Baju kurung is used by Brunei women. Brunei Darussalam's baju kurung has the same shape as in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the southern part of Thailand. Baju kurung is a loose shirt consisting of a long blouse and a long skirt. The material used is cotton, satin, or silk.

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The parts of the Nyonya Kebaya and how to wear them were described in the video. It began with a piece of "batik lepas," or sarong. Next, she mentioned there are always phoenixes and colorful flowers in the Nyonya Kebaya design. Lastly, they clamped it down with kerongsang. The kebaya is still influenced by Chinese apparel.

• Bruneian Malays wore baju kurung for a long time before it became the country's national clothing.

• The community used to wear baju kurung on a regular basis in the past. Even monarchies wear baju kurung at important ceremonies such as national traditions and weddings.

• Because baju kurung is not too tight on the body, it is heavily influenced by Islam.

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• Indonesian female captives during World War II insisted on donning the kebaya rather than the western clothing that had been assigned to them.

• After Indonesia declared its independence in 1945, it was formally recognized as the national costume of Indonesia.

• An ornamental brooch, usually a dokoh (three-piece brooch) made of tin, silver, or gold, is used to bind the blouse's center opening because traditional kebayas have no buttons down the front. A kain sarung draped around the torso finishes the appearance.

Key point:

• Nyonya needlework has great social significance within the Baba Nyonya community, serving as a status symbol other than its aesthetic value.

• The classic Nyonya needlework appears to merge effortlessly, symbolizing both the cultures of Malaysia and China. For instance, floral designs are Malay-influenced, whereas famous Nyonya embroidered motifs like peonies and goldfish are Chinese-influenced.

• The technique called sulam goyang is used to create embroidery on the cloth by passing it back and forth through a vintage pedal sewing machine with a needle in a hoop.

• Women from Peranakan traditionally wore knee-length tunics over batik sarongs, which were derived from the Malay baju kurung. However, Peranakan women started to take inspiration from the lace-embroidered kebaya that European and Eurasian women had made fashionable at the beginning of the 20th century, and the hip-length Kebaya Peranakan gained popularity in the 1920s.

• the blouse has finer embroidery around the borders and is coloured in more vivid hues. Flowers, butterflies, phoenixes, dragons, insects, and even people are common motifs.

• A sarong, which frequently comes in vivid hues and eye-catching designs like flowers, birds, butterflies, and even checkered and geometric patterns, completes the ensemble.

• It's also accessorised with elaborate kasut manek (hand-beaded shoes), a silver belt to hold the sarong in place, and cucuk sanggul (hairpins for buns) for formal events.

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Group: LG2431C

My e-portfolio is about traditional costumes of these five community.

• The Portuguese term kobaya is where the name kebaya originates.

• With its figure-hugging design and elaborate embroidery at the neckline, sleeves, and hem, the short kebaya was more attractive.

• In the past, the detailed embroidery on the kebaya sulam required six months of handiwork to complete.

• The Nyonya picked Pekalungan batik from Java due to its vivid colour scheme and pattern of flowers, birds, insects, and other animals. The kebaya is worn with a batik sarong.

Brightly colored textiles like velvet, brocade silk, cotton, and nylon are typically used to make kebayas. The kebaya is made up of tops that are shaped like kebayas, kemban (fabric that is wrapped around women's bodies), tapih pinjung cloth (which is wrapped around the waist using a batik pattern from left to right), and stagen (a corset). They chose batik fabric for the bottom sections.

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• The Kutubaru kebaya was the common outfit worn by Surakarta locals in the 1930s. In fact, at the time of Indonesian independence, the kutubaru kebaya was frequently applied to indicate a wearer's social standing.

• The basic clothing and ornamentation used to wear kebayas reveal differences in socioeconomic status. Nobility typically wears kebayas that combine written batik techniques.

• The evolution of Islamic teachings that the Surakarta government has previously followed is closely connected to the idea of kutubaru kebaya.

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Melanau dress and jewelry preferences are for minimal, exquisite items rather than large or outstanding displays. The beauty of Melanau traditional apparel may be seen in the diversity of ornamentation that shows off the expertise of the hands who make it. Whether woven, beaded, or sequined, ornaments on clothing represent ethnic themes (for example, those found on the sleeves of baju baban and baju baldu). Personal jewelry composed of silver and beads signifies the wearer's status and affluence.

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• Baju Kurung was not only considered as suitable professional wear, but it also showed respect and politeness to the elderly. In Naemahbinti Yusuf, the 1960 Ratu Kebaya, interview,  stated that despite her preference for baju kebaya and sarong batik, she preferred to wear baju kurung. Her major motivation was to honour the prederences of the elderly, who preferred the baju kurong.

• Following that, during the worldwide Islamic revival in the 1970s, loose-fitting baju kurung were worn with headscarves that partially covered their hair. It's also interesting to see how ladies like to pair matching headscarves with baju kurung.

Women will dress in a short sinungga shirt, a long cloth, and a batik scarf with a himpogot belt.  they will pair the black velvet fabric shirt embroidered with golden yellow lace and a clove made of beautifully woven bamboo. They will be decked with silver coin bracelets and belts.