landscape painting is a view of natural scenery. which conises of trees,water,viberant colors, mountain ranges,animals and plant life

_{Born: 1386, Florence, Italy}

_{Died: December 13, 1466 (age 80 years), Republic of Florence}

_{Donatello was one of greatest Italian Renaissance artists, noted especially for his sculptures in marble, bronze, and wood. His sculpted figures were some of the first since antiquity to represent anatomy correctly—though some late works were slightly exaggerated—and to suggest a sense of individuality.}

_{Donatello is arguably the greatest Italian Renaissance sculptor. He revolutionised sculpture both through his inventive treatment of imagery, and his mastery of an extraordinary range of materials – including marble and stone, bronze, wood, terracotta and stucco as well as unusual mixed media.}

Jacob van Ruisdael, recognized as the leading Dutch landscape painter of the late 17th century, excelled in a diverse array of subjects, including waterfalls, dunes, woodlands, and expansive vistas. Born in Haarlem, a city renowned as the cradle of Northern landscape painting, he likely received his artistic training from his uncle, Salomon van Ruysdael, during the 1640s, subsequently refining his skills while traveling in Germany with his companion, Nicolaes Pietersz Berchem. By approximately 1657, he relocated to Amsterdam, where he would produce the majority of his oeuvre, comprising over 700 paintings, 100 drawings, and 13 prints. During his time in Amsterdam, he also mentored his most esteemed pupil, Meindert Hobbema, who sought to replicate Ruisdael’s expansive woodland compositions.

In his artistic creations, Ruisdael vividly portrayed the dynamic interplay between humanity and nature on a grand scale. The ambitious dimensions of the Art Institute’s Landscape with the Ruins of the Castle of Egmond exemplify his technique of infusing drama into his work. In this particular painting, Ruisdael lowers the horizon line, thereby accentuating the grandeur of the castle, which is set against a brooding sky. The encroaching greenery that envelops the ruins, along with the rising diagonal that frames the composition, positions nature as a formidable and uncontrollable force in contrast to humanity. This poignant meditation on the passage of time would have resonated with the affluent patrons of Amsterdam.

In a manner akin to his paintings, Ruisdael’s prints exhibit an enhanced sensitivity to light and shadow. In his etching titled The Little Bridge, the meticulous details of the individual blades of grass and the wooden slats of the house in the foreground are rendered with great care, while the background remains less defined. Ruisdael employs a generous application of line and avoids soft shadows, resulting in landscapes that are both precisely delineated and brilliantly illuminated. His paintings, along with his prints to a lesser extent, significantly influenced the works of notable landscape artists such as John Constable, Jean-François Millet, and Thomas Cole.

Leonardo mostly used black and white pigment as a way of studying shade and light. During his studies of light, he developed a technique known as chiaroscuro. (technique involves softening of paint)

In Leonardo de Vinci landscape drawings, and in the background of his painting, we see a profound understanding of the meaning in his drawings/painting.

Giovanni Bellini was considered to have revolutionized Venetian painting, moving it toward a more sensuous and colouristic style. Through the use of clear, slow-drying oil paints, Giovanni created deep, rich tints and detailed shadings.

It is stated that he was celebrated for his portrayal of natural light. Seen in such works as 'The Agony in the Garden', for his tender and graceful pictures of the Virgin and for his altarpieces.

ART/PAINTING TECHNIQUES-Claude Monet had a long career as an impressionist artist where he was one of the most consistent impressionists. Impressionism is a technique by small, thin, and visible brush strokes. Some of his famous paintings were: Impression, Sunrise-The Water Lily Pond-Poppies and many more. He influenced other painters and their ideas of outdoor painting. The term impressionism came from one of the titles of his paintings, Soleil Levant, which meant impression.

SIGNIFICANCE-Claude Monet was a key figure in the first Impressionism artwork which transformed French painting in the late 19th century. Monet was very consistent throughout his career and he led the way to the 20th century by developing a unique style that captures the canvas. Monet found art in his immediate surroundings, as he painted the people and places he knew best.

Turner would layered thin washes of color in his paintings to make his paintings stand out. He used light brushstrokes to make scenes look dynamic. Turner would use wet paint on wet paper for a light atmosphere. His approach to his artwork make is scenes feel real.

Turners landscape painting changes how other people like artist saw his artwork. He made his artwork make people feel his emotion in his pieces. Turner's pieces had a natural and industrial theme to it which would made it relevant to the time period.

He was born in Siena in 1284, but the uncertain information was told by Giorgio Vasari. Soon after 1317 he ws called to Assisi to fresco the chapel of Saint Martin in the basilica of San Francesco.

Martini was a artist who would paint in the style of gothic painting and most of his landscapes and other self portraits would be painted in that style.

an important exponent of Gothic painting who did more than any other artist to spread the influence of Sienese painting.

Friedrichs use of light, shadow, and perspective creates a dramatic and almost otherworldy atmosphere. Throughout his career he remained dedicated to exploring the spiritual dimensions. his works often includ symbolic elements, such as metaphors for human mortality and the passage of time. his work gained recognition in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

In 1790, Friedrich began to study art with Johann Gottfried Quistorp at the University of Greifswald, and literature and aesthetics with the Swedish professor Thomas Thorild. Thorild was interested in the contemporary English aesthetic, and taught Friedrich to distinguish between the spiritual 'inner eye' and the less favourable physical 'outer eye'. Friedrich entered the prestigious Academy of Copenhagen in 1794 where he studied under teachers such as Christian August Lorentzen and the landscape painter Jens Juel. These artists were inspired by the Sturm und Drang movement, and represented a midpoint between the dramatic intensity and expressive manner of the budding Romantic aesthetic and the by then waining neo-classical form. Mood was paramount, and influence was drawn from such sources as the Icelandic legend of Edda and Ossian, and Nordic folklore. A talented student, Friedrich began his education at the academy by making copies of casts from antique sculptures, before proceeding to drawing from life. He was keenly interested in seventeenth-century Dutch landscape painting, to which he had access at Copenhagen's Royal Picture Gallery.