Please provide your answers by Usic https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j What was Bernstein’s study specifically focusing on? What does restricted code mean? Provide an example. What does elaborated code mean? Provide an example. According to Bernstein, which code of speech prepares students for the demands of academic education systems? Explain your answer. How is Bernstein’s theory related to debates on ‘cultural reproduction’ and ‘cultural capital’? What are some of the criticisms of Bernstein’s findings? en-us 2022-01-19 10:45:55 UTC 2022-01-19 11:31:20 UTC hello@padlet.com G3 mli158 https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j/wish/2000123331 1）Children of different social classes develop different codes in their early life, or the way they speak, that affects their future experiences at school.

2) . What does the restriction code mean? for example.

Restricted code is the language code of insiders who share a common assumption and understanding of the topic, and in restricted code the speaker leverages background knowledge and consensus. This type of code creates a sense of inclusion, a sense of belonging to a group. Restriction codes can be found among friends and family and other closely related groups.
Restricted codes are less formal, with shorter phrases inserted in the middle or end of a thought to confirm understanding. For example, "You know", "You know what I mean", "Right?" "Don't you think?

3). What does the detailed code mean? for example.

Detailed code refers to detailed code that does not assume that the audience also has these assumptions or understanding, so the detailed code is more explicit and thorough, and does not require the audience to read between the lines. Detailed code can be "self-contained", complete and full of detail, and understandable by most overheard conversations. Well-designed code has longer, more complex sentence structures, using uncommon words and ideas. There is no padding or padding in well-designed code, just complete, well-laid-out ideas that provide the necessary details without prior knowledge from the audience.

4）Well-designed code prepares students for the academic education system, as more detailed language codes are always better understood.]]> 2022-01-19 11:04:36 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j/wish/2000123331 Group 2 https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j/wish/2000125225 1. What was Bernstein’s study specifically focusing on? 

Language codes and forms of speech aqcuired by children in different social classes that affect their school experiences.

2. What does restricted code mean? Provide an example.

It is a type of speech tied to its cultural setting. It is an implicit way of communication based on the assumption that you have background knowledge of a topic. It is first introduced to children by their parents, by which they are given rewards or punishments to correct their behaviour. This use of restricted code does not bode well for the communication of more abstract ideas, rather it is only of use to convey practical experience.

3. What does elaborated code mean? Provide an example. 

Elaborated code is a style of speaking in which the meanings of words can be individualized to suit the demands of particular situations. Working class parents lacking the use of elaborated code would state claims such as "no more sweets for you!" without further explanation to their child on the reason why that is such, compared to middle class parents who are more likely to explain why candy is bad to their child. Their child then develops a deeper understanding of things and "inherits" elaborated code.

4. According to Bernstein, which code of speech prepares students for the demands of academic education systems? Explain your answer. 

He claims that children with elaborated codes of speech are more eqquiped to deal with the demands of academic education systems than those with restricted codes. The way in which restricted code users communicate clashes with the academic culture of schools and its environment. 

5. How is Bernstein’s theory related to debates on ‘cultural reproduction’ and ‘cultural capital’? 



6. What are some of the criticisms of Bernstein’s findings?

He takes the middle class codes to be superior, and the theory of language codes is not supported by enough empirical research to be accepted, it does not tell much of reality inside schools. 



]]> 2022-01-19 11:06:01 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j/wish/2000125225 G4 https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j/wish/2000137967 1. why working class kids' academic performance are not as good as middle class kids.

2 order their kids to do something without explanation, reasoning.

Eg. you are not allowed to have boyfriends or girlfriends before 18

do not argue against the elders, what they said are all correct

.The restricted code is suitable for insiders who share assumptions and understanding on the topic. Within the restricted code, speakers draw on background knowledge and shared understanding. This type of code creates a sense of inclusion, a feeling of belonging to a certain group. Restricted codes can be found among friends and families and other intimately knit groups.For example, “you know”, “you know what I mean”, “right?” and “don't you think?”


3 Elaborate code is a style of speaking in which the meaning of words can be individualised to suit the demands of particular situations.

Eg you should eat by yourself because you have to survive when your parents are not around you

Say thank you if someone helps you because, it will make both of you feel warm, and the world will be more kind-hearted

4 elaborated code provide kids with better academic performance because, they can better blend in the class, as most teachers are middle class and they will perform in a elaborated-code way.

5 What parents react to kids when dealing with a problem, will affect how the kids will trade their future kids and that is cultural reproduction.
The tuition for extra class, piano classes, beautiful clothes, taking them to museum that kids have a good sense of beauty are the cultural capital.

6 Berstein take middle class to be superior, so the theory is the elite one]]> 2022-01-19 11:14:45 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j/wish/2000137967 Group5 https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j/wish/2000145592 1.a style of language use associated with informal situations, characterized by linguistic predictability and by its dependence on the external context and on the shared knowledge and experience of the participants for conveying meaning. Compare code
2.The language codes and forms acquired by children of different social classes that influence their school experience.
3.a way of talking which is explicit and does not assume that the listener shares the same assumptions and understandings as the speaker.







]]> 2022-01-19 11:20:04 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j/wish/2000145592 Group 1 https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j/wish/2000148274 - Bernstein's theory advocates the idea that the educational system encourages inequality is social relations. He asserts a direct relationship between societal class and language and he introduced the concept of restricted and elaborated language codes.The different between different class children in school. They have different code and what difference might he have made.
- A restricted code contains a vast potential of meanings. It is a form of speech which symbolizes a communally based culture. It carries its own aesthetic. It should not be disvalued. It shows how the language people use in everyday conversation both reflects and shapes the assumptions of a certain social group. 
ex.  Restricted codes can be found among friends and families and other intimately knit groups. The language shows a sense of belonging and understanding to a certain group. 
- A style of language use associated with formal situations and characterized by explicitness, lack of dependence on the external context, syntactic complexity, and individuality of expression. 
ex. In an elaborated code the speaker does not assume that the listener related to the conversation therefore words of affirmations like "you know right" or "you know what I mean" are used more often. 
-  Lower class children are more likely to speak in a restricted speech code. Research shows that low income was related to the restricted speech code. children of working-class parents tend to be more passive; less engaged in the world around them and have a more limited vocabulary. Children from middle-class households had a wider vocabulary, better understanding of how to talk to other people and were more skilled at manipulating objects. Therefore in this case in terms of fulfilling the demands of the educational system it is important to speak using the elaborated code to better suit the demands of any particular situation. However, the restricted code can also be beneficial to teaching kids because it is clearer and easier to generalize and express abstract concepts in ways that children can understand and follow using this language code. 
-   Cultural capital and cultural reproduction will teach children to restricted language codes that allows them to be characterized by their specific home or environment. 
- He assumes that the working class speak in restricted and the middle class speak in elaborated which isn't always the case. He fails to recognize the diversity of speech.]]> 2022-01-19 11:21:57 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/89udxdbxrqm7317j/wish/2000148274