Research question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region

Resource: This article describes many foods grown and produced in Argentina. For example, they grow peanuts and olives.

Research question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

Resource: The Netherlands thrives in agriculture due to its favorable climate and fertile soil, producing a wide variety of crops. Key staples include barley, corn, potatoes, sugar beets, and wheat, alongside various fruits and vegetables. Dutch farmers are known for their high-quality yields and contribute significantly to both domestic and international food supplies. Through sustainable farming practices and innovative techniques, the Netherlands is a global leader in agriculture and horticulture​.

Source: https://greenpacks.org/what-crops-grow-well-in-the-netherlands/

Research question: How much rainfall does this region experience annually?

Answer: Oslo, Norway receives about 4.56 inches of rainfall annually. 47% of the days of the year annually (The Global Historical Weather and Climate Data, 2024).

Reference

The Global Historical Weather and Climate Data. (2024). Oslo, NO Climate zone, monthly weather averages and historical data. https://weatherandclimate.com/norway/oslo#:~:text=Oslo%20Climate%20Summary&text=Oslo%20typically%20receives%20about%20115.87,%25%20of%20the%20time)%20annually.

Question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

Answer: Some plants are grown in the region in Noway that you can eat are wool Sorrell, red clovers, wild blackberries, garlic mustard, and beans.

Source: https://home.uia.no/jolind14/tips-tricks/food/edible-plants/

Research question: How much rainfall does the country/region receive each year?

Answer: The average annual rainfall for Thailand is 1,200-4,500mm with lower totals on the leeward side and higher totals on the windward side. In Bangkok, it is an average of 1207mm.

Resource(s):

https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/thailand/climate-data-historical

https://en.climate-data.org/asia/thailand/bangkok/bangkok-6313/

Research Question: Name five edible plants( herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

Resource: According to the article, depending of the region we can find different fruits. For example: in the andean region where Medellin is located we can find avocados, watermelon, guava, granadilla and gooseberry.

On the other hand, in the pasific region where Cali is located we can find two types of passionfruit. One is called gulupa that is small and purpule that it is sell in Canada. The other one is bigger like a avocado size and is yellow. However both have the same taste.

In the amazon we can find dragon fruit or better know as pitaya. The difference that this fruit has in contrat with the dragon fruit is the color; in Colombia this fruit is yellow.

Near to the amazon we can find the orinoquia region where we can find mangos. Last but not least in the carebeand region we can find pinneaples.

For more information visit the web side bellow.

Resource(s):

https://colombia.travel/en/blog/discover-the-tropical-fruits-of-Colombia-and-the-wonderful-places-where-they-come-from#:~:text=Its%20highlands%2C%20valleys%2C%20volcanoes%20and,assortment%20of%20other%20tropical%20fruits.

Research Question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetable) grown in the region I am in.

Answer: The central region of Canada is home to many citizens but also many vegetables. According to the article, "Over 70 percent of Canada's greenhouse vegetables are grown in Ontario (Farm Food 360). Some popular vegetables grown in Ontario greenhouses are tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, lettuce, and eggplant.

Resources:

Greenhouse Vegetables - Virtual Farm Tour (farmfood360.ca)

ONGreenhouseVegetables – Information for commercial Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) including greenhouse vegetables and vertical farms in Ontario

Research Question: What are three important species of wildlife or birds in the region? How are they important?

Answer: The first important species of bird is the official animal of Colombia, which is the Andean condor. It is one of the biggest birds of prey on the earth, weighing up to 25 pounds with a wingspan of 10 feet. It was chosen because of the mythology attached to this unique bird, as it symbolizes health, power, and freedom.

Next, the Pink River Dolphin. This dolphin is important because of its unique color but also because it plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of the aquatic environment. Their feeding habits help regulate the population of their prey species, preventing overpopulation.

Lastly, Cotton-top Tamarin. These moneys are important because unless you visit a zoo, you can only find these moneys in Colombia, specifically living in forests located in the northwestern region. They have a vocal repertoire of 38 distinct sounds and may say have a look reminiscent of Albert Einstein because of the white hair encircling their heads.

Wildlife in Colombia - Types of Colombian Animals - A-Z Animals (a-z-animals.com)

Research question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit vegetables) grown in the region

Answer: Here are some of the best recommended fruits to try when you are in Bogota, according to Eater. First, Pitaya is yellow shaped fruit and the edible pulp inside that tastes like kiwi, grape and lychee. Second, Gulupa is a purple round fruit. The pulp inside is sweet, tart, and has crunchy, sweet seeds. Third, Guayaba is commonly used in Colombian dishes. It is also a part of the guava family. Fourth, Grandilla is similar to the Pitaya because it has sweet crunchy seeds inside. It is more floral and sweet tasting. I have tried this fruit in Canada, so I am extra excited to try it again at its home region. Fifth, Guanabana is shaped almost like a durian. But the taste is more pineapple and banana. You can eat it raw and it is often used in many desserts.

Resource: https://www.eater.com/2018/10/17/17965242/best-fruit-bogota-colombia

Research question: How much rainfall does the country/region receive each year?

Answer: Bangkok receives 1498 mm (59 in) of rainfall per year, or 124.8 mm (4.9 in) per month.

• On average there are 88 days per year with more than 0.1 mm (0.004 in) of rainfall (precipitation) or 7.3 days with a quantity of rain, sleet, snow etc. per month.

• The driest weather is in January when an average of 9 mm (0.4 in) of rainfall (precipitation) occurs.

• The wettest weather is in September when an average of 344 mm (13.5 in) of rainfall (precipitation) occurs.

Source: https://www.climate.top/thailand/bangkok/precipitation/

Research Question: How many seasons are in the country and what are they? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years (ie. temperature/rainfall)?

Answer: South Korea has four distinct seasons: spring (March to May), summer (June to August), autumn (September to November), and winter (December to February). Over the years, climate change has notably altered these seasons. Average temperatures have increased, resulting in warmer winters and hotter summers, frequently accompanied by extreme heat. The summer monsoon has also intensified, leading to heavier and more unpredictable rainfall, and flooding. These climatic changes impact agriculture, infrastructure, and public health, prompting the nation to adapt to its shifting environment.

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377423001385

Research Question: How many seasons are in Colombia? What are they? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years? For Example, Temperature or Rainfall?

Answer: Colombia usually experiences a tropical climate, which means it does not have four distinct seasons like other countries. Instead, they have a wet and dry season.

Dry Seasons:

i. December to January

Many regions experience less rainfall. It corresponds with the holiday season, making it a popular time for travel and tourism.

ii. July to August

Some areas may still experience occasional rainfall. This season sometimes aligns with local festivals and events, attracting visitors.

Rainy/Wet Seasons:

i. April to May
The beginning of the first rainy season. Many regions receive significant rainfall. This period is important for agriculture, especially for crops dependent on wet conditions.

ii. October to November

The second rainy season often brings heavy rainfall, especially in the Amazon and coastal regions. This can sometimes lead to flooding in some areas.

Average Temperatures Across Regions In Colombia:

i. Coastal Regions (Caribbean and Pacific Coasts): 24°C to 30°C. Considered hot and humid.

ii. Lowland Areas (Amazon Rainforest): 25°C and 30°C. High humidity and heavy rainfall.

iii. Andean Region: In Bogotá, 14°C to 20°C while Medellín 22°C to 26°C.

iv. Orinoquia Region (Eastern Plains): 24°C to 35°C. Considered very hot and humid.

v. Highlands and Paramos: High-altitude areas, 5°C to 15°C.

Resources:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Colombia/Climate

https://colombia.co/en/colombia-travel/faq-climate-weather-colombia

https://roamopedia.com/travel/country/colombia/info/climate/colombia-climate-a-guide-to-year-round-weather-and-best-times-to-visit/

What are 3 important species of wildlife in the region? How are they important?

