Eli Whitley

- Invented the cotton Gin in 1793

- A mechanical device that removed the seeds from the lint.

- Allowed a laborer to clean 50 pounds of cotton a day, compared with only 1 pound by hand. 

 Chief Justice John Marshall

- Helped shape the movement of the industrialization; Supreme Court Justice (Marbury v. Madison,

- Under him Supreme Court became the branch of the federal government most aggressive in
protecting the new forms of business central to the growing market economy.

-

Jerome Chauncey

- A New England clockmaker

- In 1824 his career took off thanks to a “very showy” bronze looking-glass
clock. 

- His clever, inexpensive, and addictive machines had conquered the markets of the world.

- Between 1827 and 1837 Jerome’s factory produced more clocks than any other in the country.

- When the Panic of 1837 struck, the entrepreneur had to scramble to avoid financial ruin.

John Maynard Keynes

- Raise taxes when economy is good

"""CHAPTER 11"""

Andrew Jackson

- Head of the New Democratic Party

- Won The election of 1824,  won because the people favored him

- Hero in the war of 1812

- Removed The Indians from Georgia

- Made Them Walk What is called the Trail of tears

- Got rid of the national bank

- diminished the importance of women's contributions

to household production

- greater emphasis on material goods

- widened the gap between rich and poor

- middle class grew

- first depression

-the price of cotton collapsed , caused the rest of the economy to collapse

-Domestic Market

- cotton, stuff that you produce ; homegrown

-National Bank- 

-Hamilton

- influenced businesses to expand led to corporations biting off more than they could chew

-The Cotton Trade--key to American development; the South produced 60% of world's supply; 

made up most of the market; 

cotton gin --increased slavery; because the owners got greedy, more slaves you had, the more cotton you could pick

and put

- economy focused on cotton

-Affected later on in Civil War-- didn't have weapons,

railroads

- Most celebrated minister of the Republic,

revivalists,

- Goal was to bring the Kingdom

William Lloyd Garrison- repudiated religion

"the liberator"

Theodore Dwight Weld-

Temperance

-Calhoun dropped out to run for Vice President

-people favored Jackson-because he was a war hero in the war of 1812

-corrupt bargain

-No majority vote

-Clay finished last, Chose Adams as president so that Clay could be Secretary of State.

2) Economies of north and south and west became more specialized Rival interests faced confrontation over tariffs and whether SC could nullify

3) Booming economy based on credit& banking

depreciation of cotton; England decreased price of cotton

-gov't shouldn't cut spending

- In 1823 Nicholas Biddle, a rich 37-year-old Philadelphia businessman

 became president of the national bank

-Seeking to restore the Bank’s reputation, he set out to provide the nation with a sound currency

 by regulating the amount of credit vailable in the economy.

Andrew Jackson

- Jackson’s own experiences left him with a deep distrust of banks and paper money.                                                                                                   

- In 1804 his Tennessee land speculations had brought him to the brink of bankruptcy, from
which it took years of painful struggle to free himself.
-Reflecting on his personal situation, he became convinced that banks and paper money threatened to corrupt the
Republic.

inflation starts spiraling

-hated Andrew Jackson

-party ceased to exist after 1850, when the party was divided over the issue of slavery

independence, valued individualism

-emphasis on feeling over reason

-seeking community of nature

-Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, Bronson Alcott,

farming

thought slavery benefitted slaves because they would get better care

if slavery expands, price goes up on slaves; therefore slave owners would protect their investment

slavery is evil, slaveholders aren't evil. (related to War)

--75% non slave owners

--25% slave owners

A small percentage of people owned all the slaves, all the power with

select few. They viewed slavery as a "necessary evil".

-32% slaves

2% free blacks

-built around family , although could be sold separately at slave auctions

-

planting the same crops over and over again

- had to move (West) to farm land

-others used crop rotation-- which is expensive, so they had to sell slaves to people moving West

-one reason why people wanted to expand

-blacks started getting some equality--able to sit in the churches unless filled up by white people,

blacks were able to vote in meetings, able to accuse people (even masters!) of doing wrong, voice their opinions

-whites were more likely to be punished in church than blacks were

-blacks are a minority in the churches (1/5-->1/4)

--Inequality--> availability of seats, if white people filled them up; they had to go outside and listen under an open window

--some people were concerned about the rising number of black people in evangelical churches because it promised

"freedoms"; which might detract from the church's ability to win converts among slaveholders

-shadow churches-- African Americans met nightly in slave quarters and heard from black preachers

-half sister (?) with Jefferson's wife Martha

-representative of other slave masters, even the president

of the United States was doing

73 to 58.

-Last significant attempt of white Southerners to challenge slavery

Context:

William Lloyd Garrison --publishing The Liberator,

abolitionist newspaper

-Nat Turner-launched a revolt that frightened whites--55 white deaths

-Significance of the VA debate:

- slavery accepted, people viewed slavery as "positive good"

-fueling the fire for the Civil War

-"corrupt bargain"

-The Election of 1824- Clay dropped out because he was promise a secretary of state position by John Quincy Adams

-Calhoun and Jackson also involved in the Nullification Crisis