2021 FALL PUBH 410 - THEORY CONCEPTS by Jennifer Ponce https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy en-us 2021-08-30 05:55:41 UTC 2025-02-08 22:45:29 UTC hello@padlet.com jeponce https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1703885694 STEP 1:   Find the theory that was assigned to you (see below):

  • STUDENTS WITH LAST NAME A-D are assigned to Diffusion of Innovation Theory
  • STUDENTS WITH LAST NAME E-H are assigned to Social Cognitive Theory
  • STUDENTS WITH LAST NAME I-L are assigned to Transtheoretical Model
  • STUDENTS WITH LAST NAME M-P are assigned to Theory of Planned Behavior
  • STUDENTS WITH LAST NAME Q-T are assigned to the Health Belief Model
  • STUDENTS WITH LAST NAME U-Z are assigned to the Social Ecological Model

STEP 2:   Choose one (1) concept from the theory that was assigned to you.  Please include the following:

  1. TITLE: NAME OF YOUR CONCEPT
  2. EXPLANATION OF HOW PHOTO/PICTURE IS RELATED TO CONCEPT
  3. PHOTO OR PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS YOUR CONCEPT

STEP 5:   COMMENT ON AT LEAST 2 POSTS FROM YOUR CLASSMATES
]]> 2021-08-30 06:07:49 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1703885694 Contemplation carmencluong https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1704937476 The contemplation stage of the transtheoretical model is the part where an individual is aware there is a problem in their life and thinking about making a change. This stage is before the preparation stage and after precontemplation where the individual did not know there was anything wrong. This photo I chose shows a person thinking intensely, which helps represents a person in this stage of contemplation. It requires a lot of time thinking about how they could make a change and if the change would benefit them at all. They could be weighing benefits and cons while in this mindset of wanting to change. This is a really important part as it helps push the individual to the next stage!]]> 2021-08-30 16:45:11 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1704937476 Modifying Factors arleenserrano https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1705407846 The modifying factors in the health belief model include age, sex, race, education, ethnicity, income and many other that influence an individuals actions. The health belief model is used to guide health promotion and prevention programs that educate people on their health behaviors and how those actions can affect them. If people understand what types of issues they may encounter in the future, they may sought a different path to decrease their chances and limit their exposure to such disease etc...The picture I chose is a close representation to different types of human beings to represent the diverse groups that may face health issues in their future.]]> 2021-08-30 21:44:22 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1705407846 Diffusion of Innovation Theory: Condom Sense https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1705525431 Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI) is a theory that provides a process for spreading and implementing innovations. In the case of condoms, they contain compatibility with the values, habits, experiences, and needs of a lot of people especially younger people who engage in sexual activity, as well as the people who want to start engaging in safe sex behaviors to prevent STDs and pregnancy. Also, a lot of health centers, schools, and condom manufacturers/distributors have become innovators and adopters by adopting the condom to improve its accessibility, affordability, and quality. First, the accessibility has improved because condoms are available in more places such as schools. health centers, hospitals, etc. Second, affordability has improved because some places offer condoms for free in some cases and condoms are more affordable than ever because they cost less than 10$ in a lot of places. Lastly, the quality has significantly improved since the mid 19th century which started out as just a piece of rubber now if we fast forward to present day, there are now three types of condoms: Latex condoms, Plastic condoms, and Lambskin condoms (animal skin condoms). All three serve the same purpose but they all contain different features that help prevent pregnancy and STDs. For example, the latex and plastic condoms are both water based but with lambskin condoms any kind of lube can be used including oils. ]]> 2021-08-30 23:45:47 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1705525431 Cue to Action sjreal https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1705544172 The Health Belief Model addresses the individual's perceptions of the threat posed by a health problem, the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act. The HBM has six main constructs. Cues to action are one of them. Cues to action are external events that prompt a desire to make a health change. A cue to action is something that helps move someone from wanting to make a health change to actually making the change. The photo I chose is for breast cancer awareness. By seeing a photo like this, it can prompt action by making someone go get a mammogram. ]]> 2021-08-30 23:58:21 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1705544172 Diffusion of Innovation Theory: Mental Health Awareness cyndo99 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1706475827 Diffusion of Innovation Theory is the process by which the use of innovation, whether it is a product or service, spreads throughout a market group over time and over various categories of adopters. This photo I choose is a representation of mental health awareness. This form of advertisement poster helps consumers know that they are not alone and they are able to seek help when needed. It is important to understand that older generations, such as baby boomers may often perceive a stigma surrounding mental health issues. Meanwhile, younger demographics are much more open to talking about their mental health challenges and diagnoses. Therefore, accessibility to more information and services for mental health has improved and is becoming well known today.]]> 2021-08-31 06:36:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1706475827 Observational Learning mg3180 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1707400539 The social cognitive theory centers around the idea that personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior collaborate. A key concept to the social cognitive theory is observational learning. While learning can occur through personal experiences, observational learning states that people can also learn by observing others and viewing the rewards or punishment for their actions. Many health programs utilize personal testimonies of people within the program that can share their experience and allow new participants to observe the possible benefits or consequences to the program. The example I have chosen is of two people near a stove. Both participants learn from the same experience, but one learned through painful personal experiences, and the other utilized observational learning without pain. ]]> 2021-08-31 15:28:51 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1707400539 Perceived Benefits sarahhto16 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1707949614 The Health Belief Model is developed to determine people's high or low willingness to partake and act in health behaviors due to their prior perceptions and what influences them to act upon them. With six constructs, perceived benefits often points to efficacy of various actions or behaviors can be to lower the danger of different illness or sicknesses.  When applied, the behaviors can be possibly used to lowering the threat of a certain disease. It looks at how the person examines and perceives the course of action. Although, it can vary based on individuality and how it can change outcomes depending on specific health actions. 

