ANS: Neurotransmitters, Locations, Receptors, End Organ Responses, Drug Classifications & Drug Types by Marjorie Puruganan

ANS: Neurotransmitters, Locations, Receptors, End Organ Responses, Drug Classifications & Drug Types by Marjorie Puruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf This padlet includes information on the ANS, the neurotransmitters and receptors in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, drug classifications, MOA and examples of generic and brand names of drugs within each division of ANS, including their effects. Sources of information taken from all HPRS 2300 Unit 2 lecture videos, Hitner Unit 2 (ANS Part I & II) lecture slides, Hitner ebook Chapters 5-7, and Nicotinic vs Muscarinic YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSd2s3on5HA en-us 2022-02-14 16:47:32 UTC 2022-02-17 12:11:33 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f48a.png Sympathetic Nervous System marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046746871 This is also known as the Adrenergic System; "fight, fright, flight"]]> 2022-02-14 17:08:44 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046746871 Parasympathetic Nervous System marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046748911 This is also known as the Cholinergic System; "rest and digest"]]> 2022-02-14 17:09:38 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046748911 Sympathetic Nervous System Neurotransmitters marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046774877

Acetylcholine (ACH): neurotransmitter is released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings

Norepinephrine (NE): neurotransmitter is released at the postganglionic nerve endings; synthesized from dopamine; released by adrenal medulla and neurons

Epinephrine (EPI): acts on adrenergic receptors; produced by the adrenal medulla

Dopamine (DA): sympathetic and CNS transmitter; precursor to NE; stimulates many receptors (alpha, beta, dopaminergic); different actions based on dose given

]]> 2022-02-14 17:20:52 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046774877 Parasympathetic Nervous System Neurotransmitters marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046785899 Acetylcholine (ACH): neurotransmitter is released at ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings]]> 2022-02-14 17:25:36 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046785899 Sympathetic Nervous System Neurotransmitters marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046801092

Acetylcholine (ACH)

Norepinephrine (NE)

Epinephrine (EPI)

Dopamine (DA)

]]> 2022-02-14 17:31:53 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046801092 Parasympathetic Nervous System Neurotransmitters marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046803821 Acetylcholine (ACH)]]> 2022-02-14 17:33:06 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046803821 Sympathetic/Adrenergic Receptors marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046835713

Alpha-1: found predominantly on smooth muscle membranes of arteries, veins, and sphincters of the urinary and gastrointestinal tract

Alpha-2: located on adrenergic nerve endings

Beta-1: found on both cardiac and some smooth muscle membranes

Beta-2: located in the smooth muscle of coronary and skeletal muscle, blood vessels and bronchodilation

]]> 2022-02-14 17:46:49 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046835713 Parasympathetic / Cholinergic Receptors marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046855488

Muscarinic: located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands

Nicotinic 1 (Nn): found at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves (synapse area)

Nicotinic 2 (Nm): neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles

]]> 2022-02-14 17:54:35 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046855488 Adrenergic System marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046880632

Adrenal medulla: release of epinephrine

Arteries: increased blood pressure; vasoconstriction with exception to the coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscles (which are dilated)

Heart: increases heart rate and AV contraction; also increases contractility

Intestines, GI motility, and secretions: decreased to perfuse heart and getting more oxygen in

Postganglionic neurotransmitter: norepinephrine released

Pupils of the Eye: dilation (mydriasis) - more light to get in to see better

Respiratory passages, lower: bronchodilation - airways open for more oxygen to come in

Urinary bladder: relaxation, decrease urination

Urinary sphincter: contraction

]]> 2022-02-14 18:05:28 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046880632 Cholinergic System marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046899712

Adrenal medulla: no parasympathetic effect

Arteries: most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves

Heart: decreases heart rate and AV conduction, slight decrease in contractility

Intestines, GI motility, and secretions: increased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine released at post ganglionic nerve ending

Pupil of the eye: Constriction (miosis)

