Sociology: The Media by Katie b https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo The new media and its significance The role of the media Ownership and control of the media Globalisation and culture News selection and presentation Media representation of social groups The effects of the media on the audience en-us 2018-03-23 10:52:33 UTC 2025-11-02 16:31:21 UTC hello@padlet.com what is the new media? katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245390092 The new media is the digital forms of communication that delivers information on a mass scale]]> 2018-03-23 10:56:00 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245390092 The nature of the new media katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245390402 2018-03-23 10:57:10 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245390402 Characteristics of the new media: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245392199 2018-03-23 11:05:34 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245392199 katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245426862 2018-03-23 12:52:07 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245426862 Neophiliacs: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245428559 Curran and Seaton:
-Positive view of the media
-Recognise the benefits it may bring
-Believe it creates consumer choice and increased participation 
Boyle:
-Creates consumer choice in the telecommunication industry e.g. millions of apps 
Seaton:
-Promotes progressive politics

Evaluation:
+Provides consumer choice
+Promotes citizen participation in society 
- Seen as too naïve

]]> 2018-03-23 12:55:29 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245428559 Cultural Pessimists katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245432690 Keen:
-Views the media negatively 
-The internet is the "cult of the amateur"
-Reduces the quality of education 
-Concern over sources of information e.g. Wikipedia can be edited by anyone 
Jenkins:
-The media doesn't have the audiences interests at heart 
-Compete in order to gain profit
-Dominated by media cooperation's 
-E.g. amazon now does fresh produce

Evaluation:
+Addresses how ultimately the power is in the cooperation's control e.g. Facebook took down a photo of a women breast feeding but allowed skimpy bikini photos 
-Can be criticised as too negative as it doesn't address the positives of the media

]]> 2018-03-23 13:03:43 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245432690 Marxist: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245438385
  • Ruleing class won the majority of the media and use it to serve their own interests 
  • Media is a tool to maintain power and control 
  • Media is manipulated to control the ideas of the working class
  • Through ideological control the ruling class remain unchallenged 
  • Media socialises working class into accepting capitalism unchallenged 
  • Promotes “false class consciousness” (not aware of true position)
  • Media content distracts from problems made by capitalism instead it blames problems on the working class
  • Media is owned by a small few and reinforces dominant ideologies
  • Media owners have shared values and interests (cultural capital) 
  • New media is a continuation of old media
  • Owners decide what topics to cover
  • Those that work for the company support owners ideas or face being sanctioned because of this journalists publish articles that reflect companies ideas
  • Media is used to hide inequalities 
  • Used to persuade the public to support certain political and economic issues e.g. Iraq war media justified invasion by saying they were makeing weapons of destruction 

