Civil War and Reconstruction Padlet by Kaela Mathis

Battle of Fort Sumter, 1861

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:12:44 UTC

Fort Sumter is an island fort located in the middle of Charleston Harbor. It was originally a federal possession located in Confederate South Carolina. Because of the tensions with the Union, South Carolinians cut off supply lines from the North to the fort. This resulted in Lincoln sending provisions, however, the South started firing on Union suppliers. On April 12, 1861, the Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter. Because of that, the Union was forced to surrender and this would mark the official start of the Civil War. It would later become the bloodiest battle in American history.

Battle of Antietam, 1862

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:27:48 UTC

During the American Civil War, the Union army would obtain a strategic victory against the Confederacy. The Battle of Antietam took place in September, 1862 at Antietam creek in Maryland. The war was a result of the North being against slavery and the South being for slavery. This would divide America into two factions, the Confederacy representing the South and the Union representing the North. During this time, Abraham Lincoln was the U.S. President, tasking General Grant as commander. Both Abraham Lincoln and Union General Grant came up with strategic tactics that led to their victory. The war resulted in over 22,000 fatalities, making the Battle of Antietam to be one of the bloodiest battles.

Battle of Vicksburg, 1863

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:29:32 UTC

The Battle of Vicksburg, also known as Siege of Vicksburg, lasted from May to July of 1863. In May, General Grant and his army would enter Vicksburg. Vicksburg is a city located in the Mississippi territory, meaning if the Union was successful, they would be able to control the Mississippi River. Because of that, Grant’s goal was to capture Vicksburg, but he and his men were met by Confederate forces. Under the leadership of General Grant, the Union was able to gain control of Mississippi. The battle resulted in over 37,000 deaths, over 32,000 being Confederates and over 4,900 being those of the Union. After capturing Vicksburg, General Grant tasked General William Tecumseh Sherman to capture Atlanta, which would be known as the Atlanta Campaign of 1864.

Battle of Gettysburg, 1863

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:30:14 UTC

Taking place in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, a three-day battle was fought between the Union and the Confederacy. The Confederacy was led by General Robert E. Lee and the Union is led by General George G. Meade. On July 1st, the Confederacy and the Union clashed as both sides were in search of supplies. The Confederacy won against the Union during the clash. But on Day 2, the Union Army returned with reinforcements, resulting in an even bloodier collision. On Day 3, the Union retaliated by utilizing artillery fire and weaponry, achieving their victory. The engagement caused approximately over 51,000 deaths with the deaths of both sides nearly tying.

Atlanta campaign, 1864

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:30:59 UTC

The Atlanta Campaign was led by William T. Sherman. In this campaign there were several series of battles that took place. One of the most important battles that took place was the March to the Sea. The purpose of this campaign was to march throughout the southern states and damage their confederate forces. In order to cause this, there were different types of strategies that took place. Two of the most important strategies that were used were to destroy their resources and to weaken their amount of supplies. Although they did not destroy Atlanta, they still caused major damage to the town. Atlanta was captured on September 2, 1864. After they successfully captured Atlanta they moved onto the south.

A Map of Sherman's March to the Sea, 1864

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:32:09 UTC

Sherman's march to the sea took place in November and December of 1864. This event was a military strategy created by William Tecumseh Sherman. The purpose of this event was to daunt the Confederate army's. This event contributed to the Confederate army's defeat. Sherman and his soldiers traveled from Atlanta to Savannah Georgia. They damaged many railroads, structures, and more. The use of Sherman's strategy to destroy useful information and items contributed to this victory.

Surrender At Appomattox Courthouse, 1865

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:34:50 UTC

The Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse took place in April, 1865. This event officially ended the Civil war, ending in the Union's defeating the Confederate army. Robert E. Lee was the general of the confederacy and he surrendered his military force to General Ulysses S. Grant (general of the Union Army). The meeting took place in Wilmer Mclean's residence. In an effort to make ammends, General Grant was lineint in allowing the confederate personnel to return home. He decided not to confiscate their horses and firearms. This was the event that fostered the end of the Civil War.

A Map of The Anaconda Plan, 1861

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:35:38 UTC

The Anaconda Plan was the Union’s military strategy proposed by General Winfield Scott. The idea was that the North would lean on its naval leverages to blockade Southern ports. Additionally, the Union would control the Mississippi River, which in turn would split the Confederacy in half. The Union’s attack would cut off valuable imported supplies and exports that the South would have needed. This would weaken the Confederacy’s economic and diplomatic disadvantages. The name “Anaconda” Plan was Winfield portraying how the Confederate states are being strangled as their imports and exports will be cut off. This would serve as a representation of the Union being the predator, crushing the Confederacy as its prey.

