Type of energy which moves from hotter objects to cooler objects

Average amount of kinetic energy that a substance contains

Theory that all matter is made of moving particles

When potential energy between particles either increases or decreases, but kinetic energy stays the same.

Units used to measure amount of heat energy

Energy of movement

Stored energy

Amount of heat energy required to heat 1kg of a substance by 1 degree.

Amount of heat energy required to change state.

Temperature at which particles within matter stop moving, -273 degrees K

Heat transfer in particles within a solid.

Heat transfer in fluids, where heated particles expand, become less dense and rise.

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves - particles not needed

Cycle where warmed particles in fluids expand, become less dense and rise, while cooler particles are more dense and sink.

Heat energy radiating off hot objects

Material that conducts/transfers heat well.

Material that does not conduct/transfer heat well.

Mechanical wave where particles move perpendicularly to the direction of energy movement.

Mechanical wave where particles move parallel to the direction of energy movement.

Area of high particle density in a longitudinal wave.

Area of low particle density in a longitudinal wave.

Number of waves which pass a given point in a given unit of time.

Height from mean position to the crest of a wave.

The distance from crest to crest in a wave (or like position to like position)

How high or low a sound is - the higher the wave frequency, the higher the pitch of the sound.

Standard unit for frequency - one wave cycle per second.

Maximum displacement of particles in a wave above the mean position.

Maximum displacement of particles in a wave below the mean position.

Position of particles in a wave at rest.

Longitudinal mechanical wave which transfers sound energy through particles.

How fast sound travels - approximately 340m/s

The transmission of high frequency sound pulses which hit objects under water that reflect some of the sound waves back to the source.

a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes.

Absence of matter/particles

Technique used by bats, whales and dolphins where they locate objects using high frequency sound waves and their echoes.

The reflection of sound waves

Sound waves per unit area.

Unit of measurement for intensity of sound

Snail shaped part of the inner ear containing fluid and hairs which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy (nerve impulses)

Tunnel shaped part of outer ear which leads to the ear drum/tympanic membrane

AKA tympanic membrane, converts sound energy into mechanical energy

AKA pinna, funnel shaped part of outer ear which funnels sound waves into the ear canal

3 circular tubes containing fluid which allow the body to detect where it is in 3D space.

Nerve which carries nerve impulses from the cochlea to the brain.

The 3 bones of the middle ear, smallest bones in the body - incus, stapes and malleus.

Spectrum of energy waves which don't require matter to be transferred through - in order from largest to smallest wavelength.

Waves with relatively large wavelengths used for communication - cannot be seen by eyes.

Waves with a wavelength just longer than visible light - used in thermal imaging - cannot be seen by eyes

Waves with a wavelength which can be detected by the eye - light we can see

Waves with a wavelength just shorter than visible light - cannot be seen by eyes, can cause sunburn.

Waves with a shorter wavelength than UV radiation, can be used for medical imaging. Cannot be seen by eyes

Waves with a very short wavelength - shorter than X-rays. Can be used for as a treatment for cancer. Cannot be seen by eyes.

An object / material which produces its own light

Material which allows all light to transfer through it.

Material which allows some light to transfer through it but also absorbs some light.

Material which absorbs all light, not allowing light to transfer through it.

When light is reflected off an uneven surface spreading light in a variety of directions

Reflection

When a material reflects light back towards its source.

Plane Mirror

A flat mirror which reflects light

Convex

referring to a mirror or lens where the surface bulges outwards towards the light source.

Concave

referring to a mirror or lens where the surface curves inwards away from the light source.