The picture I chose was a person receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. This COVID-19 vaccine has been a large debate lately. During the course of the pandemic, individuals have pondered about the efficacy and benefits that it brings. An individual may decline to get the vaccine because they do not see the benefits of how it decreases the risk of the virus.

]]> 2021-08-31 19:43:48 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1707949614 Variety of Perception Amongst the Flu Vaccine steventran4500 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1708207679 The Health Belief Model is the model that uses beliefs surrounding health to encourage people to take action towards positive health. It's important to see that people will not change their health choices unless they believe that they are at risk. The image i chose was the flu vaccine since its a popular debate between the people of the community. The 4 questions that  show whether or the person is convinced enough to take accountable measures is truly the determining factor of rather its worth getting the vaccine or not. Other factors can change their perception including education, culture, personal experience and other social determinants. These 4 questions include Am i susceptible? Is it serious? Do the benefits in taking action overcome the emotional, financial, social, or other costs? Are services or help available? People look at the benefits and other factors when seeing if the vaccine is worth getting. Individuals who do not think they will get the flu are less likely to get the flu shot every year.]]> 2021-08-31 23:20:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1708207679 Subjective Norm michelle00 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1711093462 Theory of Planned Behavior (Subjective Norm) is an individual's attitude towards a certain behavior and also what others think of that behavior or certain activity they must do. If the individual thinks that outcome is going to be positive and others think that as well, then they are more than likely to exhibit that behavior. In other words, an individual takes into consideration what others think of that behavior and if they think they can perform and it's not difficult. Basically seeking approval from peers or family. For example, in the photo this individual smokes and is trying to quit. It is hurtful for their family members to watch a loved one do damage to themself and potentially spread second hand smoking which may give that individual a reason to stop smoking. ]]> 2021-09-02 00:09:36 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1711093462 Perceived Behavioral Control maddieprice https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1711834515 The Theory of Planned Behavior is basically the intention to behave in a certain way. One aspect of this theory is Perceived Behavioral Control. When someone is planning on performing a behavior, they are more likely to do it if they think it will be an easy task. If the task seems too difficult, it is likely the person will not complete or maintain the behavior. A health education specialist would first need to determine the attitudes towards the behavior and what the person expects as the outcome. Then they will need to find out what the person's significant others will think about the behavior. Their attitudes toward it are a huge influence on whether or not the behavior will be completed or maintained. Then the specialist will determine how difficult or easy the task would be for the person, to find out if the person will complete the behavior or not. Overall, the more positive of an outlook on the behavior, the better chance of it being completed. ]]> 2021-09-02 04:53:27 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1711834515 Preparation leytzia https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1713218668 The Transtheoretical Model consists of five stages precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. This model illustrates an individual ready to start on a new healthier behavior. The Preparation stage of the transtheoretical model is where an individual is ready to take action in the next 30 days. The individual starts to take steps towards the behavior change. The individual is also determine to continue through. The photo shows a person reading a healthy book recipe, that represents the stage of preparation. The women is determine to start a new healthy behavior and took the step to start making healthier foods. The individual believes that this new behavior can lead to a healthier lifestyle. ]]> 2021-09-02 16:36:55 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1713218668 Social Cognitive Theory: Expectations melanieg15 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1713562180 Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is the idea which describes the influence on health behaviors based on personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior. In this theory, people learn from experiences, actions, and the result from those actions that are based on six concepts. One of those key concepts related is expectations. This concept includes what the people expect as a result of their actions. For example, the picture I have chosen is of one person who is thinking. The picture shows how he is thinking about actions that could result in desired expectations by modifying his behavior.]]