Diagnostic Groups in TR by https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR RTH 329 en-us 2018-09-09 21:59:56 UTC 2025-04-10 19:00:31 UTC hello@padlet.com Definitions dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283107624 Developmental Disabilities: a group of conditions due to an impairment in physical learning, language, or behavior areas that begin during the developmental period (CDC, 2018).

Intellectual Disability: a disability originating before the age of 18, characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills (AAIDD, 2018).

ASD: a developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. There is a wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience (NIH, 2018).  ]]> 2018-09-18 18:44:45 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283107624 Causes of ASD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283107789 -There are no exact causes of ASD
-development can be affected and lead to ASD by certain genes that are influenced being influenced by the environment 
-Risk factors:
* Having a sibling with ASD
* Having older parents
* Very low birth weight 
* Certain genetic conditions like Down Syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and Rett syndrome

]]> 2018-09-18 18:45:02 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283107789 Systems affected by ASD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283107859 -Mitochondrial system: some people with ASD have mitochondria that do not function to their full ability (not enough ATP produced for energy and not enough calcium signaled for the SR).
-Immune system: imbalances of immune system cells (lower levels of lymphocytes) and cytokines (more cytokines IL-1, IL5, IL8 and IL-12, the more severe the stereotypical behaviors). The immune system can affect the mitochondria negatively.
-Gastrointestinal system: symptoms of abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea and or constipation, and gastro esophageal reflux disease were common in people with ASD.
Neurological system: there are anatomical differences in the cerebellum and amygdala.  There are motor delays repetitive behaviors shown in people with ASD.

]]> 2018-09-18 18:45:11 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283107859 Common secondary conditions in ASD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283107935 -ADHD
-Autoimmune diseases
-Crohn's disease
-Dyslexia
-Motor coordination disorder
-Epilepsy
-Fragile X syndrome
-Dyskinesia

]]> 2018-09-18 18:45:17 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283107935 Effective Treatments in ASD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283108111 -Behavior and communication therapy (can reduce problem behaviors or teach new skills)
-Educational therapies: highly structured educational programs that include a team of specialists and a wide range of actives to improve social skills, communication, and behavior.
-Speech, occupational, or physical therapy: communication, activites of daily living, and improving movement and balance respectively. 
-Medications: they cannot improve the core signs of ASD, but they can help control symptoms]]> 2018-09-18 18:45:38 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283108111 Causes of Intellectual Disability dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283109351 - Infections that are present at birth or occur after birth
- Chromosomal abnormalities (Down syndrome)
-Environmental factors
-Metabolic (hyperbilirubinemia or very high bilirubin levels in babies)
- Malnutrition 
- Intrauterine exposure to alcohol, amphetamines, and other 🤬
- Trauma 
-Unexplained reasons

]]> 2018-09-18 18:47:50 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283109351 Effective Recreational Therapy interventions for Intellectual Disability dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283109607 - Functional skills: The RT could play frisbee or a board game that involves fine motor skills.  This could help with better coordination and everyday activites
- Cognitive skills: To improve cognitive skills, a RT could play memory card games. The client might not even realize they are exercising their mind while play the game. 
- Social skills: Individuals with ID could learn from modeling of your behavior. They could also learn by being put in a group setting and being taught how to appropriately communicate with their peers.  For example, you could have them join a baseball game or go bowling.
**It is important to remember that each client will have different hobbies and interests. People with ID are also not at the same skill levels.]]> 2018-09-18 18:48:15 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283109607 TR Takeaway dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283109862 2018-09-18 18:48:41 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/283109862 Importance of timing of diagnosis of a sensory impairment (congenital vs. acquired) dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662059 *It is important to have infants and children go into the doctor for regular testing. If the baby is born with a sensory impairment, it is known as a congenital diagnosis. Health professionals need to be able to diagnose the infant with the specific impairment, so the parents can get the baby needed help. Most neural connections are formed within the first three years of life and without vision or hearing, there can be developmental delays. For example, babies are able to form connections by seeing their parents and hearing their voice. They might also miss out on important cues in social environments. With interventions and proper help, the child will be able to learn in an adapted way. *For children or even adults diagnosed with a sensory impairment, it is important they get the support needed. Acquired diagnoses occur over the course of someone's life. If an individual gets diagnosed with a visual or hearing impairment, it can be very tough. They need support and therapy to help them go through major life changes. ]]> 2018-09-22 18:34:51 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662059 Causes of hearing loss dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662133 -Inherited hearing loss: From a genetic trait passed down from a parent that can be conductive, sensorineural or mixed 
  *Waardenburg syndrome
  *Branchiootorenal syndrome
  *Usher syndrome
  *Pendred syndrome
-Age-related hearing loss: gradual loss of hearing that occurs over time
-Noise-induced hearing loss: caused by prolonged exposure to loud noise including traffic, construction work, noisy office environments, and loud music.
-Illness-related hearing loss: diseases that result in loss in hearing 
   *Otosclerosis
   *Meniere's disease
-Unilateral hearing loss (Single Sided Deafness):  hearing loss that occurs in just one ear
   * causes include..trauma to the ear, autoimmune ear diseases, excessive noise exposure to one ear, genetics, illnesses or infections
-Ototoxic medication including aminoglycoside antibiotics, aspirin, and chemotherapy 🤬 have been linked to permanent hearing loss
-Head trauma and tumors ]]> 2018-09-22 18:36:12 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662133 Types and degrees of hearing loss dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662159  Types of hearing loss:
  • Auditory processing disorders- brain cannot process the information contained in sound
  • Conductive hearing loss- happens when their is a problem with the Outer or Middle Ear so the sound cannot be passed to the Inner Ear
  • Sensorineural Hearing Loss- occurs when the Cochlea and/or auditory never is damaged or malfunctions making it unable to accurately send the electrical information to the brain
  • Mixed Hearing Loss- occurs when both Conductive Hearing Loss and Sensorineural Hearing Loss are present
Degrees of Hearing Loss:
  • Mild (26-40 dB HL threshold)- difficult to hear soft speech or distinguish sounds when there is background noise
  • Moderate (41-70 dB HL threshold)- difficult to hear conversations, especially when there is background noise
  • Severe (71-90 dB HL threshold)- normal conversations are not audible.
  • Profound (91 dB HL or higher threshold)- may have difficulty understanding even amplified speech
]]> 2018-09-22 18:36:31 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662159 Explaining visual acuity using examples dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662175 Visual Acuity- sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard.  It is how well you can see details.  An example of visual acuity would be the vision tests the doctor gives a patient to test their vision.  Below is one example of a visual acuity exam.  If the patient can read up to a certain line at a certain distance, their visual acuity is said to be very high.

