Endocrine system pathology by KEYLA ROMAN

Addison disease

kr178278 — 2025-02-14 21:09:25 UTC

A disease in which the adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones. Symptoms tend to be non-specific and include nausea, darkening of the skin , and dizziness. Treatment involves taking hormones to replace those not produced by the adrenal glands. They should avoid high in sugar food and saturated fat . Most people with this condition live a normal lifespan and are able to live an active life.

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Cushing disease

kr178278 — 2025-02-14 21:36:05 UTC

Crushing disease is condition caused by excess cortisol production. It often results from a tumor in the pituitary gland, which overstimulates the adrenal glands. Symptoms include weight gain , high blood pressure, and a round face. If it’s left untreated it can lead to diabetes and life-threatening complications. Treatment options include medication, surgery , and radiation therapy.

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Grave disease

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 18:03:55 UTC

This disease is a serious illness that poses a significant threat to a person’s health. It requires immediate medical attention and long-term treatment. This disease can impact multiple organs and severely affect the quality of life. Early diagnosis can help mange or even cure the condition. In some cases despite advancements in medicine , certain grave diseases remain incurable and require palliative care.

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Hashimoto disease

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 18:10:31 UTC

This disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland. The immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing hypothyroidism. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain , depression, and cold sensitivity. It is diagnosed through blood tests measuring thyroid hormone. The treatment usually involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy to mange symptoms.

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Gigantism

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 18:15:47 UTC

This is a rare condition caused by excessive growth hormone production during childhood. It is usually due to a pituitary gland tumor. The symptoms include abnormal height , and facial changes. If it’s untreated it can lead to serious health issues like heart problems. The treatments options included surgery or medication.

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Dwarfism

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 18:54:25 UTC

This condition characterized by short stature, usually under 4 feet in adults. It is often caused by genetic mutations with achondroplasia being the most common type. People with dwarfism may have normal intelligence and lifespans. There treatment focuses on managing symptoms but there’s no cure for most forms. Many individuals with dwarfism lead successful and fulfilling lives in various fields.

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Prolactinoma

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 19:10:04 UTC

Is a tumor of the pituitary gland that produces excessive amounts of the hormone. Elevated prolactin levels can lead to symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods in woman and erectile dysfunction in men. Common symptoms include infertility, decreased libido and in woman , unexpected breast milk production. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure prolactin levels and imaging studies. Treatment often includes medication called dopamine agonists to reduce prolactin levels.

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Thyroid cancer

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 19:10:35 UTC

This originates in the thyroid gland which regulates metabolism and heart rate. Common symptoms include a neck lump , voice changes , and certain genetic conditions. Diagnosis involves physical examination and biopsies. Treatment options range from surgery and radioactive iodine therapy to hormone therapy and radiation.

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Goiter

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 19:10:48 UTC

This is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland , located at the base of the neck. Common causes include iodine e deficiency, autoimmune diseases or hashimotos thyroiditis. Symptoms may involve visible neck swelling , a tight feeling in the throat, and coughing. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination , hormone level test and imaging studies. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include observation.

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Hypothyroidism

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 19:11:01 UTC

This is a condition where thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones , leading to a slowdown in bodily function. Common symptoms include fatigue and cold intolerances. It can result from autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Diagnosis involves blood tests measuring thyroid stimulating hormone. Treatment typically includes daily use of synthetic hormones.

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Hyperthyroidism

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 19:11:13 UTC

This is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones. Common symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat , and increased appetite. The most prevalent cause is Graves’ disease. Diagnosis involves blood test to measure elevated thyroid. Treatment options include antithyroid , medications , and surgery.

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Diabetes mellitus type 1

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 19:11:30 UTC

This is a chronic autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin. This lead to elevated blood sugar levels causing symptoms like increased thirst. The exact cause is unknown but it involves a combination of genetic. Management requires lifelong insulin therapy. Without proper treatment, type one diabetes can lead to serious complications affecting the heart , eyes , nerves , and kidneys.

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Diabetes mellitus type 2

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 19:11:49 UTC

This is a condition characterized by elevated blood sugar level due to the body’s ineffective use of insulin. Common symptoms include increased fatigue and blurred vision. Risk factors encompass obesity and family history. Early detection and complications like heart disease.

PCOS

kr178278 — 2025-02-18 19:11:56 UTC

This is a common hormonal disorder affecting up to 10% of woman of reproductive age. Symptoms include irregular menstrual periods and acne. The exact cause is unknown. While there’s no cure, lifestyle changes and medication can help manage symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to reduce the risk of long term complications.

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