Gender & Politics by hande öztürk https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz en-us 2023-01-24 10:39:44 UTC 2023-01-24 11:56:48 UTC hello@padlet.com Q-1 handeozturk1245 https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz/wish/2454483466
1- What does Rousseau believe to be natural characterstics for men and women? 

2- What kind of education and marriage he sees fit for women? 

3- How does he justify his arguments? 

Answer-1
Rousseau defined natural inequality as that which is formed intrinsically in the body by nature, such as inequalities in physical strength and intelligence, but his notion of moral inequality rests on "tradition and is established… by the permission of mankind". He contends that there is no link between the two: the weak or ignorant can nevertheless be wealthy or influential in a community, because cultural customs are set exclusively by men between themselves based on their impressions of one another. In nature, individuals who are stronger and more intellectual survive longer than others who lack these attributes since each is totally responsible for his or her own existence. Life is lived in seclusion in the state of nature, such that encounters with other humans occur mainly by accident, and primitive man first lives primarily as a creature of instinct. According to Rousseau, men and women meet by accident in nature, and mothers nurse their children just for as long as the youngster needs on them for existence. They separate and live alone again after the youngster is old enough to fend for himself.
Answer-2
While Rousseau is typically lauded for his thoughts on human equality, he did not feel women deserve equality. Women, according to Rousseau, required males for their well-being since they were less sensitive than men. He contended that males desired women but did not require them to exist, but women both sought and required men. In "Emile," he discusses the disparity between what he feels women and men require in school. Rousseau believes that because a woman's primary goal in life is to be a wife and mother, she does not need to be educated to the level that males historically have.
Answer-3
While Rousseau is typically lauded for his thoughts on human equality, he did not feel women deserved equality. Women, according to Rousseau, required males for their well-being since they were less sensible than men. He contended that males desired women but did not require them to exist, but women both sought and required men. In "Emile," he discusses the disparity between what he feels women and men require in school. Rousseau believes that because a woman's primary goal in life is to be a wife and mother, she does not need to be educated to the level that males historically have.


]]> 2023-01-24 10:55:53 UTC https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz/wish/2454483466 Q-2 handeozturk1245 https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz/wish/2454508283 Answer to " According to Lock, if something is natural, is it just? What differs him from Rousseau?

For Locke, the lack of government, but not the absence of mutual duty, characterizes the state of nature. Aside from self-preservation, the law of nature, or reason, instructs "all humanity, who but consider it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to hurt another in his life, liberty, or belongings."
Individuals agree to join a commonwealth (and therefore leave nature) in order to establish an impartial power capable of arbitrating their disputes and redressing injustices. Locke's belief that the rights to life, liberty, and property are natural rights that exist prior to the foundation of civil society impacted the American Revolution and contemporary liberalism in general. 

Unlike Locke, Rousseau's political theory was founded on the concept of the state of nature. He was passionately opposed to Hobbes' view of a natural state marked by social conflict. Rousseau contended that the state of nature could only refer to a primaeval stage preceding socialization; it is thus devoid of social qualities like as pride, envy, or even fear of others.



]]> 2023-01-24 11:21:24 UTC https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz/wish/2454508283 Q-3 handeozturk1245 https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz/wish/2454522936 A-1
According to Pateman, what is the biggest failure of liberal writers with respect to gender equality?

According to Pateman's reasoning, women's subordination is embedded into the fundamental core of liberal-democratic politics via the sexual contract, making it impossible for women to figure as the "individuals" of liberal contract theory. She criticizes the concept that one can remove the prior bias while keeping the core principles intact, arguing that women were not so much excluded from the original social contract as they were incorporated under circumstances considerably different from those that applied to males. The issues are far more serious.

The emphasis on embodied difference and the critique of gender neutrality is a second element in Pateman's work that has influenced modern feminist theory. In recent decades, liberalism has been heavily chastised for its socially disembedded vision of the individual, to the point that it is difficult to find a liberal who admits to holding this perspective.

A-2
Men dominate the public realm, whereas women are mostly confined to the private sphere. This duality has worked to solidify the patriarchal system and secure women's subjugation. Women, for example, find it harder to discuss concerns that affect them. Reproductive rights, the glass ceiling, domestic labor division, and fair pay have rarely received the same level of attention as the problems that dominate the public realm. The political process favours the public domain while essentially neglecting the private sector.

Men's domination over the political process has been maintained from generation to generation through marginalizing the private realm.

]]> 2023-01-24 11:36:01 UTC https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz/wish/2454522936 Q-4 handeozturk1245 https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz/wish/2454536144 A-1
Feminist theory is regarded as one of the important theories that contributed to the science of international relations in the 1980s. It was mirrored in other ideas such as critical theory and post-positivist ideologies. Since its introduction into the study of international relations more than three decades ago, feminist theory has remained one of the most prominent axes of contention among the positivist and critical currents. Some regard it as an outsider with knowledge of security, defence, conflict, and diplomacy, whilst others perceive feminist theory as a significant addition since it throws light on particular topics in the study of international relations. The most important is the role of women, their reality, and their position on issues that are studied and contribute to feminist theory with what its studies presented made a significant contribution to developing the science of international relations and adding an important aspect to the gender issue. It is also included in the idea of power interactions in international relations as a social concept. ]]> 2023-01-24 11:49:40 UTC https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz/wish/2454536144 Q-5 handeozturk1245 https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz/wish/2454543783 Fiona Robinson explains in The Ethics of Care how the obligations of supporting life are crucial to the battle for basic human security. She uses a feminist lens to address gender biases in rights-based, individualist methods. Robinson's extensive and passionate examination of care in both ethical and practical terms gives a beginning point for recognizing and treating the material, emotional, and psychological situations that lead to people's insecurity. The Ethics of Care investigates the theoretical implications of "care ethics" and "security" in a range of situations, including women's work in the global economy, humanitarian intervention and peacebuilding, healthcare, and childcare. This critical examination, both theoretically original and policy-relevant, illustrates the necessity to grasp the constraints and inequities that block the equitable and appropriate delivery of care across the world.]]> 2023-01-24 11:56:48 UTC https://padlet.com/handeozturk1245/86m73luo12qul4xz/wish/2454543783