Here is another example of a visual acuity test.
]]> 2018-09-22 18:36:44 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662175 Causes of visual impairments dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662230 -Injury to the eyes while playing or at work due to accidents 
-inherited conditions of blindness and vision impairment (Retinitis pigmentosa)
-infections of the eyes like Trachoma
-Amblyopia which is impaired vision in one eye due to lack of use in childhood
-Cataract is clouding of part or the entire lens of the eye
-Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetes affecting the small blood vessels in the retina
-Glaucoma is due to raised pressure in the eyes that damages the optic nerve
-Age related Macular degeneration is a progressive loss of visual acuity due to damage to the macula]]> 2018-09-22 18:37:29 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662230 RT interventions for hearing loss and visual impairments dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662258 Functional skills: The RT could play catch with a larger ball for a person with a visual impairment. They could also use games that involve textures and sounds for those with visual impairments.  The games could focus on gross motor skills and coordination. For clients with hearing impairments, the RT could kick a soccer ball back and forth, being cautious of games that require the client to hear certain sounds or voices.
Social Skills: The RT should try to focus on ways that the client is comfortable going out in public. They could introduce the client to recreational places in the community that offer support to those with sensory impairments.  They could simply act as another support system for the client by listening and understanding what they are saying.]]> 2018-09-22 18:37:58 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662258 TR takeaway dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662348 2018-09-22 18:39:20 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/284662348 Information regarding Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927220 -DMD is a genetic disorder that involves progressive muscle degeneration and weakness (one of nine types of muscular dystrophy)
-caused by an absence of a protein, dystrophin, which helps keep muscle cells intact
-symptom onset is usually between ages 3 and 5, primarily affecting boys
-there is a steady decline in muscle strength between ages 6 to 11.  By age 10, braces may be needed for walking and by age 13, most boys are using a wheelchair.
-diagnosis can be made by taking a blood test, doing molecular genetic testing, or an electromyography
-there is no cure for DMD, but treatment includes gentle exercise and steroids (Prednisone, Deflazacort, and Oxandrolone)

]]> 2018-10-04 00:59:52 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927220 Information regarding Cerebral Palsy (CP) dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927332 -CP is a disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture that is caused by damage that occurs to the immature, developing brain (most often before birth)
-may have problems swallowing and commonly have eye muscle imbalance
-can also suffer reduced range of motion at various joints of their bodies due to muscle stiffness 
-can use tests like MRI, ultrasound and EEG to diagnose
-treatment includes having medical teams (therapists, social worker, and special education teacher, etc.). Some medications can lessen the tightness of muscles that can improve functional abilities]]> 2018-10-04 01:00:50 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927332 General Symptoms of CP and its Causes dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927470 Symptoms
-variations in muscle tone (too stiff or too floppy)
-stiff muscles and exaggerated reflexes
-lack of muscle coordination
-tremors or involuntary movements
-slow, writhing movements
-seizures
-favoring one side of the body and delays in reaching motor skills milestones
-difficulty with sucking or eating
Causes
-mutations in genes that lead to abnormal brain development
-maternal infections that affect the developing fetus
-fetal stroke, a disruption of blood supply to the developing brain
-infant infections that cause inflammation in or around the brain
-traumatic head injury to an infant from a motor vehicle accident or fall
-lack of oxygen to the brain related to difficult labor or deliver]]> 2018-10-04 01:01:37 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927470 Secondary problems of CP dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927639 -Brain abnormalities associated with CP may contribute to other neurological problems
*difficulty with vision and hearing 
*intellectual disabilities
*seizures
*abnormal touch or pain perceptions
*oral diseases
*mental health (psychiatric) conditions
*urinary incontinence]]> 2018-10-04 01:03:02 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927639 Recreational Therapy Interventions for CP dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927747 -There have been advantages in recreation opportunities in sports like rugby, soccer, and tennis for people in wheelchairs. This can help a child develop interests and enhance a child's self-concept and self-confidence.  It can also be a way to get the child active and ultimately healthier.  Simply playing a group sport can help social skills and decrease anger and anxiety.
-Children can use softer clay for ceramic pots which can improve fine motor skills.
-organized painting instruction using vibrant colors can help children with neurological connection]]> 2018-10-04 01:03:36 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927747 Important Terms dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927850 diplegia: paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body, typically affecting the legs more severely than the arms
hemiplegia: paralysis of one side of the body
quadriplegia: paralysis of all four limbs or of the entire body below the neck
ataxia: loss of coordination of the muscles, especially of the extremities
dysarthria: any of certain disorders of articulation, as stammering or stuttering, caused by a nerve defect
spasticity: pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by spasm, especially tonic spasm
contractures: a shortening or distortion of muscular or connective tissue due to spasm, scar, or paralysis of the antagonist of the contracting muscle
osteopenia: a condition of bone in which there is a generalized reduction in bone mass that is less severe than that in osteoporosis, caused by the resorption of bone at a rate that exceeds bone synthesis]]> 2018-10-04 01:04:13 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288927850 Basic information regarding Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928181 -SCI is damage to any part of the spinal cord or nerves at the end of the spinal canal.  It often causes permanent changes in strength, sensation, and other body below the site of injury
-symptoms
*loss of movements
*loss of altered sensation
*exaggerated reflex activites or spasms
*pain or intense stinging sensation
*difficulty breathing, coughing or clearing secretions from your lungs
-Causes 
*motor vehicle accidents, falls, acts of violence, sports and recreation injuries, alcohol, diseases
-Diagnosis
*Can use tests like X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs
-Treatment
*There's no way to reverse damage to the spinal cord, but prostheses and medications are available. ]]> 2018-10-04 01:06:32 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928181 Classifications of SCI dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928232 -Grade A: complete sensory or motor function loss below the level of injury
-Grade B: sensation is persevered below the level of injury, but motor function is lost
-Grade C: motor function below the level of injury is preserved, with more than half of the main muscles receiving a less than 3 grade on the ASIA motor score
-Grade D: motor function below the level of injury is preserved, with more than half of the main muscles receiving at least 3 or greater grade on he ASIA motor score
Grade E: normal sensation and motor function]]> 2018-10-04 01:06:58 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928232 Type of SCI dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928254 Cervical injuries- (C1-C7) is at the top of the spine and forms the neck. Spinal cord damage in the vertebrae within the cervical spine is the most serious because it can result in loss of function to all areas below the neck
-Thoracic injuries: (T1 to T12) forms the upper portion of the backbone.  This type of injury typically affects the middle of the body and the legs, potentially resulting in paraplegia.
-lumbar injuries- (L1-L5) are the five vertebrae below the thoracic section.  Spinal cord damage here can lead to loss of function at or below the hips and legs.
Sacral injuries- (S1-S5) form the base of the spine or tailbone. Can cause some loss of function at or below the hips and legs.]]> 2018-10-04 01:07:11 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928254 Secondary Problems of SCI dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928339 -Bladder and bowel control: brain may not be able to control your bladder and bowel as well because of damage to message carrier
-skin sensation: below the injury, you may have lost part or all skin sensations which means you will not know when you are injured by prolonged pressure, heat, or cold.
Circulatory control: may be low blood pressure when you rise to swelling of your extremities.  Can increase your risk of developing blood clots.
-Respiratory system: may make it more difficult to breathe and cough if your abdominal and chest muscles are affected.
-Muscle tone: Can experience uncontrolled tightening or motion in the muscles or soft and limp muscles lacking muscle tone
-Fitness and wellness: weight loss and muscle atrophy due to limited mobility .  This can put you at risk for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
- Sexual health: sexuality, fertility, and sexual function may be affected by SCI.
-Pain: muscle or joint pain for overuse of a particular muscle groups.  Also may experience nerve pain.
Depression: coping with changes from a SCI can be difficult]]> 2018-10-04 01:07:44 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928339 Additional Important Terms dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928458 tetraplegia: paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso
paraplegia: paralysis of the legs and lower body, typically caused by spinal injury or disease
complete vs. incomplete injury: complete spinal cord injuries refer to an injury that results in the complete loss of function below the point of injury. While an incomplete 
injury refers to a spinal cord injury in which some feeling or movement is still evident below the point of injury
autonomic dysreflexia: a condition where your involuntary nervous system overreacts to external or bodily stimuli causing a dangerous spike in blood pressure
pressure ulcer: localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear or friction]]> 2018-10-04 01:08:32 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928458 TR Takeaway dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928519 2018-10-04 01:08:53 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/288928519 Definitions dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295240961 pressure ulcer: pressure injuries are localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction.
incontinence: lack of voluntary control over urination or defecation
delirium: serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment
dementia: a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.]]> 2018-10-21 22:10:19 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295240961 Alzheimer's Disease dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295242735 predominant age: Increasing gage is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's.  The majority of people with Alzheimer's are 65 and older.  There can be people that have early-onset Alzheimer's which occurs before the age of 65.
Causes: a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors that affect the brain over time.   The causes of Alzheimer’s Disease are not yet understood, but its effect on the brain is clear.  The disease damages and kills brain cells.  There are fewer connections among neurons in a person’s brain that has Alzheimer’s Disease. The collection of beta-amyloid protein outside of brain cells interferes with cell-to-cell communication.  Another protein, tau, twist into abnormal tangles inside brain cells causing a failure of the transport system.  
 Risk Factors: 
-Age
-family history and genetics
-down syndrome
-women are more likely to develop the disease
-People with mild cognitive impairment
-past head trauma
-lifestyle and heart health
Systems affected:
Central Nervous System: brain abnormalities have been identified in patients with the disease. As the disease progresses, problems with memory and learning occur
Digestive System: swallowing difficulties occur with people with Alzheimer Disease.  They can also have difficulty eating without chocking.  Pneumonia remains a common cause of death among people with Alzheimer’s disease. 
Neuromuscular System: People with advance Alzheimer’s Disease lose the ability to use their muscles in purposeful ways.  They can lose the ability to maintain posture and even walk. 