> 2021-09-02 19:26:27 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1713562180 Attitudes Toward the Behavior kamrynobrien5 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1713797717 The Theory of Planned Behavior includes three concepts that determine a person’s behavior. These three concepts are based on the person’s attitude towards the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. One concept that stands out to me is the person’s attitude towards the behavior, which represents why this person wants to perform the behavior and what positive and negative expectations are held regarding the behavior (Bensley & Brookins-Fisher, 2019, p. 8). In the image I have provided, we see someone imagining all the different possibilities that can occur if they were to perform a behavior. We can obviously see that the person is disturbed and wants to bring up something to their partner because of a rough patch they may be going through. The person is then creating images in their head of what to expect if they were to go along with what they want to get off of their chest. The positive expectation can be them being happy together, and the negative expectations can be a break up, an angry partner, or abandonment. ]]> 2021-09-02 22:47:17 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1713797717 Action genesis1076 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714176032 The health belief model includes 5 stages: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, & maintenance. The stage I chose for this assignment is action because I believe action is one of the hardest stages. This picture is an individual who is putting a nicotine patch on. This demonstrates the action of an individual trying to stop smoking. Nicotine patches are one little step forward towards to not smoking at all. ]]> 2021-09-03 01:48:55 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714176032 Perceived Severity katherineruff https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714544559 The Health Belief Model discusses a person’s perception, regarding their susceptibility, threat, or benefits of taking action to prevent a disease or illness. This model has 6 main constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to action, and self-efficacy.

The photo I posted is an advertisement to promote the danger of smoking. The advertisement asks “Do you want them to take after everyting you do?” over a cigarette box with crayons inside. On the box, it says “smoking seriously harms you and others around you.” This symbolizes how smoking can severely impact not only you, but other people in your life. For example, children see their parents as role models, so if you smoke as a parent, there is a possibility your child may take after you. This can be seen as perceived severity. Not only does smoking have medical consequences on your own body, like cancer, it has social consequences regarding the people around you. The advertisment shows the severity of the social consequences, like promoting smoking to your children. 

]]> 2021-09-03 04:15:48 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714544559 A Hispanics Perception on Health Care sofakaat https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714682091 The Health Belief Model emphasizes on encouraging people to take action toward enhancing their health and take it more seriously. In order to promote better health to people, a health educator must understand that individual’s perception of their health. Some of the factors that affect a person’s perception on their health is cultural differences and economic status. The image provided was found on the Kaiser Family Foundation and it demonstrates the difference of health challenges between Hispanics and whites. As a Hispanic, this chart hits home and explains a lot of my personal experience when it comes to health care.  

When it comes to a cultural difference, white people tend to put more faith into modern medicine than Hispanics or other people of color. Growing up when I got injured or sick my parents or grandparents would always come up with some sort of home remedy rather than take me to see a doctor. A doctor was always the very last resort. When I got sick, I was never really given medicine. My mom would just lather me up in Vick’s and repeat the “Sana sana colita de rana” chant. These home remedies do not always clear up everything. My grandparents still refuse to see the doctor even when they have serious health issues going on. It seems to be a cultural thing at this point.