The elephant, is the national animal of Thailand and considered sacred by Buddhists.

The Agile Gibbon is native to Indonesia, this species is endangered they live in rain forests mainly and rarely seen on the ground.

The Clouded Leopard is a wildcat that lives mainly in dense forests and native to Thailand.

These three wildlife species are important to the ecological and biodiversity and ecosystems, an example of the agile gibbon and the elephants role is that they clearcut, disperse seeds in the forests in turn creates growth of plants. The tiger is a top predator, they help with the population by regulating prey and in turn this creates a healthy balance in the ecosystem.

These three symbolize life in the untouched forests, this is very important amongst Thailand heritage.

Resource(s)

https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/asian-elephant

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/thailand-animals-animals-that-live-in-thailand.html

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/thailand-animals-animals-that-live-in-thailand.html

Research Questions: How much rainfall does the country/region receive each year?

Answer: Colombia receives an average of 40 to 70 inches (1,000 to 1,800 mm) of rainfall per year. It rains more depending on which city you are in.

In the rainforests with over 200 days per year

In the cities and small towns it will rain 150 days per year.

Around the coasts it will rain around 80 times a year.

In the plains area it will rain close to 120 days per year.

Resources: https://www.britannica.com/place/Colombia/Climate

Research question: how many seasons are in the country and what are they? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years (ie. temperature/rainfall)

Answer: Thailand has three seasons- wet season (May to October), cool reason (November to February) and the hot season (March to May). in the past 30 years Thailand has seen an increase in temperatures and a change in rainfall patterns(rainfall patterns became more unpredictable)

Sources: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/travel/holiday-weather/asia/thailand#:~:text=Thailand%20climate%20information&text=As%20a%20result%20Thailand's%20weather,season%20(March%20to%20May).

https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/asia-and-pacific/thailand

Research question- how much rainfall does the country receive each year.

Answer - 115 inches annually.

Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, experiences a tropical savanna climate, characterized by three main seasons:

Hot Season (March to May):

Temperatures can soar to around 34°C to 40°C (93°F to 104°F).

Humidity is high, making it feel even hotter.

Rainy Season (May to October):

The city receives an average of about 1,500 to 2,000 mm (59 to 79 inches) of rainfall per year.

The peak months for rainfall are typically September and October, with frequent heavy showers and thunderstorms, particularly in the afternoon and evening.

Cool Season (November to February):

Temperatures are more comfortable, ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F).

This is considered the best time to visit, with lower humidity and minimal rainfall.

Bangkok’s average annual rainfall is around 1,500 mm (59 inches), with considerable variation depending on specific weather patterns each year.https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/thailand-climate

RESEARCH QUESTION: How many seasons are in the country and what are they? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years (ie. temperature/rainfall)?

Answer: Thailand has three main seasons: the hot season (mid-February to mid-May) with temperatures up to 40°C, the rainy season (mid-May to mid-October) known for heavy rains and high humidity, and the cool season (mid-October to mid-February) with milder temperatures ranging from 18°C to 32°C. In recent years, weather patterns have shifted, leading to rising temperatures and more intense rainfall during the rainy season, which can cause flooding​

https://www.tourismthailand.org/Plan-Your-Trip/Weather?province=219

Research Question:
How many seasons are in Colombia, and what are they? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years (i.e., temperature/rainfall)?

Answer:
Colombia does not experience traditional seasons like summer, fall, winter, and spring due to its proximity to the equator. Instead, it has two main climatic seasons: the dry season (known as "verano") and the rainy season (known as "invierno"). The dry season typically occurs from December to March and July to August, while the rainy season usually takes place from April to June and October to November. Over the years, there have been noticeable changes in temperature and rainfall patterns due to climate change, resulting in more intense and unpredictable weather, including increased rainfall during the rainy season and higher temperatures during the dry season.

Link to resource:
Colombian Seasons and Climate Patterns

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Research Question: What are three types of trees or vegetation in your region? How are these varieties important to people and culture?

1. Wax Palm : This tree is found in the high-altitude cloud forests of the Andes, and is Colombia's national tree. It can grow up to 60 meters tall, making it the tallest palm in the world. 

2. Guayacán : Known for its yellow blossoms, the Guayacán tree is a symbol of natural beauty in Colombia. It is celebrated when in full bloom, marking a seasonal change. 

3. Ceiba Tree: This massive tree is native to the Amazon basin and has cultural roots in indigenous mythology, often symbolizing life and connection between the earth and the sky. The Ceiba's wood is used in the construction of traditional canoes.

Source: https://thetreeographer.com/2017/12/06/colombia-wax-palms/

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/native-plants-of-colombia.html

https://www.explorationjunkie.com/colombia-national-tree/

Q:What are three types of trees or vegetation in your region? How are these varieties important to people and culture?

Aliso (Alnus acuminata): The Aliso tree is highly recognized for its ability to restore soil and maintain local ecosystems. It flourishes in disturbed or degraded settings, enriching the soil through a symbiotic association with mycorrhizal fungus.

Nogal Cafetero (Cordia alliodora): Also known as the "Coffee Walnut," this tree may grow up to 30 meters tall and is easily identified by its distinctive, thick branch nodes where ants frequently reside. The Nogal Cafetero is renowned for its capacity to tolerate poor soil and develop quickly, making it perfect for providing shade and stabilizing habitats for other plant species.

Myrcianthes leucoxyla (Arrayán): This tree, known for its scented leaves and bright fruits, is widely used by indigenous populations in Bogota. Its berries are crucial for traditional dishes like "chicha" and "guarapo," a fermented beverage.

Resource:https://www.picturethisai.com/region/tree/Colombia-Bogota.html

https://www.reddearboles.org/en-US/encyclopedia

Research Question:

How many seasons are in the country and what are they?

Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years?

Answer:

The season in Thailand is divided up into three sections, starting with:

Hot season, which is usually from March to May.

Rainy season, which is usually from June to October.

Cool season which is usually from November to February.

The temperature during hot season often exceeds to 40 Celsius (104 F)

Global climate changed have influenced Thailand's climate patterns.

• Increased temperatures: Hot season becoming hotter and longer

• Altered rainfall patterns: Some areas are experiencing more heavy rain than before.

• Unpredictable weather: Dry spells to intense rainfall.

These weather changes can have a significant impacts on agriculture, water resources, and overall ecosystem health in Thailand.

Resources:

https://www.clubmed.co.za/l/blog/thailand-climate

Research Question: What are three types of trees or vegetation in your region? How are these varieties important to people and culture?

Answer: Three types of trees native to Norway are European ash, spruce, and pine (Picture This, n.d). Within Norse culture, these special trees, or “tuntre” are sacred objects that connect us with nature and other realms (Woods, 2019). In Norway, tuntre are said to harbour the spirits of “underground people” (Woods, 2019). These are mythical beings similar to Ireland’s faeries or Iceland’s little people and live under the earth (Woods, 2019). Ancient Nordes would worship these specific trees which were said to provide them with prosperity (Woods, 2019). However, damaging or inflicting any harm upon the tuntre was believed to cause misfortune (Woods, 2019).

Resources:

Picture This. (n.d). Top 20 Most Common Trees in Norway. https://www.picturethisai.com/region/tree/Norway.html#:~:text=Among%20the%20most%20emblematic%20local,contribution%20to%20the%20local%20ecosystem.

Woods, W. (2019, May 17). Sacred “Garden” trees of Norway and Sweden. Stories from the Wood Wide Web. https://woodwidewebstories.com/2019/05/17/sacred-garden-trees-of-norway-and-sweden/

Research Question: How much rainfall does the country/region receive each year?