Cotton Diplomacy, 1861

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:36:36 UTC

The Cotton Diplomacy refers to the Confederacy’s strategy against the Union. Because the southern states are recognized for agricultural stability and efficiency. At the time, cotton was the most demanded crop. And in attempts to have Britain and France fight for the Confederacy, the Confederates tried pursuing British forces with their cotton. This would also be known as King Cotton. However, there were other nations that produced further more cotton than southern states. The discovery of India and Egypt’s production of cotton, European powers declined to help.

Confiscation Acts, 1861

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:38:57 UTC

The Confiscation acts were created in 1861. The Confiscation Acts are a series of laws passed by Congress. The main purpose of these laws were for societal reform. The main issue adressed was slavery and enslaved people. The 1st Confiscation Act stated that all slaves serving in the Confederate Army would be considered held captive, and it stated that they must be freed. The second confiscation act was more assertive with the issue of slavery. It stated that slaves of any extent would be freed. The acts heavily inacted emancipation.

Emancipation Proclaimation, 1863

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:41:10 UTC

On January 1, 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was issued and signed by former President Abraham Lincoln. It was a military strategy in which bolstered the Union against the Confederacy. One of the things it has done was freeing Confederate enslaved people. In turn, former enslaved folks from the South would fight for the Union. In spite of freeing Confederate former enslaves, he did not free enslaved folks from states he had the authority to do so. Moreover, it prevented European powers intervention to aid the Confederacy. Considering the conflict between the North and South was issuing slavery, the British had just recently abolished slavery and because of that, they did not want to enter affairs with the Confederacy.

Habeas Corpus, 1863

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:44:10 UTC

The habeas corpus was put into place between Philadelphia and Washington D.C because of the railroads that were connected. Lincoln did not approve of the habeas corpus that took place so as a result he ended up suspending it. The habeas corpus was a mandated court order for individuals who were in prison to be able to be present in the courtroom to testify their innocence. But Lincoln ended up suspending it because of the fact that it would be against the border state of Maryland. Additionally, this precept protected a person's rights to injust incarceration or punishment. This asserted that all cases and people must be brought before a court and a judge. This decision was contentious due to the fact that it left out the usual due process.

Draft riots, 1863

vdangd — 2023-12-04 19:44:51 UTC

The New York Draft Riots took place in 1863. The whole situation was a series of protests. The start of the draft riots had a huge spark after Lincoln's government went ahead and passed the Conscription Act. This act was put into place in order to require men to serve the Army. Many citizens did not agree with this new act that was put in place which caused widespread of violence and anger. Due to the anger, attacks started to take place in the city, government buildings, and military bases. The riots also were targeted towards African American citizens and as well as white women who were married to African Americans. The draft riots caused a lot of damage in the city. On July 16 the draft riots finally ended.

HBCU's

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:45:17 UTC

Historical Black Colleges and Universities, also known as HBCU's started to become prominent during the reconstruction (post Civil War). The purpose of the founding of these colleges were to provide black scholars with the opportunity to an education. Some outside contributions to the creation of HBCU's were the Land Grant Acts of 1862. HBCU's also contributed to leadership development for African Americans. Some obstacles included funding, racism, and violence. Examples of colleges established during this era are Howard University, Fisk University, and Hampton University. In conclusion, HBCU's served as an opportunity for African Americans to rebuild post- war as well as opportunities for them to seek after higher education.

Gettysburg Address, 1863

vdangd — 2023-12-04 19:46:17 UTC

On November 19th, 1863, Lincoln would deliver what’s known as the Gettysburg Address. The message was at the dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery. Initially, Edward Everett was supposed to be the key orator of the address, but he was replaced by Lincoln. In the address, Lincoln sought to undertake two significant things. One, was to unify the nation with the belief that all men are equal. And two, to portray the abolition of slavery as the foundation of a new birth of democratic ideals. The Gettysburg Address would become one of America’s important speeches.