]]> 2018-10-21 22:27:22 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295242735 Lewy Body Neurocognitive Disorders dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295242846 Define Lewy Body Neurocognitive Disorders (NCD): Protein deposits, called Lewy bodies, develop in nerve cells in the brain regions involved in thinking, memory, and movement. It causes a progressive decline in mental abilities because people with NCD can experience visual hallucinations, and changes in alertness and attention.  
Two related diagnoses: 
-Parkinson's Disease: A progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement.  In the early stages of the disease, the individual’s face may show little or no expression, their arms may not swing when they walk, and their speech may become soft or slowed. 
-Huntington's Disease: An inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain.  It has a big impact on a person’s functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking and psychiatric disorders. 

]]> 2018-10-21 22:28:29 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295242846 TR approaches for people with NCD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295243005 -It is important to understand that people with NCD progress at different rates and their strengths and challenges are all different.
-Communication with family members can be crucial to see what the individual’s hobbies are if they can no longer recall.
-sometimes joy can be rediscovered by participating in the interests the person had before the disorder progressed
-making goals and reviewing them regularly with the client is also beneficial.  It can improve their mood if they know they are improving and growing. 
-doing activites in groups can also be beneficial socially for the client
-active games involving gross motor skills might be useful to keep their muscles active and stronger
 
]]> 2018-10-21 22:30:02 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295243005 Neurocognitive Disorders affecting the family dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295243097 -can be a 24/7 job because the family member might need help doing daily tasks (bathe and dress)
-caregiver might need to manage medications or talking to doctors
-taking care of household chores, meals, or bills 
-it can be difficult to watch an important member of family lose his/her attitudes and cognitive capacities. 
-when providing care for a loved one, sometimes the caregiver can neglect their own needs
-often times the role of caregiver is unexpected, undesirable, and underappreciated so it can take a tole on the caregiver’s health
-can cause stress because the caregiver feels scared, frustrated, angry and depressed
]]> 2018-10-21 22:31:10 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295243097 TR takeaway dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295243249 2018-10-21 22:32:19 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/295243249 Define PTSD and some of its possible causes dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670461 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event, either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event.

Causes: 
-PTSD can develop when an individual goes through, sees, or learns about an event involving actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation
-stressful experiences (amount of severity of trauma you’ve gone through in your life)
-childhood abuse
-having a job that increases your risk of being exposed to traumatic events, like first responders or military personnel
-having other mental health problems, such as anxiety or depression
-having problems with substance misuse
-lack of good support system of family and friends
-having blood relatives with mental health problems 
]]> 2018-10-27 17:31:49 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670461 Systems affected by PTSD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670485 Endocrine system: hormonal disruption (produce less of primary stress hormone cortisol, as bodies have learned to adapt to ongoing stress) Also can be diagnosed with depression and anxiety too. 

Nervous system: the parts of the brain responsible for activating the stress response become more efficient.  Brain structures that handle memory, learning, and cognitive processing shrink.  EEG analysis from the brains of veterans have difficulty coordinating information from multiple sensory channels.  Insomnia is common for people with PTSD.  