Answer:

Overall, the rainiest areas, where annual precipitation exceeds 2,000 millimeters, are the central-western part of the island of Honshu, the Kii Peninsula, also the inland and southern areas of Shikoku and the central-southern part of Kyushu.
The least rainy area is the northernmost part of Hokkaido, where precipitation drops below 1,000 mm per year, both because of the cold winter and the reduced influence of the summer monsoon.

Resource(s):

https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/japan

Research Question: How many seasons are in the country and what are they? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years?

Answer: Guyana has warm and humid subequatorial climate. There are four seasons in Guyana. From March to May is spring, June to August is Summer, September to November is the driest season in Guyana. There is no actual winter with cold and snow in Guyana. Seasons are separated only by amount of precipitation. It is plenty of rains year-round. But from December to February is considered as a rainy season. In addition, Guyana has one of the most humid weathers of all counties for 90% of its territory is covered by rainforests. Guyana is divided into two rainy and two dry seasons. However, in some years, weather-related damage in agriculture, forestry and fishing, which account for 20% of the economy, can decimate production due to floods.

Resources: Seasons in Guyana: Weather and Climate (seasonsyear.com)

Research Question: Name 5 edible plants grown in the region

Answer:

1. Sugarcane - Grows best on flat land and is responsible for approximately 45% of Jamaica's agricultural export earnings.

2. Bananas - Requires lots of rainfall and good water drainage to grow, historically bananas are cheap to grow offering opportunities for small farmers.

3. Cocoa - Needs good drainage and shade to grow, Jamaica is known for fine and flavoured cocoa and is one of eight "exclusive producers" registered with the International Cocoa Organization.

4. Coffee - Grown in the Blue Mountain Area and the High Mountain Region, Jamaica is known for producing fine quality coffee and is the 45th largest coffee producer in the world.

5. Yams - At least 18 types of yams are grown in Jamaica, and they are the top domestic crop export.

Resource: Several resources were used to create my answer however I found this article very interesting.

http://www.discoverjamaica.com/gleaner/discover/geography/agriculture.htm

Research: According to Ephytia, some edible plants that can be found in Guyana include eggplant, watermelon, parsley, celery, and coriander leaf.

Source: https://ephytia.inra.fr/en/C/22980/Tropileg-Guyana#:~:text=%E2%80%9CPhaseolus%E2%80%9D%20common%20beans%20are%20quite,spring%20onion%2C%20mint%2C%20etc.

• Guyana has a tropical climate and it's warm around the whole year. I hear it rains sometimes during rainy seasons to the point of flooding.

  What are the average temperatures for the time you'll be there?

• During my time in Guyana, I'm fortunate to have the dry seasons! From 90 degrees Fahrenheit to 30! For the most part, it will be sunny!

  
  

  How different is the weather there from the weather you are used to?

• Here in Canada, we have weather that gets cold to hot then there's our lukewarm we call them seasons and have cold times to hot times. Canada can't pick! In Guyana, it's consistent with warm weather or it rains but for days or a short few. In Guyana, I fear I will have more issues with bugs than weather!

Destination: Tokyo, Japan

Research Question: How many seasons are in Japan? What are they? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years, such as temperature or rainfall?

Answer:

Japan experiences four distinct seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In recent years, climate change has led to noticeable shifts in these seasons, including increased temperatures and altered precipitation patterns.

• Spring (March to May):

  • Mild temperatures with cherry blossoms blooming in late March to early April.

  • Pleasant weather, popular for travel and outdoor activities.

• Summer (June to August):

  • Starts with a rainy season (June to early July), followed by hot and humid conditions in July and August.

  • Typhoon season peaks in late summer, bringing heavy rains and strong winds.

• Autumn (September to November):

  • Cooler temperatures with vibrant foliage in October and November.

  • Early autumn may experience typhoons, decreasing in frequency as the season progresses.

• Winter (December to February):

  • Cold temperatures with occasional snowfall in Tokyo, though less frequent compared to northern regions.

  • Generally clear skies and dry weather, suitable for sightseeing.

Climate Change Impacts:

Recent studies indicate that Tokyo is experiencing increased temperatures, contributing to urban heat island effects. Additionally, the delay in Mount Fuji's snowfall in 2024, the longest in 130 years, highlights changing seasonal patterns. These changes are consistent with global climate trends affecting local weather and ecosystems.

Resources:

• Japan National Tourism Organization: Weather & Geography

• Japan Guide: When to Travel

Question: How much rainfall does your region receive each year?

Answer: Mean annual rainfall in the Netherlands ranges from approximately 700 to 900 mm. According to the table covering the period 1991-2020 for each region's precipitation, Zwolle has approximately 842.6 mm of rainfall annually.

Resources:

https://www.knmi.nl/kennis-en-datacentrum/achtergrond/regional-differences-in-the-extreme-rainfall-climatology-in-the-netherlands

https://www.knmi.nl/klimaat-viewer/grafieken-tabellen/neerslagstations/neerslagstations-sommen/neerslagstations-sommen_1991-2020

Research Questions: Name 5 edible plants (herbs, fruit, Vegetables) from in the region

Ackee: A fruit that grows within the trees, it is mainly eaten with the national dish Ackee and Salt fish eaten with fried dumpling or boiled dumpling. (My favourite dish EVER)

Plantain: Another food that is used in many dishes in Jamaica. It can be boiled, fried, baked and used in multiple dishes. Plantain grows from the trees juts like bananas and it looks like a large banana.

Callalloo: This is a plant that grows from the ground, its leafy and dark green. It is cooked in many different ways, it is used in soups, it can be cooked down with salt fish, eaten on its own as side food as well.

Scotch Bonnet Pepper: This pepper is used in almost every single dish made in Jamaica, it used a lot to make seasoning like Jerk seasoning, Green seasoning and its also used to make pepper sauce. This is well known pepper and many places within the Caribbean itself use it. This pepper grows from the ground and comes various colours: Green, Yellow, Red, Orange and Green.

Pimento: Pimento is a strong seasoning used in most dishes to help bring out the flavour in the food. It is a small black ball it looks like Black pepper but it doesn’t taste like it. The taste is spicy and strong but it doesn’t help the taste of the food. Pimento grows on Pimento trees in hot temperature.

Resource used: https://www.tasteofjamaicatours.com/jamaicas-edible-plants-discovering-natures-bounty/

A lot of what I wrote is from my own knowledge.

Born in the 1950s out of the neighbourhood sound systems of Kingston, Dancehall grew to its height in the 1980s . Today Dancehall remains at the centre of Jamaican musical and cultural life. From its roots in Kingston in the 1950s to its heyday in the 1980s, Dancehall conquered the globe spreading to the USA, UK, Canada, Japan, Europe and beyond.

Research Question: How many seasons are in Netherlands? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years?

Answer

Netherlands has 4 distinct seasons across the year. (Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter)

Spring: March to May

During spring, the temperature varies from 5°C to 19 °C which is a bit chilli but not too cold.

Summer: June to August

During summer, temperature ranges from 13 °C to 22 °C and unlike many other countries in Europe the weather is mild during peak summer time.

Autumn: September to November

During Autumn, temperature ranges from 8°C to 14 °C which is quite similar to spring.

Winter: December to February

The temperature fluctuates between the range of -1°C and 7°C in the winter season however there is hardly any snowfall.

Reference

Best Time to Visit Netherlands - Weather, Temperature today & Climate. (2017). Thomascook.in. https://www.thomascook.in/international-tourism/best-time-to-visit-netherlands

Research Question: How much rainfall does this region experience annually?

Answer: The Netherlands is a small and flat country, and climatological differences are therefore small. Mean annual rainfall ranges from about 700 to 900 mm

Resources: https://www.knmi.nl/kennis-en-datacentrum/achtergrond/regional-differences-in-the-extreme-rainfall-climatology-in-the-netherlands?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Research question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

Resource: This article from the Tokyo Weekender on some of the most common types of forageable Japanese wild plants and their uses. These plants have been historically important in times of famin.

https://www.tokyoweekender.com/food-and-drink/foraging-in-japan/

Research Question: What is a good place to visit in Denmark during Christmas?

