Upper Respiratory Culture by https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq en-us 2023-11-16 14:59:21 UTC 2023-12-11 19:37:05 UTC hello@padlet.com Specimen: https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792603912 Sterile throat swab, nasal swab, nasopharyngeal swab, nasal washings, sinus aspirates, typanocentesis fluids, and oral cultures can be submitted for detection of upper respiratory tract pathogens.

]]> 2023-11-16 15:10:24 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792603912 Gram positive pathogens: savschwarzwalder https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792606783 Streptococcus pyogenes

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum





]]> 2023-11-16 15:12:18 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792606783 Lab Setup: https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792617987 Set up BAP (blood agar plate), CHOC (chocolate plate), and MAC (McConkey plate) from specimen received. Do not need to perform direct smear from a URT specimen due to too much normal flora being present, it would be hard to differentiate between normal flora and pathogen.

]]> 2023-11-16 15:19:33 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792617987 Gram negative pathogens: savschwarzwalder https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792622770 Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Neisseria sp.

Bordetella pertussis


]]> 2023-11-16 15:22:44 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792622770 savschwarzwalder https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792627811

  • runny/stuffy nose

  • sore throat

  • cough

  • fever

  • headache

  • fatigue


    • ]]>     2023-11-16 15:26:02 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792627811     Streptococcus pyogenes savschwarzwalder https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792636958

  • Main pathogen

  • Also known as Strep A.

  • Gram positive cocci in chains

  • Beta hemolytic on BAP (large zone)

  • Catalase negative

  • A disc (Bacitracin) susceptible

  • PYR positive

  • LAP positive


    • ]]>     2023-11-16 15:32:44 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792636958     Haemophilus influenzae: https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792641706

  • Pleomorphic gram negative rods (may find intracellularly)

  • Tan, translucent colony on CHOC agar (will not grow on MAC or BAP)

  • Has a distinct bleach-like or mousy odor

  • Contains a capsule which will make it appear mucoid

  • Oxidase positive, Spot Indole positive, requires both x and v factor, ALA porphyrin test negative

  • If suspected, use ID system to identify (Vitek, rapid NH, MALDI)


    • ]]>     2023-11-16 15:36:06 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792641706     Strep A virulence factors savschwarzwalder https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792652422

  • Hyaluronidase

    -spreading factor

  • M protein

    -resist phagocytosis

  • Streptolysin S

    -oxygen stable hemolysin

  • Streptolysin O

    -oxygen labile hemolysin

  • Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin

    -superantigen (cause scarlet fever, toxic shock, and necrotizing fasciitis)

    • ]]>     2023-11-16 15:43:17 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792652422     Corynebacterium diphtheriae savschwarzwalder https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792664345

  • Pleomorphic gram negative bacilli. Diphtheroid (palisading and letter formation)

  • Cystine-tellurite blood agar (CTBA) is selective and differential plate for this pathogen

  • Catalase positive

  • Urease negative

  • Nitrate positive

  • ELEK (immunodiffusion) test for toxin detection

  • Reportable disease


    • ]]>     2023-11-16 15:50:39 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792664345     Haemophilus parainfluenzae: https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792855588

  • Pleomorphic gram negative rods

  • Translucent tan colony on CHOC agar (no growth on BAP or MAC)

  • Oxidase positive, Spot Indole negative, requires v factor but can make its own x factor, ALA porphyrin test positive


    • ]]>     2023-11-16 18:07:12 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792855588     Corynebacterium virulence factors savschwarzwalder https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792861065

  • Respiratory disease caused by diphtheria toxin

    -kills tissue locally leading to necrosis

  • Not all C. diphtheria are positive for the toxin

    -bacteria must be infected by a beta-phage that carries the tox gene (ELEK test to identify toxin production)

  • Treatment is to neutralize toxin

    • ]]>     2023-11-16 18:11:44 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792861065     Arcanobacterium haemolyticum savschwarzwalder https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792861413

  • Infection presents like strep throat

  • Gram positive bacillus of many shapes

  • Translucent, beta hemolytic colony on BAP

    -black dot can be left behind on agar after colony is scraped away

  • Catalase negative

  • Reverse CAMP test positive (arrow-shaped zone of hemolysis)

  • Intrinsically resistant to penicillin

    • ]]>     2023-11-16 18:12:03 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792861413     Bordatella pertussis: https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792865556

  • Nasopharynx swab not throat swab

  • Small gram negative coccobacilli that stain faintly - use carbolfuschin instead of safranin will help

  • Strict aerobe and very fastidious

  • Regan Lowe or Bordet-Gengou Agar (drops of mercury) with charcoal

  • Often not identified with culture, direct fluorescent antibody or PCR is usually used


    • ]]>     2023-11-16 18:15:18 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2792865556     Neisseria sp.: https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2793176555 Neisseria gonnorrheae:

    • Gram negative dipplococci (coffee beans)

    • tan/gray flat colonies on CHOC plate

    • Oxidase positive

    • Catarrhalis disc test negative

    • Typically use ID system to identify (rapid NH, Vitek, MALDI)

    • Upper respiratory tract infection with Neisseria gonorrheae isn't common but can occur


    ]]>     2023-11-17 00:11:25 UTC https://padlet.com/savschwarzwalder/8gptl9npp3vd7zaq/wish/2793176555