In addition to Hispanic cultural traditions influencing the older generation from not going to the doctors, their economic status and accessibility to healthcare is another important factor affecting them from going to a hospital to better their health. In the image provided by Kaiser you can see that Hispanics are more likely to get diagnosed with a serious health condition, such as diabetes, compared to white people. Diabetes is a health condition that can get really bad if not taken care of properly. It’s hard to get the proper health when Hispanics usually tend to fall under a lower income tax bracket and being uninsured compared to white people. The cost of healthcare is super expensive in America, this seems to be the root of the problem as to why many individuals don’t seek out professional help when it comes to their health. They tend to either ignore the negative health issue going on or try to fix it on their own. One of the questions to help convince people to prevent negative health conditions is: “Are services or help available?” Sadly, for many Hispanics living in America that answer is no. ]]> 2021-09-03 05:38:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714682091 Public Policy Regarding Sex Offenders christine2000cz https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714685817 The social-ecological model focuses on how people's health and behaviors are formed by various levels of influence. In this model, there are five different levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy. The picture above illustrates the public policy of the model. The sex offender registry is in place to make sure previous or current sex offenders are accounted for in the state. When registering, these offenders must provide information regarding their criminal history, address, and physical appearance. By federal law, a database of sex offenders must be provided by the state and accessible to the public to identify who has a record (meganslaw.ca.gov). This law can also influence the community level of the model. Essentially, the registry can inform the community of where to be more cautious, especially if children are present. It can also help identify someone in the case of a sexual assault event. The public should have a right to know who can be a danger to others to prevent people from becoming victims. 

Source:
California Megan's Law WEBSITE state of California Department of Justice Office of the Attorney General. California Megan's Law. (n.d.). https://www.meganslaw.ca.gov/About.aspx. 

]]> 2021-09-03 05:41:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714685817 Diffusion of Innovation: COVID Vaccination Appointments (Community Canvassers) larenivar13 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714825031 Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI) is the process in which the innovation of ideas, products, or services spread throughout a targeted population/community, in order to improve the delivery of health education. The photo I decided to choose that greatly reflects this concept is a picture of a non-profit organization group I was part of named CDTECH, in South Central Los Angeles. When it came to the Coronavirus and its effects on people, brown and black communities were seen to be hit the most, due to the health inequities we as a community face. Vaccination rates were the lowest in both the brown and black community, therefore, CDTECH gathered a group of canvassers to go around the community of South Central door knocking offering vaccination appointments to all people. Many of the people living in this community do not have the vaccine either because, they are misinformed about it, or do not know how to make the appointment. This non-profit group made vaccination appointments more accessible to those who were sadly being left behind. The number of blacks and browns in South Central who are now vaccinated has now greatly increased, due to CDTECH's initiative. ]]> 2021-09-03 07:30:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714825031 Social Cognitive Theory: Reciprocal determinism dianahuynh https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714841893 The Social Cognitive Theory is how personal experiences, environmental impact, and conduct influence people’s behavior. An essential concept from the Social Cognitive Theory is reciprocal determinism. Reciprocal determinism signifies that a change in behavior results from a person’s interaction with their environment. The environment can either encourage or hinder people’s health. For example, the picture I chose displays multiple fast-food restaurants with numerous customers in the parking lot. The abundant number of fast-food chains being on just one street is an environmental factor that will discourage healthy eating. The locals in this living environment are surrounded by several of these restaurants while driving by. To make matters worse, they also see a lot of people eating at these chains. Therefore, the person will be influenced by the many fast-food choices available from their environment and eat at one of them just like everyone else. ]]> 2021-09-03 07:45:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1714841893 Perceived behavioral control seansoler0907 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1715874075 Health belief model mentions "perceived behavioral control" which refers to how difficult it will be for the individual to person and maintain. The concept of reasoned action is the key to this theory in which a person needs to reason about an intended behavior. This also is a cognitive process because a person looks for a reason to behave in a certain way. 
  