Resource: Denmark offers enchanting destinations during the holiday season, known for their cozy hygge ambiance, festive markets, and cultural traditions. Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen transforms into a magical winter wonderland with sparkling lights, ice skating, and Christmas stalls. Other notable spots include Odense, the birthplace of Hans Christian Andersen, with its fairy-tale charm and traditional markets, and Aarhus, which hosts Den Gamle By (The Old Town), offering an immersive experience of Christmas in different historical eras.

Source: https://www.visitdenmark.com

Research question: How much rainfall does the country/region receive each year?

Answer: Tokyo, Japan, receives an average annual rainfall of about 1,600 millimeters (63 inches). The wettest months are typically September and October due to typhoons, while winter is the driest season.

Resource: https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/japan/tokyo

Research Question: How much rainfall does the country/region receive each year?

Resource: The climate of the Netherlands is influenced by the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It's cool, cloudy and humid for most of the year. The rain is not so abundant, ranging between 750/850mm (29/33 inches) per year, but they're frequent throughout the year.

Research Question: What are three types of trees or vegetation in your region? How are these varieties important to people and culture.

Answer: In India, three significant trees are the Banyan, Neem, and Mango. The Banyan tree, India's national tree, symbolizes longevity and provides shade, medicine, and spiritual significance in Hinduism and Buddhism. The Neem tree is revered for its medicinal properties and is widely used in traditional healthcare. The Mango tree holds cultural importance as a symbol of prosperity and fertility, with its fruit and leaves often used in religious ceremonies. These trees play essential role in Indian culture, spirituality, and daily life.

Source: https://knowindia.india.gov.in/profile/flora.php

Research question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region

Costa Rica has a rich variety of edible plants due to its tropical climate. These can be Plantains, Pineapple Cassava, Cilantro, and Guava.

https://www.edibleplants.net/countries/costa-rica/

Research Question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

1. "Radishes are extremely popular with local Costa Ricans who eat them pickled in chilero"

2. "Cacao is one of the magnificent fruit trees that grow naturally in Costa Rica. It has large quantities of antioxidants and is a better source of calcium than milk. It also contains a lot of iron and produces neurotransmitters. (*Not to mention, it is what chocolate is made out of!)"

3. "Guanabana, or soursop in English, is considered sacred by many local indigenous tribes for its healing qualities. It has high quantities of calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C. It also helps reduce infections and blood pressure"

4. "Grenadilla is a fruit with an abundance of edible seeds. Rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, it is known to boost immunity, aid digestion, reduce blood pressure, and improve circulation."

5. "One of the most popular gardening hacks in Costa Rica comes from a long tradition of local vegetable farming. Known as the three sisters, local farmers grow corn, beans, and squash together. This is known as companion planting, with each plant playing a role in a mutually-beneficial relationship. The squash shades the ground, the corn grows tall, and pole beans grow up the corn. As a result, these three foods are staples in the Costa Rican diet."

   
   

   Reference: https://osatropicalproperties.com/blog/gardening-in-costa-rica-how-to-produce-food-locally

    

Research Question: What are three important species of wildlife or birds in the region? How are they important?

Resource: 30 Costa Rica Animals and Where to See Them on Your Travels

1. The sloth: The sloth is the national animal of Costa Rica and therefore is important as a symbol and a tourism attraction.

2. Black-Handed Spidermonkeys: This species is important due to its endangered status. It is important from the perspective of preservation and the fact they are able to live in this environment is noteworthy.

3. Resplendent Quetzal: This bird is important in Costa Rica due to the way it attracts bird watchers. This is good for tourism in tourism industries.

Research Question: What are some Native animals in Costa Rica?

Findings: Some Native animals of Costa Rica include: Red-eyed frog, Coati, Resplendent quetzal, and Baird’s tapir

Resource: https://www.gadventures.com/blog/costa-rica-animals/ srsltid=AfmBOooSXy5FJ8NIQPBEXfwDsI51GdG2wBjMLsMKsaocrBCMvOys2SIg

Research question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

Answer:

Ackee – Ackee is Jamaica’s national fruit and a key ingredient in the traditional dish "ackee and saltfish." It must be allowed to open naturally on the tree before harvesting to ensure it is safe for consumption.

Callaloo (Amaranth) – This leafy green vegetable is similar to spinach and is widely used in Jamaican cuisine. It is commonly steamed or sautéed with onions, garlic, and tomatoes.

Mango – Jamaica grows many varieties of mango, including East Indian, Julie, and Bombay. Mangoes thrive in Jamaica’s tropical climate and are enjoyed fresh, in juices, or as part of desserts.

Breadfruit: Introduced to Jamaica in the 18th century, breadfruit is a starchy fruit that can be roasted, boiled, or fried. It serves as a staple in many Jamaican meals and is valued for its versatility and nutritional content.

Yam: Yams are a significant crop in Jamaica, with multiple varieties grown throughout the island. They are commonly boiled or roasted and often accompany traditional meals.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ackee

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callaloo

https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/its-mango-time-again/

https://www.edibleplants.net/countries/jamaica/

Research question: What are three important species or birds in the region? How are they important?

Red-billed Streamertail: This beautiful multi-coloured humming bird is the national bird of Jamaica. It has a long and curved beak to feed on the nectar of flowering plants found within closed forests. Males of this species notably have two tails that flutter behind them as they fly. Feathers are used by the people on the island as decorations during traditional events.

Jamaican Iguana: The Jamaican iguana is critically endangered, making it one of the rarest animals on the island. This herbivorous reptile can grow up to 5 feet in length and is one of the largest reptiles in Jamaica. With its habitat only being in Jamaica's dry forests, it is threatened by the introduction of invasive species, hunting, and destruction of the forests it lives in. The Jamaican iguana was once thought to be extinct for 40 years between 1948 and 1990. This reptile, once abundant throughout Jamaica, is now confined to the forests of the Hellshire Hills.

Jamaican Yellow Boa: The Jamaican yellow boa is a large yellow non-venomous snake, that is only found in Jamaica. This snake has recently been listed as endangered due to hunting and habitat loss. There is currently conservation efforts underway to help protect the Jamaican boa and increase its population.

Resources: https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/central-america/jamaica/

https://animalia.bio/endemic-lists/country/endemic-animals-of-jamaica?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Research Question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

Answer: Costa Rica is home to many different species of fruit. Many of these fruit you will not commonly find in Canadian supermarkets. Some I'd like to try are:

Cas - It is related to guava but has white flesh. The taste is very similar

Guanábana - A large spikey fruit that looks similar to a durian, and is said to taste like pineapple and coconut combined.

Caimito - A purple fruit that presents a star pattern when cut open. The texture is said to be like ice cream, and the flavour very complex.

Pejibaye - It is similar to a persimmon, and can't be eaten raw. It is often sold pre boiled, and commonly eaten with mayonnaise.

Cacao - The bean is used for chocolate, and the pulp can be made into medicine or smoothies.

Mamón - A gooey grape-like fruit used for juices and frozen treats.

https://puravidamoms.com/costa-rican-fruit/

Research Question: What are three types of trees or vegetation in the region? How are these varieties important to people and culture?

Resource:

1. Pimento, or allspice, is deeply woven into Jamaican culture, serving as a key ingredient in the island’s renowned jerk seasoning. Its rich, aromatic flavor enhances traditional dishes, while the pimento tree itself adds to Jamaica’s lush landscape. Beyond its culinary significance, pimento represents a connection to the island’s natural beauty and heritage.

2. Ackee is the national fruit of Jamaica and is another culinary ingredient that is prominent in traditional dishes.

3. The national tree of Jamaica is the Blue Mahoe, which is one of their primary economic timbers. It is currently being used in their reforestation efforts; it is also a highly traded commodity with both foreign and local markets alike.