Respiratory passage, lower: bronchoconstriction

Urinary bladder: contraction, increase urination

Urinary sphincter: relaxation

]]> 2022-02-14 18:13:51 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2046899712 Adrenergic System marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048650930

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetic): receptors - Alpha-1 receptor stimulated; MOA - contraction of smooth muscles, blood vessels constrict, and increased BP, vasoconstriction of nasal passages provide a decongestive effect

Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetic): receptors - stimulates alpha and beta receptors (an exception); MOA - vasopressor/vasoconstriction (increases BP), cardiac stimulant (increases beta receptors), bronchodilator (simulates beta receptors)

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs (Sympatholytic): receptors - binds to Alpha-1 receptors; MOA - blocks Alpha-1 receptors after binding to them, relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation of blood vessels (decreases blood pressure), relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases blood flow

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists [Beta Adrenergic Agonists] (Sympathomimetic): receptors - stimulates Beta-1 receptors; MOA low dose - stimulates (d1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow; MOA moderate dose - stimulates Beta-1 receptors in heart, increased force of contraction and cardiac output; MOA high dose - simulates Alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction which increases blood pressure

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists [Beta Adrenergic Agonists](Sympathomimetic): receptors - stimulates Beta-2 receptors; MOA - relaxation of the smooth muscle of the lungs causes bronchodilation, relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus

Selective Beta-1 Blockers [Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs] (Sympatholytic): receptors - binds to Beta-1 receptor; MOA - blocks Beta-1 receptor after binding to them (antagonizes Beta-1 effects of NE and EPI), decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic) therefore decreasing cardiac output, decreases heart rate (negative chronotropic), decreases conduction (negative dromotropic), decrease in cardiac output which also decreases blood pressure

Non-selective Beta Blockers [Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs] (Sympatholytic): receptors - binds to Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors; MOA - blocks Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors after binding to them, decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic) therefore decreasing cardiac output, decreases heart rate (negative chronotropic), decreases conduction (negative dromotropic), decrease in cardiac output also decreases blood pressure, can also cause bronchoconstriction

]]> 2022-02-15 14:16:30 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048650930 Cholinergic System marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048657042

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: receptors - muscarinic; MOA - binds to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division to mimic ACH

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Antagonists (Anticholinesterase): receptors - cholinergic receptor sites; MOA - inhibits acetylcholinesterase (the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse) therefore increasing ACH

Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics: receptors - cholinergic receptor; MOA - binds to the cholinergic receptor to acts as a blocking drug therefore creating competitive antagonism

]]> 2022-02-15 14:19:01 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048657042 Cholinergic System marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048707363

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonist: brand/generic - acetylcholine; Pilocar®/pilocarpine; Urecholine®/bethanechol

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Antagonists: brand/generic - Prostigmin®/neostigmine

Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics: brand/generic - atropine; Bentyl®/dicyclomine

]]> 2022-02-15 14:38:18 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048707363 Adrenergic System marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048708276

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists: brand/generic - Neo-Synephrine®/phenylephrine; ephedrine

Adrenergic Agonists: brand/generic - Adrenalin®/epinephrine

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: brand/generic - Minipress®/prazosin; Hytrin®/terazosin; Cardura®/doxazosin

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists: brand/generic - dobutamine

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists: brand/generic - Foradin®/formoterol; Proventil®/Ventolin®/albuterol; Brethine®/terbutaline

Selective Beta-1 Blockers: brand/generic - Tenormin®; atenolol; Lopressor®/metoprolol

Non-selective Beta Blockers: brand/generic - Corgard®/nadolol; Inderol®/propranolol; Blocadren®/timolol

]]> 2022-02-15 14:38:39 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048708276 marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048849001 2022-02-15 15:33:56 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048849001 marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048851126 2022-02-15 15:34:48 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048851126 marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048856939 2022-02-15 15:37:14 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048856939 marjoriepuruganan https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048858761 2022-02-15 15:38:00 UTC https://padlet.com/marjoriepuruganan/83z6rxbl59h4ghzf/wish/2048858761