    • ]]>     2018-03-23 13:15:34 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/245438385     Revision link to ownership: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/246026647 https://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/sociology/mass-media-0/ownership-and-control-media]]> 2018-03-26 12:03:57 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/246026647 Evaluation: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/255957635 + Media companies do use it to further political/ economic interests e.g. media mogul Rupert Murdock influences media by his companies dithering conservative ideology 
    - Media sometimes highlights inequality 
    - Media reflects a range of view not just the ruleing class
    - Public is not passive e.g. citizen journalism were the public can be involved in creating the news ]]>     2018-04-27 11:11:59 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/255957635     Neo-Marxist katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266776974
  • The media generally reflects the view of the ruling class
  • Media owners exert a subtle influence rather than a direct influence as suggested by traditional Marxism  
  • Media owners rarley take a direct hands on approach
  • However they often influence the journalists and produces 
  • Gramsci - "hegemony" ideas of the ruling class are perceived as dominant and widely accepted 
  • Sometimes the media even challenges ruling class ideology, the majority of the media reinforces ruling class ideology
    • ]]>     2018-06-12 09:21:27 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266776974     Evaluation: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266799522 + More applicable to contemporary society, as it addresses that the media is complex and is more sophisticated in explaining how the capitalist systems presents challenges to the system
    + Owners and controllers of the media have a mutually benefiting relationship by negotiating core values, then the media mangers are allowed autonomy in reporting as long as they stay within the core values set.
    + Recognises that the class system is changeable and that there are different behaviours within classes E.g. The media highlights class conflict concerning areas like pro-Europe and anti-Europe upper class members]]>     2018-06-12 12:04:59 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266799522     The Pluralist approach: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266801746
  • There are a number of different  and competing views expressed by different owners of the media 
  • Competition between media companies creates a balanced range in the media, that reflects what the consumers of media want 
  • The agenda of the news is set by the demands of the wider public
  • Two different groups within the media: 
    • - Groups who seek financial gain/ promote social change
    - Groups who aimed at a narrow section of society E.g. Trade unions
    • Pluralists are optimistic that the media can represent both groups
    • Whale: A number of competing groups measure the views of the public E.g. in a survey which directly feeds into the programs availabl 
    ]]>     2018-06-12 12:17:54 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266801746     Evaluation: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266804195 + Many views can be seen in the wide range of channels available which reflect different tastes and interests 
    + The public have the power to decide what they watch, so if they disagree with a program they can find an alternative or ignore it 
    - Marxists criticise this view as they believe the public are brainwashed into believing that they have a choice
    - It's arguable how democratic the media actually is, as many people don't relate to what is in the media but have very little power to change it ]]>     2018-06-12 12:31:00 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266804195     Postmodernists: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266804564
  • Baudrillard: The media reflects characteristics of post modern society
  • We live in a media saturated society, the line between the media and reality is blurred 
  • We are bombarded with information that the truth is often hard to pick out
  • The media plays a key role in shaping and distorting peoples view of the world
  • This mean oftentimes the world we see through the media becomes real then actual reality, this is called "hyper-reality"
    • ]]>     2018-06-12 12:33:05 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266804564     Evaluation: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266805924 - Assumes that people absorb the media unquestioningly, however this is not true as many seek to avoid engaging with the media ]]> 2018-06-12 12:39:47 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266805924 Feminist approach: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266806145
  • Women are objectified in the media 
  • The majority of media owners are men, they perpetuate dominant patriachal values which further oppress women
    • ]]>     2018-06-12 12:40:59 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266806145     The BBC katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266806635
  • 38% of the media in the UK is owned by the BBC (the British Broadcasting Corporation) 
  • Funded by the public, often through TV licences 
    • Key characteristics of the BBC:
    1. There are no commercials 
    2. Intended for public benefit and therefore aims to educate E.g. educational documentaries like Blue planet
    3. Due to being funded by the public it must be transparent in how it is run E.g. how much it pays its workers
    4. Must be politically neutral (however it is arguable to what degree) 
    ]]>     2018-06-12 12:43:24 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266806635     Privately owned media companies: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266807605
  • Ultimate goal is to perusing profit 
  • No means politically neutral