The picture chosen shows a sign for mask mandate. This exemplifies "perceived behavioral control" because many people view public health actions politically and see it as a manipulative way to take their "freedom." While certain people tend to not acknowledge that such actions from public officials are for public health, they might find mask mandates a bit difficult to comply with. Yes, people are entitled to have their opinions and beliefs but it is difficult to explain the "bread and butter" of Public Health to someone who is not open minded and only pursues their belief that their rights are being taken away or being too controlled. Even if one were to discuss the history of how the causes of death in communities used to be from epidemics, viruses like Influenza were overcame with vaccines, if people don't want to acknowledge the Public Health protocols, they would struggle to find a logical reason why things are being mandated. Hence, many people who work in public settings like restaurants struggle to have these type of people comply with the mask mandate for their own respective reasons. ]]> 2021-09-03 18:31:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1715874075 Self-efficacy sparksdara99 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1716125934 Self-efficacy in the health belief model is best defined as the confidence an individual has in their abilities to successfully perform a behavior. This plays a role throughout life when approaching goals and challenges. The health belief model is derived from psychological and behavioral theory, ultimately an individual's actions often depend on perceived benefits and barriers to health behavior. The photo represents the individual's journey to self-efficacy, going from "I can't do it" all the way up to "success," achieving their goals, which demonstrates self-efficacy.]]> 2021-09-03 22:37:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1716125934 Hand Sanitizer anneechauu1 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1716423442 Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory explains the process in which a new concept, product, or program is becoming even more distributed or popular to the public by following a list of criteria. A health product that follows the criteria of DOI is alcohol-based hand sanitizers. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the importance of regular hand washing in preventing the spread of the virus. However, there are individuals who do not have access to a sink and antibacterial soap right after handling potentially contaminated products. Hand sanitizers have a relative advantage where they temporarily replace hand washing when it is not readily available. This practice also has high compatibility with the current population. There is a visible increase in sales of hand sanitizers now versus pre-pandemic. Many locations, essential and recreational, now offer complimentary hand sanitizer to the general public and it is available for purchase virtually anywhere. It has low complexity and does not require effort to perform. Lastly, research and studies have revealed that hand sanitizers should be 60% alcohol in order to effectively sanitize.]]> 2021-09-04 07:04:22 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1716423442 Perceived Power kimberlynguyen12231 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717078528 In the Theory of Planned Behavior, one of the concepts, perceived power, refers to the belief about the power of a situation or factor facilitate the performing of the behavior or may impede the performance of a certain behavior. An example would be like in this picture, when an individual wants to try to quit smoking and has the support from his family along with the knowledge the harms of smoking but they thinks about the strength of the addiction and the cost of smoking cessation. Thus, this perceived power that because of those elements, it makes it very difficult to quit. The reason why I chose this image was because I think it best represents the example that I had mentioned. This individual feels handcuffed physically and metaphorically to smoking cigarettes. In the image, it also shows the key right next to the individuals hand yet, the hand is in a closed fist position making it impossible to grab the key and remove the handcuffs from the cigarettes. I believe this best represents perceived power because in the picture they can open their hands to grab the key however, the perceived power of "I cannot quit because of this" makes their behavior more immense and harder to quit the behavior.]]> 2021-09-05 04:18:12 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717078528 Individual's Behavior https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717097340 Theory of Planned Behavior is about the development of a person behavior is affected by the information available around him/her. The performance of the person's behavior is defined by his/her intention to involve on it and the perception is within him/herself. There are three concepts where a person based his/her behavior: attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. ]]> 2021-09-05 04:48:47 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717097340 Multiple Influences cviera5 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717187891 The social ecological model focuses on the different influences on an individual and how each one can affect them differently. There are five different factors that can be targeted and that includes intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy. I chose this picture because of how it relates to the theory that there are many different ways in which a parson can be impacted. There is not one way in which we are able to teach or support any two individuals the same. Each person is affected by different aspects of their life and therefore can not react or learn the same as someone else. Everyone is different in their own unique way and therefore no "one size fits all".]]> 2021-09-05 07:07:41 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717187891 Social Cognitive Theory: Self-efficacy sophiagunzon https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717726636 The premise of the social cognitive theory is the idea that people learn through observing others through their actions and consequences. An individual's knowledge can be influenced by and directly related to their environment, experiences, and skills and knowledge observed through others. One of the six concepts is self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is the belief that an individual has the ability to execute their actions and behaviors to meet their desired goal or level of performance. A person's degree of efficacy is related to their own control of their confidence, motivation, behavior and environment. The image I chose above represents the confidence and determinism that a person can have to have the efficacy to continue towards their goal. Having such positive attitude and perspective of one self can help build strong self-efficacy. In essence, how you view yourself can help determine the outcome of your desired goal or behavior. ]]> 2021-09-05 19:46:39 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717726636 Diffusion of Innovation briannabatres https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717742654 Diffusion of innovation (DOI),  is defined as a research model that characterizes how a new idea, product or positive health behavior spreads through a community or social structure. The photo I decided to use represents all three, it is a new idea, product, and positive health behavior for society that has been urged since the beginning of COVID-19. The image signifies protecting not just individuals but the individuals surrounding them. The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed the importance of wearing a mask in various ways and at one point has needed to mandate it for the best interest of the community as a whole. Through community support, policy, and advertisements such as this one it helps spread through the communities worldwide. Advertisements are a important method to encourage ideas.]]> 2021-09-05 20:14:58 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717742654 Perceived Benefits juditramirez1 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717839542 The health belief model is an important one within the multiple theory concepts. Within the health belief models are perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, health motivation, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. All these influence an individual to take action in making a change leading to a better health life. 
The example I chose is someone drinking alcohol. It is difficult to make someone change their behavior if there isn’t something in it for them. People do not want to stop doing something if they don’t get something in return. In addition, if the individual believes that he/she will not develop any long term illness, then they are less likely to stop drinking. These perceived benefits are linked to other factors. A factor includes perceived effectiveness of a behavior. 

