The Tutors and the Stuarts by Raúl Garín

The Tutors (1485--1603)

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The Stuarts (1603–1714)

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Main reasons they were dethroned?

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Civil War

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Ireland exploded in rebellion against the Protestant English and Scottish settlers. As many as 3,000 people, men, women and children, were killed, most of them in Ulster. By 1645 the Royalist army was unpaid, and as a result soldiers either ran away, or stole from local villages and farms. In the end, in 1645 the Royalist army was finally defeated.

What did they do?

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Religious disagreements

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Charles shared his father’s dislike of the puritians. Contrary to popular feeling, though, Charles appointed an enemy of the Puritans, William Laud, as Archbishop of Canterbury. Archbishop Laud brought back in to the Anglican Church many Catholic practices. They were extremely unpopular. Then, a small group of Catholics had been caught trying to blow up the Houses of Parliament with King James inside. One of these men, Guy Fawkes, was captured in the cellar under the House.

New Monarchy

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The Tudors (during the time of Henry VII) aimed to make the crown financially independent, and the lands and the fines he took from the old nobility helped him do this. One might expect Henry to have been unpopular, but he was careful to keep the friendship of the merchant and the lesser gentry classes. Like him, they wanted peace and prosperity, He created a new nobility from among them, and men unknown before now became Henry's statesmen.

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Henry VIII -- The bastard

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Who were they?

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Hard, cruel, ambitious and calculating. Few survived his anger. He executed two of his wives. Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, and several of his ministers and leading churchmen. Best known among these were his Lord Chancellor Thomas More, and his assistant carrying out the Reformation, Thomas Cromwell.

The Reformation

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Henry VIII was always looking for new sources of money. Henry disliked the power of the Church in England because, since it was an international organization, he could not completely control it. Between 1536 and 1539 they closed 560 monasteries and other religious houses. Henry did this in order to make money, but he also wanted to be popular with the rising classes of landowners and merchants. Henry died in 1547, leaving behind his sixth wife, Catherine Parr, and his three children.

Fountains of Abbey (ruins)

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The New Foreign Policy

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Henry VII had been careful to remain friendly with neighboring countries. His son, Henry VIII, had been more ambitious, hoping to play an important part in European politics. Spain at that time ruled the Netherlands, although many of the people were Protestant and were fighting for their independence from Catholic Spanish rule.

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The Stuarts were a British dynasty that reigned in England and Scotland from 1603 to 1714. The Stuarts were the first kings of the United Kingdom. King James VI of Scotland also became King James I of England.

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They had many quarrels with the parliament, as they thought they had divine powers, and were selected by God to rule the kingdom. This dispute lasted until Charles, the son of James I, dissolved the Parliament to prevent the use of the Petition of Right, an important rule of government by Parliament, that estate that the Parliament controlled both state money, the “national budget”, and the law.

Parliaments against the crown

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