• printing press — along with gunpowder and the compass — that changed the world forever

What did Thomas Malthus predict?

• food and resources will run out as populations explode

Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.

• plastic pollution

• chemical runoff from agriculture

 Why did sanitation become so important?

• Sanitation became important to prevent the spread of diseases and improve public health, particularly as urban populations grew and living conditions became more crowded and unsanitary.

How was the air pollution at this time?

• Air quality were poor because the amount of burning of coal, leading to significant levels of soot and smoke in industrial cities

How was the water pollution at this time?

• Water pollution worsened due to the rapid growth of cities

What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down?

• It sparked outrage and raised awareness about the need for conservation, as people realized the irreversible loss of such an ancient and majestic natural wonder.

 What final act did President Clinton sign into law?

• the "Shark Finning Prohibition Act," aimed at protecting shark populations by banning the practice of finning in U.S. waters.

How does the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change?

• promoted voluntary measures rather than mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions

How does the world react to leaded gasoline?

• Leaded gasoline's negative impacts on the environment and human health have led to widespread bans and a move toward unleaded alternatives.

 What types of reforms were occurring?

-reforms to address issues like poverty, labor exploitation, political corruption  and public health.

What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?

-focused on ensuring fairness, breaking up monopolies, regulating industries, and conserving natural resources (created the first national Bird Preserve ak the beginning of Wildlife REfuge system) .  The Food and Drug Act 

What new organizations were formed?

-National Audubon Society organized by George Bird Grinell to promote wildlife conservation. 

-General Federation of Women’s Clubs -1890, over a million women participated (for public health, educatio, child labor laws, and women’s suffrage) 

American SPCA and American HUmane Association abandon active lobbying (protect wildlife and habitat)

-aimed to raise awareness about the environmental damage caused by industrial waste, sewage and pollutants being discharged into coastal waters.

What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?

-Leaded gasoline  in the 1920s, tetraethyl lead (TEL)

What was the Chemurgy movement fighting for?

-The movement focused on the industrial and commercial use of agriculture; products- aim to promote & products derived chemical processes from agricultural materials.

After world war 2 , there was rapid industrial growth - rise of automobile ownership- air pollution. People health started to be affected due to poor air quality; smog and smoke visible 

 How much air pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

• Fire was used which contributes to the local air pollution. Also, deforestation also increased its value. 

How much water pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

• There wasn’t as much evidence of water pollution but was common to be unhygienic by leaving litter and trash nearby. 

How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?

• They got it from farming to get various food sources. An example would be when Aryan invaders entered India, there were many resources in the forests which gave them water, food, and natural protection. 

Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How?

• They practiced the irrigation system and water management since it was a main conflict between the people. 

Why was lead poisoning a problem?

• It was used in plants, but then when inhaling, we also received potential harm from the dust. 

What government agency is founded?

-The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was founded to protect human environment and health.

How was air pollution reduced?

-The Clean Air Act 1970 was passed to set limits on huge factory productions.

How was water pollution reduced? 

-The Understanding the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970 was passed. 

What two new sources of pollution begin causing concern?

-There was also hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide that affected the air pollution even more.

• There wasn’t as much pollution because there wasn’t as much activity compared to the Ancient Civilizations. This is because of less industrial activity.

How much wood was being harvested? What effects was this having?

In what ways was a disease affecting the world?

• So much wood was being harvested because it was used for ships and smelting. But due to too many forests being cut down, an alternative had to be used which was coal. Coal causes many health issues due to its toxic release of excessive carbon dioxide and more.

-Cuyahoga River in Cleveland , Ohio. The river caught fire due to pollution , debris, oil and other pollutants on its surface. 

What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book ----that started modern environmentalism?

Silent Spring published in 1962, the book brought attention to dangers of pesticide use (DDT) 

-There were many flash floods that caused many tragedies. 

What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

-The air pollution and the use of fossil fuels would cause climate change on the Earth’s atmosphere.

 How did the Gulf War create pollution?

It led to the huge production of tarcrete throughout Kuwait's deserts and destroyed multiple oceans and bird species.

What does China construct that causes much controversy?

-China constructs the Three Gorges Dam that raises many problems with unemployment and safety.