King. Hamlet once again critiques the court and royal family and their inhumane ways of keeping the power. Hamlet eventually revels wheres the body. The King tells Hamlet to leave for England and sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy for him. While along Claudius states his hope that Hamlet will killed.