Question: What are three types of trees or vegetation in the region? How are these varieties important to people and culture?

Answer:The unique climate and soil dynamics nurture a diverse array of native trees. Among them, Corn plant, Monterey pine, and Black wattle stand out as remarkable representatives. These trees hold great symbolic, cultural, and ecological importance within the state's boundaries.

Today, in many aspects, the city of Bogotá is a lot different from the one 20 years ago. It has grown enormously, doubling its size to more than 8 million inhabitants. This has brought more pressure to the land and natural resources, and represents big challenges for managing education, social integration, the economy, security, infrastructure and transport.

In spite of all the difficulties, I think that, in some aspects, the city has improved. Street and park trees have really changed. Now we see more diversity. One can get to know many native species without going far from home. Threatened species, such as mountain Spanish-cedar, wax palm and Colombian oak, are now part of the city. Birds have a wider choice of fruits available to eat.

References:

https://www.thenatureofcities.com/2015/12/13/increasing-the-native-plants-of-colombian-cities/

https://www.picturethisai.com/region/tree/Colombia-Bogota.html#:~:text=Bogota%2C%20Colombia's%20unique%20climate%20and,importance%20within%20the%20state's%20boundaries.

https://colombia.co/en/colombia-country/five-trees-support-colombias-stunning-biodiversity

Research Question: How many seasons are in the country and what are they? Have there been significant changes in recent years?

Contrary to Canada's 4 seasons, Costa Rica has 2: the dry season, and the rainy season (sometimes called the green season). The dry season is from December to April, and the rainy season is from May to November. As it sounds, the dry season has low precipitation and high temperatures (up to 40C on average), the wet season has high precipitation and is slightly cooler, but still around the 20-30C range, making it very humid. In recent years, likely due to climate change, Costa Rica has been experiencing hotter dry seasons and more intense weather events throughout the year, such as heatwaves, droughts, and intense bursts of heavy rain.

Resources:

https://costaricaexperts.com/best-time-to-visit-costa-rica/

https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/costa-rica-amidst-climate-change-navigating-the-economic-perils-and-opportunities/#:~:text=Although%20it%20is%20difficult%20to,are%20more%20and%20more%20frequent.

Research Question: How much rainfall does the country receive each year?

Answer: The mean annual rainfall for Costa Rica is 3061mm. This rain happens year-round but can concentrate in an area of microclimate regions like tropical rainforests or cloud forests.

Resource: http://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/country-profiles/15989-WB_Costa%20Rica%20Country%20Profile-WEB.pdf

Research question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region

Jamaica is well known for their food, with amazing cuisine. on the island, they are known for growing scotch bonnet peppers, used in making jerk chicken, as well as many other dishes and sauces. Jamaica grows breadfruit, a fruit somewhat difficult to find in North America; breadfruit is a starchy fruit that can be cooked in many ways and is a staple in Jamaican meals. Ackee is the Jamaican national fruit. I have never tried it, but I am excited to try it while in the country. This fruit is often served with saltfish. Morigana is a superfood and an herb well known for its health benefits and nutritional content. Fever grass, or lemongrass, is an herb known for aiding digestion and relaxation. This is often used in soothing teas.

Source: https://www.tasteofjamaicatours.com/jamaicas-edible-plants-discovering-natures-bounty/

Question: What are three important species of wildlife or birds in the region? How are they important?

Red-Billed Streamer Tail

The Red Billed Streamer Tail also known as the "Doctor Bird" is the national bird of Jamaica. It is apart of the humming bird family and can be identified by it's strikingly bright colors. This hummingbird can be seen in forest enjoying some nectar from the flowering plants. This is an important bird of Jamaica as it was once believed to be a reincarnation of other souls that have passed on. This bird also represents resilience, freedom and the overall rich heritage of Jamaica.

West Indian Manatee

The West Indian Manatee is also known as the "Sea Cow". It can be seen swimming along the costal waters specifically on the southwest coast of Jamaica. They are herbivores which means they feed on the plant life within the water specifically seagrass beds. Currently, they are listed as threatened on the endangered species list caused by low reproductive rates. Additionally, they are also experiencing low population levels because of boat collisions and losing warm water springs. They are important to Jamaica as they maintain the vegetation in the water by feeding on seagrass controlling the overall growth levels.

Jamaican Iguana

This Iguana is known as the second largest land animal that's native to Jamaica. The Iguana's can be found roaming around the tropical forest of Hellshire Hills. In the early 1900's the Iguana used to roam all around Jamaica, however the population numbers have decreased drastically. Currently, the Iguana is listed as critically endangered. The reason for the population decline was the charcoal industry where they would take trees from the Hillshire Hills destroying the Iguana's habitat. They are important to Jamaica as they are now being rehabilitated and are now showing signs of increasing population.

References

https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/central-america/jamaica/

https://animalia.bio/red-billed-streamertail?endemic=85

https://animalia.bio/jamaican-iguana?endemic=85

https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Mammals/West-Indian-Manatee

https://thepalmsjamaica.com/meet-the-doctor-bird-hummingbird-jamaicas-spectacular-national-bird/#:~:text=The%20stunning%20hummingbird%20was%20believed,held%20souls%20of%20the%20dead.

Research Question: What are three important species of wildlife or birds in the region? How are they important?

Answer: One important species is the scarlet macaw, which has a diet conhsisting of fruit, seeds, and vegetation. It helps disperse seeds, helping to ensure the plants get to disperse across the rainforest. These species also mate for life, and are also found at clay licks to eat clay to better digest food.

A second important species is sloth, with two taxa of sloths in the area, the three toed sloth and the two toed sloth. They are important to provide homes to moths in their fur that feed on algae. Their feces fertilize the soil. Sloths will often go down to the ground once a week to defecate.

A third important species is the jaguar. This is the top predator in Costa Rica, serving as a keystone species in keeping the prey population in check. They are one of the big cat species known to be good swimmers, and also boast one of the strongest bite forces of all cat species.

Source:

Costa Rica Wildlife & Jungle Animals | Costa Rica Experts

Research Question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

Answer: Colombia is home to several valuable edible plants, including the Jamaica Cherry Tree, which produces sweet fruits; Cachipay Montañero, a palm with edible fruit; Monkey Pot Tree, known for its "paradise nuts"; and Borojó, a fruit used in beverages and traditional medicine. Additionally, the Tolu Balsam Tree is prized for its aromatic resin used in medicine and perfumes. These plants highlight the region's rich biodiversity and cultural significance.

Reference: https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/green-gold-colombia-useful-plants

Answer: Costa Rica receives an average of 100 inches of rainfall annually through mountainous forest areas that can experience as much as 25 feet annually.

Reference: https://costarica.org/facts/weather/#:~:text=Average%20rainfall%20in%20Costa%20Rica,25%20feet%20of%20rainfall%20annually.

Research Question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

Answer: There are a lot of edible plants that grow in Colombia. Looking at ones that grow at higher altitudes, closer to our destination, there are tamarillos (or tree tomatoes), sand olives, seville oranges, heart peas, and capsicum. It's interesting to see which plants are native to the region, and which ones have been cultivated.

Source: https://www.edibleplants.net/countries/colombia/

Japan, Tokoyo

Research Question:

Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

Answer:

Japan is home to a variety of edible plants. Some of the edible plants include:

• Japanese Horse-Chestnut

• Butterbur

• Mugwort

• Japanese Wild Radish

• Wild Chervil

References: https://www.nepa.gov.jm/sites/default/files/2019-12/our_land_animals.pdf

https://blessingsallover.wordpress.com/2010/12/16/the-jamaican-crocodile/

Answer: Five edible fruits grown in Costa Rica are Grapefruit, Dragon Fruit, Pummelo, Soursop, and Bananas.

