Timeline by Annemarie Duggan

Korematsu VS. United States- 1942

aduggan10 — 2023-12-15 16:09:39 UTC

In 1942, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the United States government required Japanese Americans to move into camps. Fred Korematsu chose to stay instead and he was arrested, violating his 5th Amendment of due process. The court later ruled that the evacuation order violated by Korematsu was valid, finding that the order was fair because it was a time of war. The case negatively impacted liberty, rights, and equality.

Miranda VS. Arizona- 1963

aduggan10 — 2023-12-15 21:35:02 UTC

On March 13th, 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested for being accused of kidnap and rape. Later on, the police obtained a letter and the officers admitted they had not advised Miranda of his right to an attorney, violating his 5th Amendment to self-incrimination. The jury found him guilty. The Supreme Court found him guilty but the interrogation was a violation of their rights. The case negatively impacted their rights but positively protected victims from their rights and opportunities.

Tinker VS. Des Moines- 1965

aduggan10 — 2023-12-18 16:07:41 UTC

In December of 1965 in Des Moines, Tinker and Eckhardt wore black armbands to show they wanted peace for the Vietnam War. Later the school bands and said if they refused to take them off, they would be suspended. Tinker and Eckhardt were both suspended and their parents sued the school for violating their 1st amendment rights to free exercise. The Court ruled that they have the right to wear their armbands. Not allowing students to exercise what they believe in is a violation of their freedom, rights, and equality.

New Jersey VS. TLO- 1985

aduggan10 — 2023-12-18 16:27:16 UTC

A fourteen-year-old female student was caught smoking with another girl in the girl's restroom. The administrator questioned both of the girls and TLO denied any allegations and the teacher demanded to see her purse finding cigarettes, rolling paper, and names of the students that owe her money when she later confessed. She thought that it was a violation of her 4th amendment for search and seizure. The Court ended up siding with the school and said that it did not violate her rights because they had a strong reason to. This positively impacted the school to prevent unfair rights in school.

Bethel School District VS. Fraser- 1983

aduggan10 — 2023-12-18 16:40:21 UTC

In April of 1983, Matthew Fraser gave a speech in school for a student in his class which referred to many sexual references. Beforehand, the teachers warned him not to, and as a punishment, they suspended him and he was not allowed to give a graduation speech. He argued that the schools violated his right to freedom of speech. The Court ruled that it did not violate his 1st amendment right because schools should not have to tolerate "lewd and obscene speech." The negatively impacted the student because it prevented them from their right to freedom of speech.

Mapp VS. Ohio- 1961

aduggan10 — 2023-12-18 16:46:24 UTC

In 1961, Cleveland police searched Pollree Mapp's house without a warrant because they thought she was harboring a suspected bomber. During the search, they found obscene pictures and she was arrested but argued that it was a violation of her 4th amendment to search and seizures. The court ruled that the evidence was seized unlawfully without a warrant and that it could be used in court. This negatively impacted her rights and liberty.

Vernonia VS. Acton- 1995

aduggan10 — 2023-12-19 04:08:03 UTC

When school investigators found in Vernonia District that student-athletes were doing drugs, the school adopted a drug test policy that the school was allowed to do random drug testing if they were suspected of using them. James Acton was found to be using drugs and was no longer allowed to participate in school football because his parents did not consent to the testing. They argued that it violated their 4th amendment right of search and seizure. The Court ruled that it did not violate their rights because it protects the students and does not override their safety. This negatively impacts the students of their rights to participate in sports.

Hazelwood School District VS. Kuhlmerier- 1987

aduggan10 — 2023-12-19 04:35:01 UTC

A school-sponsored newspaper at Hazelwood East High School that was written and edited by a student. The principal of the school read those pages of the newspaper that had inappropriate topics about teen pregnancy and divorce. They claimed that it was a violation of their 1st amendment right to freedom of speech. The court ruled to restrain school-sponsored expression. This positively impacts the school because they can prevent any harsh topics or language.

Mahanoy Area High School VS. B.L.-2021

aduggan10 — 2023-12-19 16:04:00 UTC

B.L. tried out for cheerleading and made the junior varsity team instead of varsity. After school, she posted a picture with a caption that violated the school and conduct, so the coached said she was not allowed to be on the team for at least a year. They argued that it was a violation of her 1st amendment right to freedom of speech. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of B.L. because she had the right to post whatever she wanted outside of school hours. This positively impacts the girl because she deserves to have rights and freedom.

Furman VS. Georgia- 1969

aduggan10 — 2023-12-19 16:12:11 UTC

In 1969, William Henry Furman was convicted of murder in Georgia. Furman said that it was unconstitutional and that it was discriminating against him because he is a person of color. His case was brought to court by the Supreme Court in 1972. The case was on whether or not it was a violation of his 14th Amendment to life, liberty, and happiness. The Court ruled that the punishment was cruel and unusual and to be sentence to death became illegal in 1976. This naturally impacts courts and people as now the health penalty is allowed.

Gregg VS. Georgia- 1976

aduggan10 — 2023-12-19 16:20:58 UTC

On December 11, 1976, Troy, Leon Gregg was sentenced to death for murdering two people. Gregg was the first person ever to receive the death penalty. The night before he was sentenced, he escaped from prison. The Court was trying to decide if the Judicial Branch was violating its rights to the 8th (imposing cruel and unusual punishments) and 14th (right to life liberty and happiness) amendments. The Court ruled that it was the death penalty was correct for what he did. This positively impacts the Court and others to their freedom of being able to live.

Ingraham VS. Wright- 1970

aduggan10 — 2023-12-19 16:28:27 UTC

In 1970, James Ingrid was an 8th grade student in Florida when during class he and a few other students were misbehaving. They were sent down to the principal who aggressively paddled them multiple times. Ingraham's mother filed a report against the principal for violating his right to cruel and unusual punishment. The Court ruled in favor of the school system because they agreed that the proportionality and due process rights for students are determined by the school. This negatively impacted students who were at the school because they were being violated of their rights of opportunity and freedom.

McDonald VS. Chicago- 2010

aduggan10 — 2023-12-19 16:39:52 UTC

In 2010, several suits were filled about gun control in Chicago and Oak Park. In that case, the Supreme Court held that a District of Columbia handgun ban violated the Second Amendment. They questioned if the Second (the right to keep and bear arms) and Fourteenth (Due Process) Amendment was violated. The Court ruled in favor of McDonald which meant the Court thought that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment extends the Second Amendment's right to keep and bear arms to the states, at least for traditional, lawful purposes such as self-defense. The positively impacts the rights of the citizens of Chicago to own guns and bear arms for protection of their rights.

Brown VS. Board of Education- 1954

aduggan10 — 2023-12-20 16:12:45 UTC

On May 17, 1954, United States Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. They argued that the segregation of public schools violated the 14th Amendment. The Court ruled saying that it was a violation of their rights to the 14th amendment. This positively impacts the people of color who want to go to Brown.

Engel VS. Vitale- 1962

aduggan10 — 2023-12-20 16:24:03 UTC

The New York State Board of Regents hosted a quick [prayer in the school. A small group of individuals decided not pray and challenged the idea because it was a violation of their 1st amendment right being forced to participate in a religion. The Court sided with the students because they also believed that it was a violation of their rights. This positively impacts the students because they should not be forced to participate in a religion they should not be in.