]]> 2018-10-27 17:32:05 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670485 Secondary problems of PTSD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670517 People with PTSD are more likely to experience:
-arthritis
-heart-related problems and disease
-respiratory system
-digestive problems and disease
-reproductive system
-diabetes
-pain
-substance misuse involving alcohol, 🤬, caffeine, or nicotine to cope with symptoms
-depression, including the risk of suicide
-anxiety, such as panic disorder, that can lead to additional restrictions because they avoid the trigger
]]> 2018-10-27 17:32:26 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670517 Five categories of symptoms for Schizophrenia dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670554  Delusions. These are false beliefs that are not based in reality. For example, you think that you're being harmed or harassed; certain gestures or comments are directed at you; you have exceptional ability or fame; another person is in love with you; or a major catastrophe is about to occur
Hallucinations. These usually involve seeing or hearing things that don't exist. Can be in any of the senses, but hearing voices is the most common hallucination.
Disorganized thinking (speech). Disorganized thinking is inferred from disorganized speech. Effective communication can be impaired, and answers to questions may be partially or completely unrelated.
Negative symptoms. This refers to reduced or lack of ability to function normally. For example, the person may neglect personal hygiene or appear to lack emotion   

]]> 2018-10-27 17:32:54 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670554 Causes of Schizophrenia dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670577 -no known cause for schizophrenia, but researchers believe it is a combination of genetics, brain chemistry, and environment
-problems with brain chemical like dopamine and glutamate
-different brain and central nervous system structures
]]> 2018-10-27 17:33:10 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670577 Explain the systems affected by Schizophrenia dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670629 Nervous system: Schizophrenia mainly affects the nervous system because it is a disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally.  It can include hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning, and can be disabling
*can lead to suicide, self-injury, anxiety and OCD, depression, abuse of alcohol and other 🤬, inability to attend work or school, legal and financial problems and homelessness, social isolation, health and medical problems due to poor hygiene, being victimized, and aggressive behavior
Immune system: it has been found that before a person is on medication, they can have an overactive immune system
]]> 2018-10-27 17:33:31 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670629 Definitions dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670657 Hallucination: A profound distortion in a person's perception of reality, typically accompanied by a powerful sense of reality. An hallucination may be a sensory experience in which a person can see, hear, smell, taste, or feel something that is not there
Delusion: A false personal belief that is not subject to reason or contradictory evidence and is not explained by a person's usual cultural and religious concepts 
Psychosis: losing touch with reality and seeing, hearing, or believing things that aren’t real
Anhedonia: a psychological condition characterized by inability to experience pleasure in normally pleasurable acts ]]> 2018-10-27 17:33:52 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670657 Define Major Depressive Disorder and its symptoms dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670692 MDD: a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. You may have trouble doing normal day-to-day activities, and sometimes you may feel as if life isn't worth living.
Symptoms:
  • Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness
  • Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
  • Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports
  • Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much
  • Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take extra effort
  • Reduced appetite and weight loss or increased cravings for food and weight gain
  • Anxiety, agitation or restlessness
  • Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements
  • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or self-blame
  • Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things
  • Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts or suicide
  • Unexplained physical problems, such as back pain or headaches
]]> 2018-10-27 17:34:10 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670692 Explain the systems affected by MDD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670751 Nervous system: feelings of sadness and loneliness, insomnia, trouble with memory or decisions, and preoccupation with death
Cardiovascular system: risk of heart attack by causing blood vessels to constrict, weakened immune system so your ability to fight off disease lessens
*Untreated depression can wipe out your energy levels during the day.  Daytime fatigue may also occur from nighttime insomnia
*increased pain sensitivity including headache and other aches
*weight fluctuations because depression can lead to overeating or appetite loss 
]]> 2018-10-27 17:34:43 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670751 Secondary problems of MDD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670791
  • Excess weight or obesity, which can lead to heart disease and diabetes
  • Pain or physical illness
  • Alcohol or drug misuse
  • Anxiety, panic disorder or social phobia
  • Family conflicts, relationship difficulties, and work or school problems
  • Social isolation
  • Suicidal feelings, suicide attempts or suicide
  • Self-mutilation, such as cutting
  • Premature death from medical conditions

    • ]]>     2018-10-27 17:35:00 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670791     Generalized Anxiety Disorder dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670827 Excessive, ongoing anxiety and worry that are difficult to control and interfere with day-to-day activities may be a sign of generalized anxiety disorder
    Symptoms:
    • Persistent worrying or anxiety about a number of areas that are out of proportion to the impact of the events
    • Overthinking plans and solutions to all possible worst-case outcomes
    • Perceiving situations and events as threatening, even when they aren't
    • Difficulty handling uncertainty
    • Indecisiveness and fear of making the wrong decision
    • Inability to set aside or let go of a worry
    • Inability to relax, feeling restless, and feeling keyed up or on edge
    • Difficulty concentrating, or the feeling that your mind "goes blank"
    ]]>     2018-10-27 17:35:23 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670827     Explain the systems affected by GAD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670860 *People with GAD may anticipate disaster and may be overly concerned about money, health, family, work, or other issues. Individuals with GAD find it difficult to control their worry.
    Nervous system: anxiety can cause frequent feelings of impending doom, panic attacks, depression, headaches, and irritability 
    Respiratory system: can cause rapid, shallow breathing, especially when having a panic attack
    Cardiovascular system: heart rate increases in pace and intensity, especially when having a panic attack, increase in blood pressure
    *can have an upset stomach accompanied by nausea and diarrhea
    *extreme fatigue throughout the day and also problems sleeping at night
    *muscle aches and other pains from worrying so often 
    ]]>     2018-10-27 17:35:41 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670860     TR Takeaway dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670869 2018-10-27 17:35:53 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/297670869 Gambling Disorder dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300206874 -uncontrollable urge to keep gambling despite the toll it takes on your life.  It stimulates the brain's reward system much like 🤬 or alcohol can, leading to addiction
    -in the DSM-5, the condition has been re-classified as an addictive disorder.  There is data that suggests a closer relationship between gambling disorder and substance use disorders than between gambling disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.  
    -Ex) Most primary substance use disorders seek to activate the brain's reward meanisms while the behaviors characterizing OCD are prompted by overactive and misplaced signals from the brain's fear mechanisms]]>     2018-11-04 16:51:36 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300206874     Causes of Gambling Disorder dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207001 -The cause is not well-understood, but it could result from a combination of biological, genetic, and environmental factors.
    Risk Factors include:
    -individuals with other mental health disorders like depression, anxiety, and personality disorders
    -more common in younger and middle-aged people
    -more common in men than women
    -friend or family influence
    -certain personality characteristics like being highly competitive, a workaholic, impulsive, restless, or easily bored
    -🤬 called dopamine agonists have a rare side effect that may result in compulsive behaviors