Women's Roles as Spies (Scholarly article)

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:47:24 UTC

Women had a strong influence and affect on the Civil war. Due to many men being away for the war, the women stepped outside of the usual societal domestic roles. They started to participate in roles such as espionage, disguises, communications, and military strategies. They would gather useful information about the enemies, communicate to the corresponding side through code, and dress up as men to fight. Though these were precarious and high risk, many women still did them. Some consequences included incarceration and eviction of their homes.

Video Spotlight: American Red Cross, Clara Barton

vdangd — 2023-12-04 19:48:15 UTC

Women Military Soldiers

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:48:20 UTC

People of Color's Role as Spies (Scholarly Article)

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:52:27 UTC

13th Amendment, 1865

vdangd — 2023-12-04 19:52:48 UTC

This amendment abolished slavery and made it illegal throughout the U.S. It was passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, but ratified on December 6, 1865. This made it illegal for White people to enslave black people, but it didn’t completely stop slavery. Slavery was still around until the early 1900’s until sharecropping was invented.

14th Amendment, 1868

vdangd — 2023-12-04 19:53:20 UTC

Granted citizenship to all “born or naturalized in the U.S.” This included formerly enslaved Africans as this was created after the abolishment of slavery. Additionally, this would grant all citizens equal protection under the law. This was passed on June 8, 1866 by the Senate, and ratified on July 9, 1868.

People of Color as Military Soldiers

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:53:38 UTC

15th Amendment, 1870

vdangd — 2023-12-04 19:53:41 UTC

After the American Civil War and the abolitionment of slavery, more amendments were added to the Bill of Rights. On February 3, 1870, the 15th Amendment was ratified. This amendment granted franchise to the newly freed black men. This meant that the right of citizens, regardless of race or color, is given the right to vote. However, discriminatory practices were still being carried out ensuring that black men were unable to vote. Despite the liberty the 15th Amendment offered, it sparked conflict amongst women regarding their own rights to vote too. Women believed that since all men can vote, they should also be allowed to obtain suffrage.

Black codes, Klu Klux Klan

vdangd — 2023-12-04 19:54:10 UTC

The Klu Klux Klan is an organization with the principle of white superiority with the viewpoint that the black race is inferior. After the American Civil War had transpired, the KKK members would terrorize black individuals. They were also in favor of what’s known as Black Codes. Black Codes were a series of laws put in place by southern legislatures that would restrict African Americans. These laws prohibited black Americans from borrowing money for land, forcing them to resort to the sharecropping system for low wages. It also prohibits black folks from testifying with white people. The Black Codes was a way for the South to preserve its prejudiced, uncompromising character before and after the war.

Sharecropping vs. Tenant Farming

vdangd — 2023-12-04 19:54:23 UTC

Sharecropping was a system in which white land owners would hire formerly enslaved people for work. Laborers did not get paid, but in exchange for their labor, they would earn a small portion of the crops. The system took place throughout the late 1800's. However, the sharecropping system ended in the early 1900's. This system was also a legal way to keep African American individuals lower in society and in poverty. The white landowners would provide the land, the seeds for the crops, as well as the tools to make it seem more like an equal/fair bargain. Tenant farmers, however, work with their own equipment and obtaining crops for them to sell.

Scalawags vs. Carpetbaggers

vdangd — 2023-12-04 19:54:35 UTC

Scalawags was a term used to define white Southerner's whom supported Reconstruction policies after the war. They were considered as the "traitors" to other white Southerner's. Carpetbaggers were people from the North. They came with carpet materials. They were viewed as opprotunists. They correlate because they were both presumed in the same way.

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:55:22 UTC

Bureau of Colored Troops

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-04 19:55:56 UTC

Higher Order Question #4

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-12 19:07:35 UTC

How do the black codes and the Klu Klux Klan connect or relate?

Higher Order Question #5

kcarret — 2023-12-12 19:14:33 UTC

How did women's contributions in different roles such as spies affect the war?

Higher Order Question #1

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-14 15:24:04 UTC

What made the Anaconda Plan's strategy sucessful?

Higher order Question #2

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-14 15:25:33 UTC

How do the Confiscation Acts and the Emancipation Proclaimation correlate?

Higher order Question #3

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-14 15:28:15 UTC

How did the Atlanta Campaign and Sherman's March to the sea both affect Georgia?

Document Analysis: Emancipation Proclamation

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-14 15:30:12 UTC

Document Analysis: Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-14 15:34:04 UTC

Document Analysis: Black Codes

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-14 15:36:22 UTC

Works Cited

kmathis4_ — 2023-12-14 15:42:43 UTC