SOCI 250: FAMILY AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM by

SUBSTANTIVE DEFINITION

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The substantive definition of a family is based both on blood or shared genetic heritage and law will socially recognize and affirm of bond including both marriage and adoption

CENSUS DEFINITION

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-19 18:19:53 UTC

It is one which identifies clear boundaries and allows to track who is related to whom overtime. _{A family is composed of a married or common law couple either opposite sex or same sex couple with or without children or alone parents but living with at least one child the same welling.}

EXTENDED FAMILY

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-19 18:23:34 UTC

That's many relatives in just one household so like uncles etc. all in one house

NUCLEAR FAMILY

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It is a family in which consists of a married couple and unmarried kids who live in the same house.

PRINCIPLE OF DESCENT

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The principle of descent assigns people into kinship groups according to the mother or the father's family, this includes:

In patrilineal descent it's only the father's relatives are important in terms of like property inheritance or even emotional times.
In matrilineal descent it's only when the mother's relatives are significant.

KINSHIP

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-19 18:26:05 UTC

Refers to the state of being related to others so the family in the skin group are not necessarily the same.
For instance your kin group could be your cousins who don't live with you; this is culturally learned not necessarily determined by biological ties.

MONOGAMY

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-19 18:30:43 UTC

Occurs when two people are married only to each other.

SERIAL MONOGAMY

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A person who has had many spouses but at one time.

For example: Elizabeth Taylor

POLYGAMY

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It is the idea of having several marriages simultaneously.

For example: practices among North America Mormons

TYPES OF POLYGAMY

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Polygyny: the marriage of a man to many women
Polyandry: which is a woman married to many men
Polyamory: when somebody has many partners but not marriage

FUNCTIONALIST

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- Focus on what society and their members right there.Sociologist William O’Byrne outlines six basic functions of the family:

REPRODUCTION

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It's during a family that we reproduce society.

PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION

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Family act as the primary agents of socialization.

PROTECTION

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Families provide protection from the rest of the world.

REGULATION OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR

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The family is the first and foremost agent to introduce us to sex and sexual behavior.

AFFECTION AND COMPANIONSHIP

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PROVISION OF SOCIAL STATUS

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The family that you're born into ends up defining your social status

FEMINIST THEORISTS

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Discusses family along gender line such as family decision made by men than women, distribution of roles within the family and so on.

CONFLICT THEORISTS

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Families can be seen as being a source of social inequality.
Frederick Engels said that "families play a large role in transferring our property privilege and reproducing social inequality".
Conflict theorist says that family the social class that we need to give us our socialization and this could be bad because it could actuate inequality.
Conflict theorists emphasize that social programs and policies that affect
families are largely shaped by powerful and wealthy segments of society

COURTSHIP

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Development of romantic relationship.

ENDOGAMY

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When people are expected to marry someone within own religious or ethnic groups.

EXOGAMY

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When people have the freedom to marry someone outside their own religious or ethnic groups.

INCEST TABOO

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(type of exogamy in Canada)
It means that individuals must marry outside of the nuclear family by law. Allows room for social acceptance.

HOMOGOMY

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Refers to the tendency to date someone that's exactly like yourself

SOCIAL DIFFERENCES

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-19 19:49:05 UTC

There's social class differences within families. In the 1950s poor and working class families were way more authoritarian with kids and middle class families were more permissive whereas now there maybe differences.

RACIAL AND ETHINIC DIFFERENCES

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The subordinate status of racial and ethnic minorities affects family lifestyle and formation.

DIVORCE

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Divorce rates increased in the late 196Os have decreased since the late 1980s and are on the rise again.
Men who are divorced often remarry whereas women stones and they often end up with child custody.
Effects: ower on measures of academic success, psychological adjustment, self-concept, social competence, and long-term health and that they have higher levels of aggressive behavior and depression.

FAMILY VIOLENCE

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-19 20:03:46 UTC

One is most likely to be physically assaulted or killed at home.
The most common types of family violence are physical abuse sexual abuse and exploitation.
Indigenous women are at a high risk of experiencing domestic abuse.

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-19 20:04:23 UTC

Families are not always a source of comfort, there's an unexplored dark side, described below:

SEXUAL ORIENTATION

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Canada is one of the few countries that allows same-sex marriage.
The notion of homosexuality is culturally viewed differently ; sometimes an illness or crime.

COHABITATION

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A situation wherein couples choose to live together without being married.
Quebec is the most accepting province of such an arrangement.

NON-FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS

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A growing trend that allows individuals to follow the path of economic and overall self-independence.
<4% of Candians form part of the population

MARRIAGE WITHOUT CHILDREN

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-19 23:04:22 UTC

Due to the rising economic cost of raising children, more and more couples find it convenient to stay married and not have children.
The average cost of raising a child from birth to 18 years of age is about $164k

DUAL INCOME FAMILIES

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This refers to a family situation wherein both parents are engaged in economic activity.
Such a situation is widespread among married couples with childre.

SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-19 23:06:22 UTC

This refers to a family situation wherein only one of the parents is present as a caregiver.
In 2006, the single parent families accounted for 16%; out of which 80% were mothers.

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-20 00:21:58 UTC

It is concerned with how labels affect meaning and behavior. For example, when a noncustodial divorced parent is awarded “visitation” rights, he may view himself as a visitor in children’s lives.
Emphasizes on how family members, such as parents, grandparents, siblings, and spouses, are significant others who have a powerful effect on our self-concepts.

STATS ON OTHER FORMS OF ABUSE WITHIN FAMILY

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CHILD ABUSE

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Child abuse refers to the physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child’s welfare.
Common effect: Shaken Baby Syndrome
Other effects: depression, low academic achievement, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, eating disorders, obesity, teen pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, sexual promiscuity, low self-esteem,

ELDER ABUSE

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-20 00:30:48 UTC

It includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, financial abuse, and neglect. The most common form of elder abuse is neglect—failure to provide basic health and hygiene needs, such as clean

clothes, doctor visits, medication, and adequate nutrition.

PARENT AND SIBLING ABUSE

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These are explanatory terms and involve violence faced from parents and siblings within the family.

CULTURAL FACTORS

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These includeviolence in the media, gender inequality and gender socialization, and acceptance of corporal punishment.

COMMUNITY FACTORS

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These include social isolation and inaccessible or unaffordable community services, such as health care, day care, elder care, and respite care facilities.

INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY FACTORS

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These include a history of family violence, drug and alcohol abuse, and poverty.

PRIMARY

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Consists of family violence prevention strategies that

target the general population.

SECONDARY

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-20 00:40:47 UTC

Consists of family violence prevention strategies that target groups thought to be at high risk for family violence.

TERTIARY

jasleen122001 — 2020-10-20 00:40:50 UTC

Consists of gamily violence prevention strategies that target families who have experienced family violence.