https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4 en-us 2020-06-21 16:28:15 UTC 2020-06-21 18:43:39 UTC hello@padlet.com lesliewilcox https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635146685 1. Sympathetic-Adrenergic (fight,fright,flight)
2. Parasympathetic-Cholinergic (rest and digest)

Sources: Hitner, Henry; Nagle, Barbara. "Pharmacology: An Introduction" 7th Edition, 2016, McGraw-Hill Education LLC. 
Marieb, Elaine; Hoehn, Katja. "Human Anatomy and Physiology" 11th Edition, 2019, Morton Publishing Company. ]]> 2020-06-21 16:31:28 UTC https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635146685 lesliewilcox https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635150119 1. B-1: NE and EPI
2. B-2: EPI
3. a-1: NE and EPI
4. d-1: dapamine at low, B-1 at moderate, A-1 at high
5. N-1: ACH
6. N-2: ACH
7. Muscarinic: ACH

Sources: Hitner, Henry; Nagle, Barbara. "Pharmacology: An Introduction" 7th Edition, 2016, McGraw-Hill Education LLC. 

]]> 2020-06-21 16:36:42 UTC https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635150119 lesliewilcox https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635152013 1. B-1: NE- released at postganglionic nerve endings, EPI- released by adrenal medulla
2. B-2: EPI- released by adrenal medulla
3. a-1:  NE- released at postganglionic nerve endings, EPI- released by adrenal medualla
4. d-1: dopamine- precursor to NE, sympathetic and CNS neurotransmitter, stimulates many recepotrs (alpha, beta, domapniergic)
5. N-1: ACH- released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings (both systems)
6. N-2: ACH- released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings( both systems)
7. Muscarinic: ACH- released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings (both systems)

Sources: Hitner, Henry; Nagle, Barbara. "Pharmacology: An Introduction" 7th Edition, 2016, McGraw-Hill Education LLC. 


]]> 2020-06-21 16:39:56 UTC https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635152013 lesliewilcox https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635164478 ACH: Cholinergic- Nicotinic and Muscarinic
NE and EPI: Adrenergic- B-1, B-2, a-1, a-2

Sources: Hitner, Henry; Nagle, Barbara. "Pharmacology: An Introduction" 7th Edition, 2016, McGraw-Hill Education LLC. 
Marieb, Elaine; Hoehn, Katja. "Human Anatomy and Physiology" 11th Edition, 2019, Morton Publishing Company. ]]> 2020-06-21 16:58:52 UTC https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635164478 lesliewilcox https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635165607 ACH: Cholinergic- Nicotinic: neuromusculare junctions of skeletal muscle; excitation-contraction of muscle  Muscarinic: All parasympathetic target organs; inhibitation of cardiac muscle, excitation in most cases
NE and EPI: Adrenergic- B-1: heart, but also kidneys and adipose tissue; increases heart rate and force of contraction, stimulates kidneys to release renin   B-2: lungs, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle arteries, cornary arteries    a-1:  smooth muscle, eyes, most arteries and veins; constricts blood vessels and visceral organ sphincters, dilates pupils of eyes   a-2: adenergic axon terminals ; inhibits NE release from adrenergic axon terminals  

Sources: Hitner, Henry; Nagle, Barbara. "Pharmacology: An Introduction" 7th Edition, 2016, McGraw-Hill Education LLC. 
Marieb, Elaine; Hoehn, Katja. "Human Anatomy and Physiology" 11th Edition, 2019, Morton Publishing Company. 

]]> 2020-06-21 17:00:38 UTC https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635165607 lesliewilcox https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635172119 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist: alpha-1 receptor is stimulated, contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increase blood pressure, vasoconstriction of nasal passages, decongestant effect
Adrenergic Agonist: stimulates all alpha and beta receptors, increases blood pressure

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonists(Blocker, Inhibitor): bind to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them, relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases blood pressure

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists: low dose: stimulates dopaminegic (d-1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow; moderate dose: stimulates beta-1 receptors on heart, increases force of contraction and cardiac output; high dose: stimulates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction, increases blood pressure

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists: stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors, smooth muscle relaxation, promote bronchodilation, relieve bronchospasms

Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists(Blocker, Inhibitor): Selective Beta-1 Blockers- block beta-1 receptors, decreases force of contraction, decrease cardiac output, decrease heart rate, decrease conduction, decrease blood pressure
Beta-Adrenergic Antagonist(Blocker, Inhibitor): Non-Selective Beta-1 Blockers- blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, decreases force of contraction, decrease cardiac output, decrease heart rate, decrease conduction, decrease blood pressure

Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonists: directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division, mimics ACH

Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agonists: inhibit actelycholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapses, increases ACH

Anticholinergic: bind to a cholinergic receptor, acts as a blocking drug

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:
Peripherally Acting:
Depolarizing Agents- binds to Nicotinic 2/Nm receptors and induces depolarization, alters Nicotinic 2/Nm receptor so it cannot respond to ACH and prevent contractions 
Non-Depolarizing Agents- occupies the Nicotinic 2/Nm receptor sites, ACH cannot bind, no contraction, no depolarization
Direct Acting Agents- inhibits skeletal muscle contractions, blocks Ca++ release within the muscle fiber, does NOT affect Nicotinic 2/Nm receptor or spinal cord conduction 
Centrally Acting Agents: decreases number of impulses available to produce a contraction at motor neurons, block conduction within the spinal cord

Sources: Hitner, Henry; Nagle, Barbara. "Pharmacology: An Introduction" 7th Edition, 2016, McGraw-Hill Education LLC. 
Marieb, Elaine; Hoehn, Katja. "Human Anatomy and Physiology" 11th Edition, 2019, Morton Publishing Company. ]]> 2020-06-21 17:09:40 UTC https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635172119 lesliewilcox https://padlet.com/lesliewilcox/8fp8bv9p9etwihp4/wish/635196863 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist: ephedrine, phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine ®)

Adrenergic Agonist: epinephrine (Adrenalin ®)

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers: prazosin (Minipress ®), terazosin (Hytrin ®), doxazosin (Cardura ®)

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist: dobutamine

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist: formoterol (Foradil ®), albuterol (Proventil ®, Ventolin ®), terbutaline (Brethine ®)

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: Selective Beta-1 Blockers: atenolol (Tenomin ®), metoprolol (Lopressor ®)   
Non-Selective Beta-1 Blocker: nadolol (Corgard ®), propranolol (Inderol ®), tomolol (Blocadren ®)

Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist: acetylcholine, pilocarpine (Pilocar ®), bethanechol (Urecholine ®)

Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agonist: neostigmine (Prostigmin ®)
Anticholinergic: atropine, dicyclomine (Bentyl ®)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:
Peripherally Acting-
Depolarizing Agent: succinylchoine
Non- Depolarizing Agent: rocuronium bromide (Zemuron ®)
Direct Acting Agent: dantrolene (Dantrium ®)
Centrally Acting- cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril ®), carisoprodol (Soma ®), methocarbamol (Robanix ®), orphenadrine citrate (Norflex ®), chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte DSC ®), metaxalone (Skelaxin ®)
 
Sources: Hitner, Henry; Nagle, Barbara. "Pharmacology: An Introduction" 7th Edition, 2016, McGraw-Hill Education LLC. 
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