  • Bagdikian: There has been a significant decrease in the number of media owners.
    • - In 1985 (USA) there were 50 major media companies
    -Now there are only the 'Big 5'
    • Media mogul Rupert Murdoch owns around 1/5 of all UK media
    ]]>     2018-06-12 12:48:22 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266807605     High culture: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266808785
  • Generally what is referred to as 'middle class culture' 
  • It includes;
    • - Classical music
    - Intellectually demanding books
    - Theater 
    - Art 
    • Often require abstract thought or relies on other knowledge to be understood 
    • High culture is often associated with a small elite group explored through the media
    • Marxists see 'High culture' to be an important part of cultural capital. As it requires understanding, in this way the elite bourgeoisie separate themselves from the working class 
    ]]>     2018-06-12 12:54:15 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266808785     Mass/ Popular culture: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266815585
  • Refers to large scale patterns of cultural practises in the media 
  • Storey: Mass media has key characteristics-
    • - Highly commercialised 
    -requires very little abstract thought
    -fast turn over
    • MacDonald: Critical of the mass media and argues it lacks depth and meaning so it may appeal to as many people as possible. By strengthening pop culture many other cultures are underrepresented
    • Strinati: Mass culture has much to offer. It is not a blanket phenomenon but has many different styles and tastes within in it.
    ]]>     2018-06-12 13:25:17 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266815585     Global culture: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266844375
  • Refers to the process where cultures around the world become increasingly similar as a result of globalisation. 
  • It is arguable due to global culture the distinction between mass and high culture isn't as significant. This can be seen in previously only the wealthy could travel and access foreign cultures, where as today due to the media a wide variety of cultures are available due to the amount of information available.
    • ]]>     2018-06-12 15:27:30 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266844375     What is the relationship between global culture and the media? katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266845301
  • Flew: Emerging forms of new media technology are central in developing global culture. Technology based media can be immediately transmitted to a global audience. He argues this has made cultural differences less pronounced.
    • Example:
    Big Brother is shown in 54 countries 
    • Fenton: Global media simply means western media, based on ruling class ideology. Arguing Western culture threatens to dominate over other local culture and calls this 'cultural imperialism.'
    Example:
    Fast food chains have now become a global phenomenon. This can be seen in how most Japanese families have KFC for Christmas dinner over local food.
    • Ritzer: Globalisation aims to increase profit through 'cultural homogenisation' undermining local practices. 
    • Pluralists are optimistic about global culture as they argue it allows individuals to pick and choose what they wish to engage in, resulting in a wider range of cultural diversity 
    • 'Cultural hybridisation' the combining pf elements of both local and global culture.
    Example:
    Indian Bollywood is a combination of the American Hollywood and Indian culture and actors.
    ]]>     2018-06-12 15:32:40 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266845301     The organisation of the media: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266849443 Galtung and Ruge: Journalists report on stories with the most 'news values' because it makes them more 'news worthy.'
    These include:
    • Frequency- Events that occur suddenly at convenient times
    • Negativity- Bad news is considered more news worthy as it generates greater interest
    • Reference to elite persons- Stories concerning rich or famous get more coverage E.g. Harry and Megan's Royal wedding  
    ]]>     2018-06-12 15:51:46 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266849443     The practical organisation of the media: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266850560 Deadlines: Traditional media is run on a tight system, stories need to meet deadlines in order to make it into print
    Audience: changes during they day ]]>     2018-06-12 15:57:28 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266850560     Link: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266851455 https://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/sociology/mass-media-0/social-construction-news]]> 2018-06-12 16:02:15 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266851455 Link katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266851760 https://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/sociology/mass-media-0/age-social-class-ethnicity-gender-sexuality-disability]]> 2018-06-12 16:03:58 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266851760 Age and the media: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266852846 Children:
    • Aries: 'Childhood' is a social construct, children in the middle ages where treated like mini adults. By the 1900's childhood was portrayed as a time of innocence 
    Teenagers: 
    • Wayne et al: Media symbolically criminalises teenagers by associating them with crime. They also rarely give them an opportunity to have their voice heard, only 1% new stores feature a teenagers opinion
    The Elderly: 
    • Williams and Ylanne: The elderly are underrepresented in the media. The most common representation of the elderly was to be in their 'golden years' or as the 'perfect grandparents.' Although negative representation was rare they found they were sometimes portrayed as 'incompetent'