    ]]>     2018-11-04 16:52:19 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207001     Systems affected by Gambling Disorder and secondary problems dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207058 Nervous system: Ventral striatum, located in the brain, is the brain's reward center, and it has been implicated in reward processing as well as substance abuse. People with gambling disorders have lower activation in reward pathways, so they are drawn to ways that stimulate their pathways like highs of gambling.
    *Can lead to loss of sleep, social isolation and bad hygiene but mainly affects the brain
    Secondary Problems:
    -relationship problems
    -financial problems, including bankruptcy
    -legal problems or imprisonment
    -poor work performance or job loss
    -poor general health
    -suicide, suicide attempts or suicidal thoughts ]]>     2018-11-04 16:52:44 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207058     Definitions dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207144 Anorexia nervosa: eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of weight
    Bulimia nervosa: serious, potentially life- threatening eating disorder where people secretly binge (eat large amounts of food with a loss of control over the eating) and then purge, trying to get rid of the extra calories in an unhealthy way
    Binge-eating disorder: eating disorder which you frequently consume unusually large amounts of food and feel unable to stop eating. Excessive overeating that feels out of control and becomes a regular occurrence
    Pica: eating disorder defined as the persistent ingestion of non-nutritive substances for at least 1 month at an age where the behavior is developmentally inappropriate (persistent eating of substances such as dirt or paint that have no nutritional value]]>     2018-11-04 16:53:18 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207144     Causes of Eating Disorders dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207191 *Exact cause of eating disorders is unknown 
    -genetics and biology: brain chemicals and certain genes can increase their risk 
    -psychological and emotional health: people with eating disorders may have low self-esteem, perfectionism, impulsive behavior, and troubled relationships]]>     2018-11-04 16:53:36 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207191     Systems affected by eating disorders dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207234  Cardiovascular system: due to severe calorie restrictions, the body does not receive adequate energy through food, so its processes slow down.  Low blood pressure and irregular heart rhythms occur
    Endocrine system: women often stop menstruating, and the body has a difficult time regulating its temperature
    Bone density decreases causing premature osteoporosis and increasing the risk of bone fractures
    Circulatory system: low white blood cells count, so low immunity
    Urinary system: kidneys suffer damage due to prolonged dehydration and kidney failure is a possibility
    Esophagus can become raw and inflamed in people with bulimia
    Nervous system: depression can occur with an eating disorder 

    ]]>     2018-11-04 16:53:53 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207234     Secondary problems of eating disorders dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207984 -serious health problems since the body is not getting the necessary nutrients
    -depression and anxiety
    -suicidal thoughts or behavior
    -problems with growth and development
    -social and relationship problems
    work and school issues
    -death

    ]]>     2018-11-04 16:58:24 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300207984     Causes of Substance Related Disorders dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300208092 -several factors contribute to the development of drug addiction
    Environment: family's beliefs and attitudes and exposure to a peer group that encourages drug use, seem to play a role in initial drug use
    Genetics: once starting using the drug, the development into addiction can be influenced by inherited traits, which may delay or speed up the disease progression
    Risk Factors:
    -family history of addiction
    -mental health disorder
    -peer pressure
    -lack of family involvement
    -early use
    -taking a highly addictive drug]]>     2018-11-04 16:59:03 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300208092     Systems affected by Substance Related Disorders dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300208336 -Respiratory System: could get lung cancer from inhaling 🤬
    -Find it hard to sleep, think, reason, remember, and solve problems
    -The 🤬 can harm every system in your body, depending on the substance.  Throat, stomach, lungs, liver, pancreas, heart, brain, and nervous system
    -Immune system: more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors and sharing needles
    -Circulatory system: needle marks and collapsed veins
    -Acne, or skin lesions 
    -baldness or male pattern hair growth in women
    -jaw and teeth issues due to clenching and grinding your teeth
    -mood swings and erratic behavior]]>     2018-11-04 17:00:34 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300208336     Secondary problems of Substance Related Disorders dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300208406 -Getting a communicable disease (HIV for example through unsafe sex or by sharing needles)
    -other health problems (ranging from short term and long term mental and physical problems)
    -Accidents (doing dangerous activities like driving while under the influence
    -Suicide
    -Family problems 
    -Work issues]]>     2018-11-04 17:00:51 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300208406     TR Takeaway dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300208483 2018-11-04 17:01:13 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/300208483 CVA (stroke) dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303059660 A stroke is loss of blood flow to part of the brain. Brain cells die because they are deprived of oxygen. Depending on the area that is not receiving blood, a person may experience loss of memory, movement, speech, or other disabilities. If blood flow is restored or pressure is relieved quickly, the brain can fully recover.
    Ischemic stroke: occurs when a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the brain.  Medications that dissolve a clot can prevent severe damage if given quickly after stroke symptoms appear. 
    Hemorrhagic stroke: occurs when a blood vessel in the brain breaks or leaks due to weakness in the vessel wall.  Blood then flows into or around the brain and creates swelling and pressure

    ]]>     2018-11-11 22:52:45 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303059660     FAST dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303059701 F: ask the person to smile.  Does one side of the face droop?
    A: ask the person to raise both arms.  Does one arm drift downward?
    S: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase.  Is their speech slurred or strange?
    T: If you observe any of these symptoms, call 911 immediately. Time is crucial to regain blood flow or release pressure]]>     2018-11-11 22:53:11 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303059701     Left CVA and right CVA dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303059719 Left-Brain Stroke: affects the right side of the body
    -trouble speaking or understanding words said or written
    -slow, careful movements
    -not able to see things on the right side of the body
    -facial weakness, unclear speech, or problems with swallowing
    Right-Brain Stroke
    -trouble knowing how far or near an object is to the body
    -neglect of left side of the body, or not able to see things to the left of the body
    -poor decision making, lack of insight into the changes in ability since the stoke, leading to safety concerns
    -impulsiveness
    -short attention span and slowed learning of new things
    -facial weakness, unclear speech, or problems swallowing]]>     2018-11-11 22:53:24 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303059719     Causes of Stroke dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303059924 Ischemic Stroke
    -Thrombotic stoke: occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the arteries that supply blood to your brain.   May be caused by plaque build up in arteries and cause reduced blood flow or other artery conditions
    -Embolic stroke: occurs when a blood clot or other debris forms away from your brain (commonly in your heart) and is swept through bloodstream to lodge in narrower brain arteries. Can form from air bubbles, fat, or plaque from an artery wall
    Hemorrhagic stroke: occurs when a blood vessel in your brain leaks or ruptures. Can be caused by uncontrolled high blood pressure, overtreatment with anticoagulants (blood thinners), or weak spots in your blood vessel walls]]>     2018-11-11 22:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303059924     Systems Affected by Stroke dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060018 Nervous system: memory problems, visual problems (losing ability to judge space and depth, or trouble seeing clearly), less emotional control, poor hand-eye coordination difficulty making decisions, nerves are not communicating properly 
    Respiratory system: problems speaking or communicating could mean damage to left side of the brain, difficulty breathing or infections in the lungs 
    Digestive system: eating and swallowing may be difficult, loss of control of the bowels and bladder 
    Circulatory system: body temperature control, fatigue and low endurance
    Movement and sensation may be lost on either the right or left side, depending on the stroke

