https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn Notes for upcoming Essay en-us 2017-05-23 03:19:09 UTC 2017-05-25 03:07:04 UTC hello@padlet.com eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173287279 2017-05-23 03:21:28 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173287279 eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173287353 2017-05-23 03:22:38 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173287353 eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173287372 https://www.cfr.org/report/transforming-election-cybersecurity
-The 2016 election is a wake-up call for countries surrounding the digital age.

-Foreign interferences, such as Russia's, have the capability to "tamper with voter registration, access voting machines, manipulate storage and transmission of results, and influence election outcomes."

-However, because the intricacies of voting are at the state-level, hackers must breach several different layers of security to affect more than one state or region. 
-However^2, if voting systems were federalized, the government could then create a system that is resistant to hacking attempts, instead of leaving it up to each state.

-Cybersecurity policies over the last decade have reflected little interest in elections. Only since this January has election interference of such magnitude occurred.]]> 2017-05-23 03:23:01 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173287372 eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173288299 https://www.cfr.org/blog-post/chinas-new-cybersecurity-law
-In 2015, China signed into law measures surrounding Cybersecurity. It is as follows:
-Government will establish national security standards for technical systems and networks.
-Real name registration to be enforced more strictly, especially with messaging apps where enforcement has been lax.
-Internet operators must provide “support and assistance” to the government for dealing with criminal investigations and national security. Nicholas Bequelin, East Asia Director at Amnesty International, tells Reuters that Article 50 gives authorities the legal power to cut Internet access in to maintain order as Beijing did in Xinjiang in 2009.
-“Timely warning and notification” system for cybersecurity incidents.
-Greater investment in cybersecurity (including subsidies for cybersecurity companies, internet operators, etc.) and cybersecurity education.
-The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) will review cybersecurity practices of key telecommunication operators, conduct regular emergency drills, and provide help in implementing the law. Employees must undergo background checks, and the CAC will review procurement.
-User data for the key operators must be stored in China (if there’s a business imperative to store data overseas, they can apply for exceptions).
-Collection and use of user data must “comply with the principles of legality, justice, and necessity” (遵循合法、正当、必要的原则) and operators must secure users’ agreement to have their data used. Data collected must be related to the service the Internet operator is providing. Collected user data must have adequate protections and data breaches must be responded to in a timely manner.]]> 2017-05-23 03:34:46 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173288299 eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173288716 2017-05-23 03:39:44 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173288716 eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173288793 http://www.chinausfocus.com/peace-security/is-chinas-cybersecurity-law-visionary
-Foreign businesses deem China's new internet law as harmful as it restricts the flow of information.
-China has asserted its "internet sovereignty" - China aims to be just as territorial online as they are offline.
-China is now also placing itself in a position of power over online businesses hoping to operate with China.
-China also faces roadblocks on the path to cybersecurity, as in some cases the use of outdated technology is mandated by the government, and officials cannot always be trusted to not sell information to a high-paying company

]]> 2017-05-23 03:40:34 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173288793 eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173288907 https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/advice-for-congress-the-weakest-link-cybersecurity
-American Secrets are less safe than ever. Companies are willing to sell user's information for profit, and even if the U.S was unsuccessful in its attempt to view its citizens data, the same rule does not necessarily apply to other countries.
-Washington is a "weak link" in cybersecurity
-"In a 2013 survey, Federal News Radio asked government workers, “More than ever, Congress is being asked to legislate on issues such as cybersecurity and butt computing. Do you believe members of Congress have the knowledge/background they need to properly legislate on these issues?” Out of 708 respondents, just seven – 1 percent  – answered yes."

]]> 2017-05-23 03:41:43 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173288907 eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173289604 https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/the-month-us-china-relations-zhong-mei-guan-xi-yi-ge-yue-april-2017
-"China Draft Cyber Law (April 11): The law would ban the export of any economic, technological or scientific data whose transfer would pose a threat to security or public interests."]]> 2017-05-23 03:48:50 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173289604 eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173289804 http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-cyber-idUSKBN17D0EC
-Firms exporting data have to undergo an annual security assessment
-"Any business transferring data of over 1000 gigabytes or affecting over 500,000 users will be assessed on its security measures and on the potential of the data to harm national interests, showed the draft from the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC)."
-Bans the export of any data that could harm national interests
-Critics say it unfairly targets foreign companies.]]> 2017-05-23 03:50:54 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173289804 eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173290495 http://www.chinausfocus.com/peace-security/the-axiom-report-cybersecurity-and-its-impact-on-china-us-relations
-There exists a Chinese hacker group known as Axiom, whom over a period of four years hacked into over 43,000 computers globally
-Part of the Chinese government, not a random group
-However, China officially denies the group's association with the Chinese Intelligence Agency
-Even when these hacker's identities are made public, it does not hinder the organization
-In 2014, for example, 5 of these hackers were accused by the U.S government
-Instead of quieting down, China expanded their program
-At this point in time, their is an understanding between the U.S and Chinese government that both countries do similar activities in terms of cyberespionage]]> 2017-05-23 03:58:11 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173290495 eglenn2 https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173290557 http://www.chinausfocus.com/peace-security/the-new-chinese-working-group-on-cybersecurity-and-the-need-for-sino-us-cooperation-in-cyberspace
-In 2014, China started a new government body focusing on Cybersecurity and internet censorship, a task ever-increasing in difficulty in the modern world
-Cybersecurity is important to all parts of US-Sino diplomacy and negotiation
-Dr. Greg Austin, "“states should commit by treaty to the absolute protection in cyberspace of designated exchanges and clearing houses in the same way as they now commit to the absolute protection of diplomats as internationally protected persons and embassies as internationally protected premises.”]]> 2017-05-23 03:58:47 UTC https://padlet.com/eglenn2/80q6xdkuqunn/wish/173290557