    ]]>     2018-06-12 16:09:21 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266852846     Social class and the Media: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266858462 The working class:
    • News papers like the sun who are aimed at the working class tend to use simplistic language in comparison to those aimed at wealthier readers
    • TV programs that look at the working class tend to portray them as 'thuggish', stupid and deviant
    The middle class:
    • The middle class tends to be over represented in the media E.g. many families in TV shows are middle class
    • TV shows such as 'location, location, location' or 'escape to the country' are aimed at middle class views who maybe able to afford.
    • The middle class is often presented as well mannered, ambitious and respected members of society
    The upper class:
    • Altman: Coverage of the rich and famous has doubled since the 80's and national affairs coverage has dropped 10%
    Example:
    Princess Charlotte's birth was in the news papers for three weeks and received more coverage than the General election
    ]]>     2018-06-12 16:21:19 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266858462     Ethnic groups and the media: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266861907
  • Hall: The media links skin colour to human nature suggesting black and white people may be naturally different. The media is responsible for perpetuating racial stereotypes.
    • Example: 
    'Fresh of the boat' reinforces stereotypes of Asian immigrants
    • However it has arguably slowly started to change with more coverage of different ethnic and racial groups
    Example:
    -The release of Black panther an all black- African movie, which was also written and directed by a Black African man
    - TV shows like 'Blackish' and 'Adultish' follow the everyday life of a black family
    ]]>     2018-06-12 16:38:25 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266861907     Gender and the media katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266862837 Women:
    • Female sociologists consider the media to be 'male stream': made by, for and about men
    • Wolf: The media is responsible for perpetuating the 'beauty myth' as it shows magazines of 'perfect' women (photo shopped), so women are led to believe that beauty is necessary 
    Men:
    • Men are over represented in the media 
    • Connell: Argues the media promotes 'Hegemonic masculinity' 
    • Magazines like HQ focus on viewing women as sexual object (through the male gaze), this encourages men to have 'macho' interests, and those who don't are made to feel inferior 
    • Connell: There has been a shift in popular male celebrities E.g. David Beckham doesn't fit the traditional masculine stereotype as he takes care in his appearance and is into fashion - men are more 'metrosexual'
    ]]>     2018-06-12 16:44:16 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266862837     Sexuality and the media: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266883770
  • The media portrays anything that isn't traditional masculinity as inferior (homosexuality and femininity)
  • Batchelor and Kitzinger: There a three main portrayals of sexuality in the media-
    • -News papers: focus on sex crimes and teenage pregnancy
    -Youth magazines: Boys- titilation, Girls- sexual health issues
    -Television: focuses on the pleasure of sex
    ]]>     2018-06-12 18:41:14 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266883770     Disability and the media: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266885973
  • Barnes: The media promote 'disabilist imagery' through harmful stereotypes
  • The media recently tried to portray those with disability as normal, this is harmful as it doesn't raise awareness of the disabling society is to those with impairments.
  • Most 'disabled' people in the media are; male, white, straight and between 25-30 
    • Example:
    'Me before you' -movie
    ]]>     2018-06-12 18:57:14 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266885973     Hypodermic syringe model: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266888442
  • The media acts in the same way a hypodermic syringe does; the media is capable of injecting ideas into peoples minds
  • The audience is passive and the media has a direct powerful influence on society
    • Example:
    Jamie Bulger case:
    -Watch 'child play 3' (horror movie)
    -Copy cat torture methods
    ]]>     2018-06-12 19:15:08 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266888442     Evaluation: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266890261 - Heavily criticised for being over simplistic, as different groups may be affected in different ways
    -Many people watch horror movies and yet don't murder people
    Neo- Marxist:
    The hypodermic model fails to question who has control over the media
    The selective filter model:
    Klapper: The audience has a choice over whether they are affected or not. They criticise that the hypodermic model as not all will be directly affected by all the media]]>     2018-06-12 19:30:52 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266890261     Two-step flow model: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266891345
  • It recognises that individuals are not necessarily affected by the media directly
  • Katz and Lazarfeild: The audience develops and opinion but are affected by 'opinion leaders' 
  • Acknowledges that the audience isn't totally passive, rather affected by their social interactions
    • ]]>     2018-06-12 19:40:19 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266891345     The uses and gratification model: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266891699
  • Functionalist model 
  • Argues the media affects the audience by meeting peoples individual needs. 
  • The audience is active
  • Choose what they want to experience E.g. elderly may more likely to use the media for current affairs 

    • ]]>     2018-06-12 19:43:11 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266891699     Feminists: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266892138
  • Argues the uses and gratifications model is too idealistic
  • Media content is written by men which portrays patriarchal ideology which then infiltrates our beliefs making it seem normal
    • ]]>     2018-06-12 19:47:45 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266892138     Cultural effects model: katiebie33 https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266892307
  • Audience is not a homogeneous group
  • Media is a powerful tool for transmitting capitalist ideology and maintaining a false consciousness over society
  • It encourages the idea that social inequality is natural, to prevent the proletariat from realising they are being exploited
  • Media has a 'drip,drip' effect, this is why children seem more content with simple things, we are socialised into believing we need consumerism to fulfil our needs
    • ]]>     2018-06-12 19:49:29 UTC https://padlet.com/katiebie33/8bkoj5r9paxo/wish/266892307