]]> 2021-09-05 23:14:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1717839542 Diffusion of Innovation Theory - E-cigarette risks josephcambrano https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718140855 Diffusion of innovation theory is used to introduce change and innovations to the public so they can be implemented. The picture I chose, relates to the diffusion of innovation theory because unfortunately there is a misconception among the public in that they believe that e-cigarettes are not as harmful as cigarettes due to the amount of nicotine in it. The American Lung Association made this image to inform the public specifically parents that cigarette use can cause irreversible lung damage in the future E-cigarettes contain nicotine which is an addictive toxin that can make it harder for people to quit inhaling it and it also comes in various flavors which makes it more appealing to younger people. Electronic cigarette prevention programs helped bring awareness on how dangerous it is to use E cigarettes by using images to persuade people to stop using them. Therefore to prevent the use of E cigarettes images like this can help spread the message which is that continued use of E-cigarettes can cause chronic health issues and the sooner people quit the better their health will be in the future.]]> 2021-09-06 02:06:20 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718140855 Action bbethanyy https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718145767 Lights, Camera, Action! One of the big phases of the transtheoretical model is the action stage. The action stage occurs after pre contemplation, contemplation, and preparation. After you have fought the mental battles of whether or not a change should be made and figuring out how you will make it, the next thing to do is enact the change. My picture shows three individuals who have enacted change by going to what appears to be a gym. After this, the next step is going to be showing up the next day!]]> 2021-09-06 02:08:25 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718145767 Diffusion of Innovative Theory: COVID 19 Vaccine arellanescynthia https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718158249 Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI) is defined as a theory in which new programs, ideas, and materials are integrated to improve health education. The image I chose shows an individual receiving the COVID-19 Vaccine with the words "Lets get vaccinated". The COVID-19 vaccine itself is a new innovation in the health industry developed in 2021, in efforts to decrease the spread and severity of the corona virus. The pandemic has strongly stressed the importance of being vaccinated during this time by making the vaccine not only easily accessible for all individuals in every community, but also completely free and at no cost whatsoever. Ultimately, research shows the COVID-19 vaccine has shown up to 80% decline in new cases, thus marking a huge accomplishment in health.]]> 2021-09-06 02:13:51 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718158249 Behavioral Capability https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718280912 Social Cognitive Theory centers around the idea that human behavior can be explained in terms of a three-way, dynamic, and reciprocal phenomenon. On of these three phenomenons of social cognitive theory that explains human behavior is behavioral capability. Behavioral capability is the capability of a person being able to change a behavior to lead them to their desired behavior. An example of behavioral capability is counting calories. If a person's desired behavior is to be food-conscious and/or lose weight, then they will develop the skill of counting their calories and monitoring their caloric intake. ]]> 2021-09-06 03:06:16 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718280912 Diffusion of Innovation Theory: Mobile Banking https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718384851 Diffusion of Innovation Theory, or DOI, is the theory that explains the process of a service or product being largely spread through a community, while also advancing over time. The photo I provided shows a person on a mobile banking app. This photo relates to Diffusion of Innovation Theory because technology has provided an advancement in the banking industry. The delivery of banking services has experienced many advanced changes only in the past few years. It is now more convenient to bank online, rather than in person, to complete simple tasks, such as: depositing a check, transferring money, sending money, etc. Now, instead of having to make a trip to the bank or an ATM, mobile deposit is available with the click of a few buttons and/ or snap of a picture. Electronic banking is a very successful innovation that has opened a whole new channel of banking transactions.]]