    ]]>     2018-11-11 22:56:25 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060018     Secondary problems associated with stroke dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060072 Brain edema: swelling of the brain after a stroke
    Pneumonia: occurs because the patient was not able to move as the result of the stroke.  Swallowing problems can also lead to pneumonia
    Urinary tract infection: result from having a foley catheter placed 
    Seizures: abnormal electrical activity in the brain causing convulsions
    Depression: causes unwanted emotional and physical reactions to changes and losses.
    Bedsores: pressure ulcers that result from decreased ability to move and pressure on areas of the body because of immobility
    Limb contractures: shortened muscles in an arm or leg from reduced ability to move the affected limb or lack of exercise
    Shoulder pain: from lack of support of an arm due to weakness or paralysis
    Deep venous thrombosis: blood clots form in veins of legs because of immobility from stroke]]>     2018-11-11 22:57:00 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060072     Define Traumatic Brain Injury dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060112 -disruption in the normal function of the brain that can be caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head, or penetrating head injury
    -everyone is at risk for a TBI, especially children and older adults
    -usually results from a violent blow or jolt to the head or body. An object that reaches brain tissue, like a bullet or shattered piece of skull, can also cause a TBI]]>     2018-11-11 22:57:15 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060112     How are TBIs classified dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060154 Mild TBI
    -structural imaging: normal 
    -loss of consciousness: less than 30 mins
    -alteration of consciousness/mental state: a moment to 24 hours
    -Post-traumatic Amnesia: 0-1 day
    -Glasgow Coma Scale: 13-15
    Moderate TBI
    -structural imaging: normal or abnormal
    -loss of consciousness: 30 minutes to 24 hours
    -alteration of consciousness/mental state: greater than 24 hours
    -Post-traumatic Amnesia: 1-7 days
    -Glasgow Coma Scale: 9-12
    Severe TBI
    -structural imaging: normal or abnormal
    -loss of consciousness: greater than 24 hours
    -alteration of consciousness/mental state: greater than 24 hours
    -Post-traumatic Amnesia: greater than 7 days
    -Glasgow Coma Scale: 3-8]]>     2018-11-11 22:57:39 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060154     Systems affected by TBI dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060189 Nervous system: loss of consciousness, persistent headache, seizures, weakness or numbness in fingers and toes, lack of coordination, memory loss, mood changes, feeling depressed or anxious, fatigue or drowsiness, loss of balance, problems with speech
    Digestive system: nausea or vomiting
    Endocrine system: Both the hypothalamus and pituitary gland can be impacted when brain injury occurs. The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland and the pituitary gland tells the other glands when and how to make other hormones. Hormonal imbalances can effect sexual development, growth, metabolism, and the impacts of illness.]]>     2018-11-11 22:57:53 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060189     Secondary problems associated with TBI dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060216 Altered consciousness
    -coma (unconscious, unaware of anything)
    -vegetative state (unaware of surroundings, can open eyes, make sounds, respond to reflexes, or move)
    -minimally conscious state
    -brain death
    Physical complications
    -seizures
    -fluid buildup in the brain causing swelling and increased pressure in the brain
    -infections of the meninges
    -blood vessel damage
    -headaches
    -vertigo
    -hearing loss, loss of sense of smell, loss of sense of taste, vision loss
    Intellectual problems
    -memory, learning, reasoning, judgement, attention or concentration, organization, planning, multitasking, problem-solving
    Communication problems
    -difficulty understanding speech or writing, difficulty speaking or writing, inability to organize thoughts 
    -trouble making conversation, difficulty understanding nonverbal signals
    Behavioral changes
    -lack of awareness of abilities, difficulty in social situations, verbal or physical outbursts
    Emotional changes
    -depression, anxiety, mood swings, irritability, anger, insomnia
    Sensory problems
    -ringing in ears, difficulty recognizing objects, impaired hand-eye coordination, double vision, skin tingling, trouble with balance
    Degenerative brain diseases
    -repeated or severe TBI's might increase risk of degenerative brain diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Dementia pugilistica


    ]]>     2018-11-11 22:58:07 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060216     TR Takeaway dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060231 2018-11-11 22:58:15 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/303060231 Definitions dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585619 Type 1 Diabetes: chronic condition in which the pancreas produce little or no insulin.  Insulin is a hormone needed to allow sugar to enter cells to produce energy.  It usually appears in childhood or adolescence, but can appear in adults.
    Type 2 Diabetes: chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar, an important fuel.  The body resists the effects of insulin or does not produce enough insulin to maintain a normal glucose level. Usually because of environmental factors like excess weight and inactivity.]]>     2018-11-25 23:55:06 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585619     Causes of type 1 and type 2 diabetes dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585716 Type 1: Usually the body's own immune system (fights harmful bacteria and viruses) mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Other causes could be genetics and exposure to viruses and other environmental factors. Some risk factors are ages between 4-7 years old and 10-14 years old, and living farther from the equator.
    Type 2: The exact reason the body becomes resistant to insulin is unknown, but genetics and environmental factors like excess weight and inactivity play a role. Certain risk factors are fat distribution primarily in the abdomen, people of specific races-African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, and Asian-Americans-, older age, having prediabetes, having gestational diabetes while pregnant, and having polycystic ovarian syndrome in women.]]>     2018-11-25 23:55:55 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585716     5 secondary problems of diabetes dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585765 1. Foot complications because of nerve damage called neuropathy. It can lessen ability to feel pain, heat, and cold. This can lead to a foot injury because you can not feel a blister form.  Blood circulation is also decreased, so infections might not heal very well. 
    2. With diabetes, you are 1.5 more times higher to have a stroke.  A stroke can damage brain tissue which can cause movement problems, pain, numbness and problems with thinking , remembering, and speaking. 
    3. Hypertension which makes your heart work harder, increasing the risk for heart disease.
    4. Nephropathy can affect the body's ability to remove waste products from the blood. Diabetes can damage the kidneys because high levels of blood glucose make the kidneys filter too much blood.  This excess filtering is hard on the filters so eventually they start to leak and useful proteins are lost in urine. 
    5.  Diabetic ketoacidosis is a condition that can lead to diabetic coma or even death. If cells do not get enough glucose, the body begins to burn fat for energy which produces ketones. High levels of ketones can poison the body because it raises the acidity level of the blood.]]>     2018-11-25 23:56:21 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585765     Multiple Sclerosis dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585804 MS: involves an immune-mediated process where an abnormal response of the body's immune system is directed against the CNS.
    Role of myelin (fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers): if myelin is damaged messages within the CNS are altered or stopped completely. It is the protective coating around the nerve fibers in the CNS. Damage resulting from myelin destruction can cause a variety of neurological symptoms and lead to development of scar tissue.]]>     2018-11-25 23:56:47 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585804     4 possible disease courses of MS dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585926 1. Clinically Isolated Syndrome: first episode of neurological symptoms caused by inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system.  May not go on to have MS.
    2. Relapsing-remitting MS: attacks of new or increasing neurological symptoms.  It can be characterized a active or not active.
    3. Secondary progressive MS: follows an initial relapsing-remitting course.  Most people that have been diagnosed with RRMS will eventually get SPMS that progressively gets worse.
    4. Primary progressive MS: characterized by worsening neurologic function from the onset of symptoms with no relapse or remissions.]]>     2018-11-25 23:57:54 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585926     Systems affected by MS dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585967  -Nervous system:  difficulty thinking, forgetfulness, confusion, and other cognitive changes, depression, frustration, and stress
    -Respiratory system: difficulty swallowing because of nerve damage to muscles, vocal changes like slurring, volume or pitch control. Difficulty breathing because of weakened muscles and nerve damage along the spinal cord.  
    Immune system: weakens so there is a risk of pneumonia, nutrient deficiencies, and inflammatory conditions.
    Cardiac system: increased cardiovascular risk such as stroke and heart disease
    *There can be vision problems like blurring, eye pain, double vision, and poor contrast
    There is also weak bladder control and increase occurrence of bladder infections.
    Nerve damage can lead to difficulty with hand-eye coordination
    Balance difficulties, muscle weakness, and brittle bones also are secondary problems of S

