Consistent difficulty naming familiar and everyday objects;

Using vague words like thing;

Struggling to come up with the right word;

Trouble following or remembering multistep directions;

Difficulty reciting things in the right order (like the alphabet or nursery rhymes); and

Mixing up the sounds in multisyllabic words (“mazagine” instead of “magazine” or “cimmanom” instead of “cinnamon”).

Problems reading and/or writing

Problems with math

Poor memory

Problems paying attention

Trouble following directions

Clumsiness

Trouble telling time

Problems staying organized¹

Closed captions

Speech-to-text and text-to-speech

Offer a choice chart to help when they are unsure of how to respond

Add gestures to reinforce communication

Highlight keywords throughout the instruction

Use communication charts

Add images to words

Pair ELL students with a bilingual student

Give students a language toolbox with vocabulary, images, phrases

Use a microphone so students can hear the nuances and proper enunciation.

break learning into small steps; take instruction slowly ensuring students have enough time to ask questions and get help

administer probes; ask students questions

supply regular, quality feedback; where they did good and where they can improve

use diagrams, graphics, and pictures to augment what they say in words; images can help convey meaning better than words and can be easier to grasp if students have trouble reading

provide ample independent, well-designed intensive practice;

model instructional practices that they want students to follow; provide model work so students know what is expected of them

provide prompts of strategies to use; and

engage students in process-type questions like “How is the strategy working? Where else might you apply it?”

Treatment of medical complications.

General preventive medical care.

Treatment of co-morbid medical and mental health conditions.

Treatment of challenging behaviors.

Rehabilitation services.

Early intervention (infants and toddlers).

Special education.

Family support (for example, respite care support groups for families).

Transition services from childhood to adulthood.

Vocational programs.

Day programs for adults.

Housing and residential options.

Case management.