> 2021-09-06 03:56:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718384851 Self-efficacy jensan1117 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718448791 The Health Belief Model is a theoretical model used to guide individuals towards health promotion and disease prevention. It can also be used to explain and predict individual changes in health behaviors. I chose this picture because it portrays one of the six concepts, self-efficacy, which promotes positive reinforcement with healthy eating habits. It allows an individual to hold confidence in one's ability to take action. Unhealthy diets include a high content of fats, free sugars, and salt. I find it convincing to say, "you are what you eat" because if one eats junk food and unhealthy food, this habit alone can send an individual downhill towards the risk of many diseases such as heart disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity-related deaths. Overweight and obesity are associated with at least 13 types, including endometrial (uterine) cancer, breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and colorectal cancer. By eating healthier and cleaner foods, one feels vibrant and optimistic about their life choices. This advertisement portrays following a clean diet which includes fruit, vegetables, legumes (e.g., lentils and beans), nuts, and whole grains (e.g., unprocessed maize, millet, oats, wheat, and brown rice). When an individual follows a healthy diet, up to 80% of premature heart disease and stroke can be prevented through your life choices and habits, such as eating a healthy diet and being physically active. A healthy diet keeps your body strong, your mind sharp and can help slow the aging process. It also lowers your risk for high blood pressure, heart and respiratory disease, and some cancers. Eating nutritious foods can help you adjust to the natural aging process and retain youth.]]> 2021-09-06 04:28:35 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718448791 Maintenance Stage kyanie https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718558784 There are five stages that make up the Transtheoretical Model, also known as the Stages of Change. These stages include the precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Most health care specialists hope that people who are given a Transtheoretical Model Health Program reach the Maintenance stage because this is the hardest and last stage. This stage is reached when a person sustains a healthy behavior for the past year and has not relapsed to unhealthy behaviors. This means that the program is complete and the healthy behaviors have become a habit. My photo represents the Maintenance stage because it shows a person turning a new leaf and making the changes needed for the better. They have made the final decision to stay in their healthy habits, instead of relapsing. Thus, the person is eliminating the dark parts of their life, which is represented by the grey photo. In place of this darkness, the person is pulling the brighter, better and new chapter in their life, represented by the colorful side of the photo.]]> 2021-09-06 05:26:33 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718558784 Transtheoretical Model bjaramillo157 https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718585950 The picture that is being displayed suits the contemplation stage of the transtheoretical model. In this stage, people are deciding to progress towards a positive behavior change and are beginning to seek help. They may begin to weigh out the pros and cons of making such changes as well as the sources they may use. In this picture one can see that someone is thinking about possibly joining a rehabilitation center or rehab. They may be doing so in order to change a negative behavior such as alcoholism or drug use.]]> 2021-09-06 05:42:23 UTC https://padlet.com/jeponce/80fwf5l9prt0ityy/wish/1718585950