• Machine Languages: Binary code only understood by a computer through CPU.

• Compiled Languages (C# and Java)

  • These languages are used to develop systems programs, such as operating systems or hardware drivers.

  • They are also used for managing parts of the computer system such as memory and data transfer.

  • Compiled languages are also called low-level programs because they are very close to the actual hardware of a machine.

• Interpreted Languages (Python and JavaScript): Interpreted languages are the most abstracted from machine language that is designed to be self-describing (Both easily readable by humans, but also the syntax of the code tells the developer what the code does).

• inputs are information received by a computer

• a computer can only perform a function after receiving an input

• Web developers build interfaces for users to provide input through keyboards, computer mouses, or even touchscreens and microphones. Computers can also receive input automatically through devices like sensors.  

• The computer must translate the data it receives from the input devices into binary code for the computer to either store or process

• Binary code, also known as machine code, is a system that represents all data as either 0’s or 1’s (or false/true or off/on)

• Binary code is the only language that a computer can understand

Processing :

• When a computer receives data, in the form of 0’s and 1’s, it must transform that data. The computer transforms the data into anything from numbers, to letters, to simple commands.

• Processing is the series of actions that a computer takes when it receives data. The programs that web developers write will tell the computer what to do with the data that it receives.

• The computer mainly performs logical operations because the data is converted into 0’s and 1’s.  

Output :

• Output is the result of the computer transforming input data, through processing, into usable information

• A computer’s output might be letters, numbers, photos, videos, or audio. Users can receive this output in different ways including via device screens, speakers, and even external devices such as printers

• Similarly to input devices, output devices must do some translation. They decode machine code from the computer into a format that users can understand. 

Storage

• Storage refers to how a device retains information. Web developers need to be aware of, and need to know how to use, short-term storage and long-term storage.  

• Short-term storage also called volatile memory, stores data while the device is running.

• Websites store data that web pages will use while the user is interacting with it. The data is stored in short-term memory, called random access memory (RAM)

• Example : When a customer enters an order, the web page will hold the data in short-term memory until the customer clicks or taps a button to submit the order.

• Long-term storage will retain information even after the device is powered down.

• Devices like solid-state drives (SDD) or hard disk drives (HDD) are used for long-term storage.

• Websites create small files that store information called cookies. A cookie stores user-specific data such as the last time that the user visited the site, how long before they need to log in again, and other data.

• The device’s long term storage stores cookies, which persist between site sessions. A session is the time a user is on a website in one continuous block of time. 

  
  

  
  

The code is run on the users device, and its main focus is website layout and visual design elements

It's priority is user experience and accessibility, ablity to use websites in multiple devices.

Languages used : HTML, CSS, JavaScript

Back End Devlopment

The code is run on website's server and its main focus is logic, integration and data management.

Its priority is security, data integrity and server responsiveness

Languages used: JavaScript, Java, Python

1. The translator (a compiler or interpreter) checks the code to ensure the syntax is correct. It also confirms that the code follows the rules of the language. If it finds an error, the translator stops and provides information to you about what the error is and where it occurred.

2. The translator converts the code into machine language. The computer’s brain, the CPU, can’t use the code until it’s in a language it can understand, which is machine language.

3. The computer’s operating system opens the translated code, reads the program’s instructions, and executes those instructions.