Link: https://www.edibleplants.net/countries/costa-rica/

Açai Palm – the palm hearts are canned and the fruit is used to make açai wine

Banana – an important food or supplement in many tropical areas

Dragon Fruit – widely sold in markets, dried flowers are sold in shops

Mango – popular and important in seasonally dry lowlands

Turmeric – cultivated at large scale, important spice in cultures that eat rice

Edible Plants of the World; edibleplants.net

Research Question: Life on the Land (SDG 15) What are the three types of trees in the Kingston, Jamaica region? How are these varieties important to the people? 

Resource: The National History of Jamaica pdf has the names and description of trees found on the island, it speaks of the rich history of native and imported trees. Three types of trees that are native to Jamaica are the Blue Mahoe, Coconut, and Ackee Trees. 

These types of trees are important to Jamaicans for various reasons with the Blue Mahoe Hibiscus Tree being native to Jamaica, it’s wood when finished with sealant it has what is described as a fine blue tint. Blue Mahoe wood has been used for making exquisite furniture and crafts. Coconut Trees have edible aspects such as coconut water and meat.  Coconut Trees have more uses such as using the leaves to make baskets and roofs and the wood has a history of being sturdy and been used to make bridges and build houses. Ackee is Jamaica’s national fruit and is predominately cooked with salted cod fish. The arils are the edible portions but if eaten before the fruit opens it is poisonous.  

If you want more information check out the article.

Research Question: How many seasons are there in the country and what are they? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years?

Jamaica's weather can be est understood through two seasons:

• Dry season (December to May / winter and spring)

Jamaica's tropical climate brings warmth all year round, but the winter and spring are classed as the dry season. While showers are possible all year round, February is the driest month on average, with about 15mm expected, or roughly 3 rainy days. Sunshine amounts peak through February - April with 9 hours per day. 

• Wet season (June to November / summer and autumn)

June to November is the wet season and is often characterised by heavy showers and thunderstorms. The Atlantic hurricane season exists between these months, and Jamaica is just as vulnerable as its neighbouring islands. Hurricanes tend to pass near Jamaica every 4-5 years, while a direct hit is less likely, around once in 10 years. Tropical storms that fall below hurricane strength are much more common, and can bring periods of heavy rain, strong winds and flooding to the island. The peak of the wet season is August-October with around 9 rainy days per month and 7 hours of sunshine expected per day."

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/travel/holiday-weather/americas/caribbean/jamaica-weather

Climate change:

"z 0.09 to 0.88 m sea-level rise between 1990 and 2100;

• Area-averaged annual mean warming of Caribbean

Sea by ≈ 2ºC by the 2050s and 3ºC by the 2080s;

• Fewer rain days per year but an increase in the daily

intensity of precipitation = greater probability of more frequent drought and flood events;

• No significant change in hurricane frequency, but a possible increase of 10 to 20 % in hurricane intensity

(Nurse and Sem 2001)."

https://www.mona.uwi.edu/physics/sites/default/files/physics/uploads/Dr.%20Dale%20Webber%20-%20Climate%20Change%20Impacts%20on%20Jamaica%27s%20Biodiversity.pdf

Question : What are three important species of wildlife or birds in the region? How are they important?

Research questions: how much rainfall does it receive each year

Resouce:

Rain falls throughout the year in Zwolle. The month with the most rain is December, with an average rainfall of 55mm; while the least is April, with an average of 30mm.

Research questions: What are the seasons like? Will there be precipitation?

Answer: In the Netherlands, they have all four seasons (Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter) and each of them is very notable in terms of the landscape.

During the Spring (March to May):

The tulips are one of the most well-known things for this season as the temperature starts to increase. However, snow showers can still occur during this time. The average temperature can range from 6.3C to 12.7C.

During the Summer (June to August):

This is the time when temperature reaches its highest throughout the year. But one thing to note is that the sun does not shine very often, and has a decent amount of precipitation throughout the year. However, from time to time, there will still be sunny days alternating with the cool and rainy days. The average temperature in this season is between 15.4C to 17.6C.

During Fall/Autumn (September to November):

Fall is a beautiful season in the Netherlands with its colorful forest. However, it is also the wettest season among the four. This is also when colder temperature starts coming in with the average temperature between 7.4C to 14.9C.

Winter (December to February):

The Netherlands also have a cold winter. But compare to Toronto, the Netherlands is warmer. It has an average temperatures ranging from 2.5C to 4C. The daylight hours also gets shorter like things here in Toronto.

Resource:

https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/netherlands#seasons

https://www.holland.com/global/tourism/getting-around/interests/season

How has Tokyo's urban planning influenced its public transportation system?

Source: Urban Planning in Tokyo

This source discusses the evolution of urban planning in Tokyo, focusing on how its strategies have shaped the development of its highly efficient public transportation system. It emphasizes how Tokyo's urban design, considering its limited space and high population density, has led to the creation of a transportation network that is efficient, reliable, and integrated into the city's infrastructure.

Summary:

Tokyo’s public transportation system is one of the best in the world, and this success is largely due to its urban planning. The city’s transportation network includes an extensive system of trains, buses, and subways, all designed to minimize congestion and make the most of limited space. Tokyo’s planners have created densely packed areas around train stations, which encourages the use of public transportation over personal vehicles.

The city’s transportation system also plays a key role in minimizing traffic congestion, reducing pollution, and making the city more sustainable. The integration of transportation and residential areas has encouraged people to rely on public transit instead of owning cars. Moreover, the consistent investment in the system and its continuous updates ensure that it meets the growing needs of the population.

Link: https://storeys.com/toronto-learn-tokyo-japan-urban-planning/

Destination: Costa Rica

Answer: In San Jose Costa Rica, several edible plants are commonly grown. These include green sapote, a sweet fruit often eaten fresh or in desserts; coquito a palm with coconut-flavored seeds; banana's and pinapples and coffee renowned for its quality.

Resource: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/sep/17/every-time-the-planes-pass-my-eyes-burn-the-hidden-cost-of-costa-rican-bananas

Research question- What are three types of trees or vegetation in the region? How are these varieties important to people and culture?

Answer- In the Zwolle region of the Netherlands, three important types of trees and vegetation include:

1. Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris): This evergreen tree is common in the Dutch landscape and is important for timber production. It also helps in reforestation and maintaining biodiversity.

2. Common Oak (Quercus robur): A symbol of strength and longevity, the oak is culturally significant in the Netherlands, often seen in parks and historical sites. It provides habitat for wildlife and is used in carpentry and construction.

3. Heather (Calluna vulgaris): Common in heathlands, this plant is crucial for maintaining soil health and preventing erosion. It also has cultural significance in local folklore and is used in traditional crafts.

These varieties are important not only for their ecological roles but also for their cultural connections, such as in traditional Dutch festivals and crafts.

Resources- Dutch Nature Guide - Natuurmonumenten

• Trees and Plants of the Netherlands - Plantentuin

Question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in that region.

Peach Palm trees are a tree indigenous to Central and South America with two edible uses. The fruits are savory with a starchy textures, which are cooked, boiled or preserved. The inner core of the tree is used for hearts of palm.

Maracuyá and granadilla are two varieties of passionfruit grown in Costa Rica. Passion fruit are known for their distinctive seeds and tart flavour. The peak production is during the rainy season.

Costa Rica is famous for it's coffee, the best beans are said to be grown in the Los Santos Tarrazu region.

Cocoa beans are a favourite of humans and Costa Rican jungle animals alike. And is high in calcium and antioxidants.

Yams are a tropical plant similar to the sweet potato which thrive in seasonally dry areas.