    ]]>     2018-11-25 23:58:12 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585967     Definitions dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585985 Heart disease: conditions that involve narrowed or block blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain, or stroke
    blood vessel diseases: disease of the arteries and veins of circulatory system of the body
    heart arrhythmia: occur when the electrical impulses that coordinate your heartbeats do not work correctly, making the heart beat either too fast or too slow, or irregularly.
    congenital heart defect: malformation of the heart, aorta, or other large blood vessels. (Most frequent form of major birth defect in newborns)
    cardiomyopathy: a chronic disease of the heart muscle
    heart infections: Endocarditis is an infection of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart chambers and valves).
    valvular heart disease: damage to or a defect in one of the fours heart valves.]]>     2018-11-25 23:58:29 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307585985     Secondary problems related to heart disease dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307586152 -heart failure (heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs
    -heart attack (a blood clot blocking the blood flow through a blood vessel) can damage pr destroy part of the heart muscle
    -stroke can occur where brain tissue begins to die.  This can lead to numerous central nervous system problems. 
    -Aneurysm (bulge in the wall of your artery that if it bursts can lead to internal bleeding
    -Peripheral artery disease (extremities don't receive enough blood flow which can cause pain when walking or using your arms).
    -Sudden cardiac arrest where you can lose heart function, breathing, and consciousness]]>     2018-11-25 23:59:51 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307586152     Cancer dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307586166 Cancer: disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body (malignant growth or tumor forms)
    How is cancer named?
    It begins in your cells when their are mutations or old cells don't die when they should. There are more than 100 different types of cancer that are named after where they originate. For example, lung cancer starts in the lungs, and brain cancer starts in the brain. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called metastasis.]]>     2018-11-26 00:00:02 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307586166     Secondary problems related to cancer treatment dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307586246
  • Anemia
  • Appetite loss
  • Bleeding and bruising
  • Constipation
  • Delirium
  • Diarrhea
  • Edema
  • Fatigue
  • Fertility Issues
  • Hair Loss
  • Infection and Neutropenia
  • Lymphedema
  • Sleep problems
  • Urinary problems
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Memory and nerve problems

    • ]]>     2018-11-26 00:00:41 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307586246     Five stages of cancer dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307586264 Carcinoma in situ (stage 0): there is a group of abnormal cells in an area of the body and could develop into cancer at some point in the future
    Stage 1: cancer is relatively small and contained within the organ it started 
    Stage 2: tumor is larger than in stage 1, but the cancer has not started to spread into the surrounding tissues
    Stage 3: cancer is larger and has stated to spread to the surrounding tissues.  There are cancer cells in the lymph nodes in the area
    Stage 4: cancer has spread from where it started to another body organ (also called secondary or metastatic cancer).

    ]]>     2018-11-26 00:00:53 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307586264     TR Takeaway dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307586284  ]]> 2018-11-26 00:01:03 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/307586284 Definitions dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091314 COPD: chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs
    Chronic bronchitis: a disease of the lungs where there is a persisting infection and inflammation of the bronchi. Chronic cough and daily mucus production for at least 3 months of two or more consecutive years.
    Emphysema: lung condition that causes shortness of breath because the air sacs in the lungs are damaged. The surface area of the lungs decreases because the air sacs weaken and rupture.]]>     2018-12-01 19:21:12 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091314     Causes of COPD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091369 -tobacco smoking 
    -fumes from burning fuel for cooking and heating in poorly ventilated homes
    -genetic susceptibility to the disease
    -air pollution, pipe smoke, cigar smoke, secondhand smoke, and workplace exposure to dust, smoke, or fumes
    -COPD develops slowly over years, so older age]]>     2018-12-01 19:21:49 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091369     Secondary prolems of COPD dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091408 -respiratory infections: more likely to catch colds, the flu and pneumonia
    -heart problems: COPD have a higher risk of developing heart disease, including heart attacks
    -lung cancer: can develop, especially if the individual smokes
    -high blood pressure in lung arteries: pulmonary hypertension
    -depression:difficulty breathing can keep you from doing activities that you enjoy
    -osteoporosis: issues related to COPD like inactivity, inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, and corticosteroid use can lead to bone density loss]]>     2018-12-01 19:22:21 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091408     Rheumatoid Arthritis dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091431 RA: chronic progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints which leads to painful deformities and immobility. Most commonly in the fingers, wrists, feet, and ankles.
    Stage 1 (early): initial inflammation in the  joint capsule and swelling of synovial tissue. There is swelling that causes joint pain and stiffness.
    Stage 2 (moderate): inflammation of the synovial tissue becomes severe enough that it creates cartilage damage. There is loss of mobility and decreased joint range of motion
    Stage 3 (severe): inflammation in the synovial tissue is now destroying cartilage and the bone. There is increased pain and swelling and ma decrease in mobility and muscle strength
    Stage 4: End stage of RA where the inflammatory process ends and joints just stop functioning altogether]]>     2018-12-01 19:22:35 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091431     Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091504 -unknown what starts the process of the immune system attacking the synovial fluid, but genes play a role if certain environmental factors are present
    -Women are more likely to develop the condition
    -most commonly occurs at ages 40-60
    -there is an increased frisk of the disease if a family member has it
    -cigarette smoking 
    -exposure to dust from building collapses and exposure to asbestos or silica
    -people who are overweight or obese]]>     2018-12-01 19:23:18 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091504     Systems affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091528 -respiratory system: chest pain if lungs get damaged from long-term inflammation, dry mouth, difficulty breathing
    -integumentary system: hardened bumps (nodules) form on arms, especially around elbows
    -skeletal system: shoulder pain, finger pain and redness, weakness in the knees, uneven stance in your ankles, claw toes and bunions can form
    -nervous system: numbness in the wrist from the inflammation of the joints