Sources:

https://www.vacationscostarica.com/travel/costa-rica-products/

https://www.feedipedia.org/node/567

https://espressocoffeeguide.com/gourmet-coffee/coffees-of-the-americas/costa-rica-coffee/#varietals

https://www.edibleplants.net/countries/costa-rica/

https://osatropicalproperties.com/blog/gardening-in-costa-rica-how-to-produce-food-locally

• Rich Biodiversity: Costa Rica is home to around 5% of the world's biodiversity, despite covering only 0.03% of the Earth's land surface. It hosts over 500,000 species of animals and plants!

• Quetzal Bird: The resplendent quetzal, considered a sacred bird by the ancient Maya, is found in Costa Rica. Its vibrant green and red plumage and long tail feathers make it one of the most beautiful birds in the world.

• Spider Monkeys: Costa Rica is home to both the howler monkey and the spider monkey. The spider monkey’s long tail can function like a fifth limb, helping them swing from tree to tree with ease.

• Sea Turtles: Costa Rica is one of the most important nesting sites for sea turtles, including the endangered leatherback and green turtles. Tortuguero National Park is a key location for turtle conservation.

Research question: How different is the weather there from the weather you are used to?

Answer: Between Japan and Toronto, Toronto is colder than Japan, and most of Japan doesn't snow except for Hokkaido, while for Toronto, it snows through all of Canada. I'll be visiting Tokyo from February 22 to March 7. In Tokyo, it won't be as cold as Toronto. It'll feel like fall/spring weather in Japan when it's winter wonderland in Canada

https://www.worlddata.info/climate-comparison.php?r1=canada&r2=japan#google_vignette

research questions: What are three important species of wildlife or birds in the region? How are they important?

answer: Resplendent Quetzal, Scarlet Macaw, and the three-toed sloth.

they are important because they help with the ecosystem, nutreint cycling.

https://costarica.org/animals/

Research question: What are three important species of wildlife or birds in your region? How are they important?

Kitsune/Fox

The kitsune is deeply woven into Japanese folklore, mythology, and even religious traditions. It is often associated with Inari Ōkami, the Shinto deity of rice, prosperity, and agriculture.

Cultural Importance:

1. Messengers of Inari: Kitsune are believed to serve Inari, and you’ll often see fox statues guarding Shinto shrines, especially at places like Fushimi Inari Shrine in Kyoto.

2. Shape-Shifters: Kitsune can transform into beautiful women, sometimes marrying humans. However, they often trick people for fun or revenge.

3. Nine-Tailed Fox: In some myths, older kitsune grow multiple tails, with the Kyūbi no Kitsune (Nine-Tailed Fox)being the most powerful and magical.

Ecological Importance:

In real life, Japanese red foxes (Vulpes vulpes japonica) play an important role in controlling populations of rodents and small animals in forests and farmlands. They are highly adaptable and even live near human settlements.

Would you like to hear a kitsune folklore story? There are many fascinating ones!

The Tanuki (Nyctereutes viverrinus), or Japanese raccoon dog, is one of the most famous animals in Japanese culture. While I initially focused on species with ecological significance in Osaka, the tanuki is undoubtedly important both culturally and ecologically.

Tanuki (Nyctereutes viverrinus)

• Cultural Importance: The tanuki is deeply embedded in Japanese folklore as a mischievous and shape-shifting creature. Statues of tanuki with big bellies and straw hats are often seen outside restaurants and shops, symbolizing prosperity and good fortune.

• Ecological Importance: In Osaka, tanuki live in both urban and rural areas, helping control rodent and insect populations. They are highly adaptable and can survive in city parks, forests, and even near human settlements.

Japanese Giant Salamander (Andrias japonicus)

• Importance: Although more common in rural areas, this ancient amphibian is a national natural treasure of Japan. It is a key indicator of water quality, as it only thrives in clean rivers. Conservation efforts in Osaka help protect this species and improve river ecosystems. Also some might believe that it's the origin of the Kappa—a water-dwelling creature in Japanese folklore.

Resource:

https://japanesegallery.com/anime_and_manga/blog-page/anime-manga/japanese-folklore-yokai-the-kitsune-and-the-tanuki.html

Research question- Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region.

In the Netherlands, tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, zucchini, pattypan squash, lettuce, and kale can all be easily grown and are edible, as the soil is fertile and the weather is favorable.

Source- https://www.dutchgrowers.info/resources/edible-container-gardening

Research question: What are 3 important species of wildlife/birds in the region? How are they important?

1. Sloths: the two-toed and three-toed sloths are the national symbols of Costa Rica. Sloths symbolize the Costa Rican idea of "pura vida" meaning pure life, which values appreciation of life, art, local narratives and contentment. The sloth also represents the country's commitment to wildlife and rainforest preservation, as well as ecotourism.

2. Scarlet Macaw: the scarlet macaw is a large psittacine (parrot) native to some parts of Costa Rica, drawing many twitchers (bird watchers who travel specifically to see rare birds) to the country. The bird is known for its striking red, blue and yellow plumage and personality, easily standing out against the lush landscapes. The scarlet macaw population drastically declined in the 90s due to deforestation and poaching for the illegal pet trade, leading the country to devise a conservation effort to stop the local population's decline. The scarlet macaw population in the Central Pacific region of Costa Rica went from 300 in 1994 to 687 parrots in 2022.

3. Sea turtles: Costa Rica is known for the several species of endangered sea turtles that nest and hatch on both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts. The most common species is the Olive Ridley sea turtle, one of the smallest sea turtles averaging at only about 2 feet long. The beaches of Costa Rica are also where the leatherback, hawksbill, loggerhead and green sea turtles lay their eggs, all ranging from Critically Endangered to Vulnerable according to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).

Sources:

https://costarica.org/animals/

https://crie.cr/costa-ricas-national-animals-and-their-significance/

https://slothconservation.org/the-sloth-a-new-national-symbol-for-costa-rica/

https://earth.org/scarlet-macaw-conservation/

https://costa-rica-guide.com/nature/wildlife/turtle-nesting/

https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/sea-turtle

Research question: what are some traditional foods in La Fortuna?

Resource: this article talks about the different local foods you can find in different areas of Costa Rica

Research Question: How much rain does the rainforest in La Fortuna get?

Resource: "This article talks about the heavy rainfall in rainforests, and how rain is apart of the experience. https://costaricatravelblog.com/la-fortuna-weather/

Research Question : What are three important species of wildlife or birds in the region? How are they important?

Answer :

Sika deer :

Sika deer hold cultural importance, believers of Shinto believe sika deer to be sacred animals that act as messengers of the gods.

https://www.japan-experience.com/plan-your-trip/to-know/traveling-japan/japanese-deer

They also contribute to vegetation control as their diet primairly consists of plants like leaves, herbs, fungi etc.

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cervus_nippon

Crow :

In Japanese culture and mythology crows are considered to be symbols of guidance and divine messangers, or a bad omen or death

They scavenge for food and foodwaste and are often attracted to large piles of trash

https://www.sakesocial.com/blogs/guide/crow-dog

Japanese Red fox :

Japanese Red foxes are predators that eat a variety of things like rodents and rabbit, barries, fruits or berries and bugs. They also have a significance in Japanese folklore and Shinto, foxes have a deep connection to the inari shrines of Japan, foxes are beleived to be the messngers of Inari which is why you may find many fox statues around shrines.

https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3915.html

Resources:

https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3915.html

https://www.sakesocial.com/blogs/guide/crow-dog

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cervus_nippon

https://www.japan-experience.com/plan-your-trip/to-know/traveling-japan/japanese-deer

Research question: what are some traditional foods in La Fortuna?

Resource: this article explained the different type of food in Costa rica

Research Question: What are three important species of wildlife or birds in the region? How are they important?

Resources: Costa Rica is renowned for its rich biodiversity, hosting a variety of wildlife and bird species. There are so many different types of wildlife and Birds in this region that it was hard to choose only three.. Here are three species I think are interesting: 1) Leatherback Sea Turtle (Endangered). 2) Red-Eyed Tree Frog. 3) Resplendent Quetzal

Websites/Articles For Further Information:

• Top 10 Animals and Wildlife in Costa Rica - Animals Around The Globe

• Wild Life

• Education Search | National Geographic Society

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Research question: What are three important species or birds in the region? How are they important?

Jamaica’s bird life is composed of about 307 species, including 127 breeding species and 180 migrants. Twenty-nine species are endemic, and there are four endemic genera: Streamertails (Trochilus); Yellow-shouldered Grassquit (Loxipasser); Orangequit (Euneornis); and Jamaican Blackbird (Nesopsar).

The Vireo osburni is an endemic Jamaican bird that is listed as ‘Near Threatened’ on the IUCN Red List. The bird has been recorded in the moist lowland and montane forests, degraded forests as well as plantations of Jamaica. Habitat loss is the biggest threat to this species.

The Amazona agilis is a parrot species that is found only in Jamaica. The black bill of the parrot easily distinguishes it from other parrots in its range. It is the smallest Amazona parrot with an average length of only 25 cm. The bird has been recorded in the mountainous rainforests of Jamaica. It is most common in the limestone rainforests of the country. IUCN labels this species as ‘Vulnerable’ as poaching, the capture of the parrots for the pet trade, and habitat destruction threatens the survival of the species

The Trochilus polytmus, is the country’s national bird. It is the most widespread and abundant hummingbird found in the nation. It is, however, found only in the island’s eastern section. The bird is locally known as the “doctor bird.” The birds are colored bright green and have black tails and crowns

Source:

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-28-species-of-birds-found-only-in-jamaica.html

Research question: Name five edible plants grown in the region.

Resource:Kampala, located in the central region of Uganda, has a tropical climate and fertile soils, making it ideal for growing a variety of fruits and herbs. Agriculture is a major part of the local economy, with many residents relying on both small-scale and commercial farming. Common edible plants grown in the region include mangoes, passion fruit, jackfruit, lemongrass, and tamarind. These plants are widely consumed in local dishes, juices, and traditional remedies, and contribute significantly to food security and nutrition in the area.

Source:

• https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/uganda-agricultural-sector

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Destination: Costa Rica April 2025

Costa Rica has two main seasons, not the traditional four seen in temperate regions:

1. Dry Season ("Verano" or Summer):

   • Typically lasts from December to April

   • Characterized by sunny days, minimal rainfall, and higher tourist activity

   • Most noticeable in the Pacific and Central regions

2. Rainy Season ("Invierno" or Winter):

   • Usually runs from May to November

   • Marked by daily afternoon rain showers, lush vegetation, and fewer tourists

   • The Caribbean side (e.g., Limón) has a different rainfall pattern—rain can be more evenly distributed throughout the year with some dry spells in September and October

     
     

Changes Over the Years

Significant changes in these seasonal patterns have been observed due to climate change:

• 🌧 Rainy Season Shifts: The start and end of the rainy season have become less predictable, with delays in onset or extended wet periods.

• ☀️ Longer Dry Seasons: Some regions, particularly in the Pacific Northwest (Guanacaste), have experienced prolonged dry seasons, leading to droughts and water shortages.

• 🌡 Temperature Increases: Average temperatures have risen, particularly in urban and coastal areas. This affects ecosystems, agriculture, and wildlife behavior.

• 💧 Heavier Rainfall Events: When it does rain, the intensity is often greater, increasing the risk of flooding and landslides, especially in mountainous regions.

Research Question: How much rainfall does the country/region receive each year?

Resource: This website explores Osaka's climate throughout the year. Osaka recieves about 1300mm of rain annually.

1. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)

• Category: Herb

• Habitat: Mediterranean hillsides, dry and rocky soil

• Culinary Use: Essential in Provençal and French cuisine; used in stews, meats, and herb blends (e.g., Herbes de Provence)

• Notable Properties: Antiseptic, aromatic

2. Wild Garlic (Allium ursinum)

• Category: Herbaceous plant

• Habitat: Moist, shaded woodlands across central and northern France

• Culinary Use: Leaves used in pesto, soups, and salads

• Notable Properties: Strong garlic scent, high in vitamin C

3. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

• Category: Wild edible plant

• Habitat: Grasslands, meadows, roadside areas

• Culinary Use: Leaves in salads; roots roasted as coffee substitute

• Notable Properties: Digestive aid, detoxifier

4. Nettle (Urtica dioica)

• Category: Wild leafy plant

• Habitat: Woodland edges, riverbanks, rural gardens

• Culinary Use: Cooked like spinach; used in soups and teas

• Notable Properties: High in iron and calcium

5. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

• Category: Herb

• Habitat: Coastal and inland Mediterranean regions

• Culinary Use: Flavoring for roasted meats, potatoes, and breads

• Notable Properties: Antioxidant, aromatic stimulant

Conclusion:
These edible plants and herbs are integral to French culinary traditions and local foraging culture, offering both nutritional and medicinal benefits.

Let me know if you want this in table format or expanded.

Research Question: How much rainfall does the country/region receive each year?

Answer: Rainfall is generally abundant in central and southern Japan, where it typically ranges from 1,300 to 2,000 mm (51 to 78 in) per year. In Tokyo, it is around 1,600 mm (63 in) of rainfall per year.

Resource: Japan climate: average weather, temperature, rain, when to go

Research Question: How many seasons are in the country and what are they? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years (ie. temperature/rainfall)?

Resource: This article speaks about the four seasons that the country has and its changes over the years. Winters have reportedly gotten warmer that the usual seasonal tempertaure and much more rainy weather than normal.

Research question : How much rainfall does this region experience annually ?

Answer: Annual average
precipitation: 732 mm

Reference:

https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-precipitation-Rainfall,nottingham,United-Kingdom

Research Question: Name five edible plants (herbs, fruit, vegetables) grown in the region

Resource: In South Korea, common edible plants include Kkaennip (Perilla leaves), Gam (Persimmon), Chamoe (Korean melon), Yeoulmu (young radish greens), and Goguma (Sweet potato). These are popular in Korea and usually grown in small farms or warmer regions. Compared to Canada's cooler climate and large-scale farming, Korea's growing conditions allow for sweeter fruits like Korean melon, and softer chestnut- like sweet potato. Korean produce often has bolder or more distinct flavours. They are often enjoyed fresh, streamed, grilled, or used in traditional dishes like banchan (side dishes) and desserts. These ingredients not only reflect Korea's argricultural practices but also its seasonal and health focused approach to food.

Source: https://goseongguy.com/growing-fruits-and-vegetables-in-korea/

Research question:
How many seasons are in the country and what are they? Have there been significant changes in these seasons over the years (i.e., temperature/rainfall)?

Answer:
The Netherlands has four distinct seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter.

Spring (March–May): Mild temperatures with increasing sunshine. Flowers such as tulips bloom during this season, and rainfall is moderate.

Summer (June–August): Generally cool to warm, with average temperatures around 20–25°C. Rainfall occurs regularly, and heatwaves are becoming more common.

Autumn (September–November): Cooler temperatures, increased rainfall, and stronger winds. Leaves change color and days become shorter.

Winter (December–February): Cold and often wet, with temperatures usually just above freezing. Snow is possible but has become less frequent.

Over the years, the Netherlands has experienced significant changes in its seasons due to climate change. Average temperatures have increased, summers have become warmer with more frequent heatwaves, and winters are milder with less snow and ice. Rainfall patterns have also changed, with heavier rain occurring in shorter periods, increasing the risk of flooding.

Source:

https://www.netherlands-tourism.com/weather-climate-netherlands/

https://klimaatadaptatienederland.nl/en/knowledge-dossiers/themes/climate-change/how-climate-netherlands-changing/