    ]]>     2018-12-01 19:23:39 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091528     Secondary problems of Rheumatoid Arthritis dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091558 -increase risk for osteoporosis
    -formation of rheumatoid nodules that can form anywhere in the body, especially the lungs
    -dry eyes and mouth 
    -increased infections since the immune system is impaired
    -proportion of fat compared to lean mass is often higher for people with RA
    -Carpal tunnel syndrome
    -increased risk of inflammation and scarring of the lung tissue
    -Lymphoma is a concern for people with RA]]>     2018-12-01 19:24:01 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091558     Definitions dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091589 Epilepsy: central nervous system disorder where brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and/or a loss of awareness 
    Seizure: sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements or feelings, and in levels of consciousness.
    Relationship between them: Symptom of epilepsy are seizures (a person with epilepsy will typically have the same type of seizure each episode)]]>     2018-12-01 19:24:25 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091589     Seizures dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091672 Focal seizures: seizures that appear from abnormal activity in just one area of the brain. They fall into 2 categories, focal seizures with impaired awareness and focal seizures without loss of consciousness
    Generalized seizures: seizures that involve all areas of the brain. They include absence seizures, tonic seizures, atonic seizures, clonic seizures, myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures ]]>     2018-12-01 19:25:27 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091672     Definitions dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091747 Status Epilepticus: occurs when a seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes or when seizures occur close together and the person has not adequately recovered
    -Convulsive status epilepticus: needs emergency treatment in a hospital because it can be life-threatening
    -Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: describes long or repeated absence or focal impaired awareness seizures ]]>     2018-12-01 19:26:17 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091747     TR Takeaway dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091782 2018-12-01 19:26:45 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/310091782 Lived Experience dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/312077842 Safety concerns for people with Epilepsy participating in yoga

    Sources:
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrlh5Oot5QY


    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/ConditionsAndTreatments/epilepsy-and-exercise

    https://www.healthline.com/health/seizure-precautions#exercise

    ]]>     2018-12-06 23:59:17 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/312077842     Description of Down Syndrome dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314069378 -genetic disorder caused when there is an abnormal cell division which causes either an extra or partial chromosome 21.
    -The syndrome varies with individuals by causing different intellectual disabilities and developmental disabilities.
    -With the disorder, an individual might also have heart and gastrointestinal disorders as well 

    ]]>     2018-12-12 22:00:09 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314069378     Causes dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314069535 There are three genetic variations that can cause Down syndrome. It is important to note that human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes and Down syndrome results from the abnormal cell division of chromosome 21 dividing an extra time. This extra chromosome causes the characteristic features and developmental delays in people with Down syndrome.
    -Trisomy 21 (person has 3 copies of chromosome 21 instead of 2) This occurs during the development of the sperm cell or egg cell.
    -Mosaic Down syndrome (person has only some cells with an extra copy of chromosome 21.  It occurs by an abnormal cell division after fertilization has happened.
    -Translocation Down syndrome (occurs when a portion of chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome. This can happen before or at conception. They have the usual two copies of the chromosome, but also have more genetic information from chromosome 21 on other chromosomes.]]>     2018-12-12 22:00:53 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314069535     Sign and Symptoms dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314069562 -Flattened face
    -smaller head
    -protruding tongue
    -poor muscle tone
    -relatively short fingers and small hands and feet
    -excessive flexibility
    -short height
    -infants with Down syndrome are typically average size, but they often grow slowly and remain shorter
    -children with Down syndrome have mild to moderate cognitive impairment
    -language is delayed
    -short and long-term memory can be affected

    ]]>     2018-12-12 22:01:00 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314069562     Management techniques/treatment options dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314069750 -treatment varies between individuals, as each person with down syndrome is unique. 
    -usually there is a team effort with professionals including, but not limited to, a pediatric cardiologist, pediatric endocrinologist, audiologist, speech pathologist, physical therapist, and an occupational therapist
    -medical care and finding ways to help the child adapt to get the best quality of life are important management techniques
    -Certain coping and support options available are to learn about early intervention programs, educational options for schools, support groups, participating in social and leisure activities, encourage independence, and preparing for the transition to adulthood.]]>     2018-12-12 22:01:40 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314069750     Risk factors dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314460114 -Advancing maternal age
    -Being a carrier of the genetic translocation for Down syndrome
    -Having a child with Down syndrome already]]>     2018-12-13 20:28:06 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314460114     Secondary problems dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314466321 -congenital heart defects that can cause life-threatening problems and require surgery
    -GI abnormalities, including problems with the intestines, esophagus, trachea, and 🤬.
    -Immune disorders meaning people with Down syndrome are more likely to develop autoimmune disorders, some forms of cancer, and infectious diseases
    -sleep apnea due to soft tissue and skeletal changes
    -Obesity
    -Misalignment of the top two vertebrae in the neck can cause spinal problems
    -Increased risk to develop Leukemia
    -Dementia 
    -Can have other problems including endocrine problems, dental problems, seizures, ear infections, and hearing and vision problems]]>     2018-12-13 20:45:53 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314466321     Resources in APA format dricken_ciara https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314476605 Mayo Clinic Staff. (2018, March 08). Down syndrome. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355977
     
    National Down Syndrome Society. (2018). What is Down Syndrome? | National Down Syndrome Society. Retrieved from https://www.ndss.org/about-down-syndrome/down-syndrome/

    Miller, P. (2016). Down syndrome. New York: Cavendish Square.

    ]]>     2018-12-13 21:22:59 UTC https://padlet.com/dricken_ciara/DiagnosticGroupsTR/wish/314476605