Gaps in foundational knowledge

Lack of engagement with peers

Dependence on technology

Absence of formal assessments

Limited content retention

It is important to align the learning outcomes to the curriculum

As the teacher you set the culture of the classroom, you want students to have a positive attitude about PBL

As educators it is important to effectively manage the activities within PBL

It is still vital to scaffold student learning through the PBL assignment

Establish how grading/ student learning will be assessed

It is important to still engage with the students while they work on PBL assignments to check in and see if they have concerns.

The project is framed by a meaningful problem or question

Sustained Inquiry: Rigorous and extended process of finding information and resources, then applying them.

Authenticity: The project involves real-world context, tasks and tools, and quality standards, and speaks to personal concerns or interests.

Students make some decisions about the project and how they express their ideas.

They should reflect on what they learned, the effectiveness of their projects, inquiries, and activities, and how they overcame obstacles.

Students give and receive feedback and then reflect on their projects to improve processes and products.

Higher-order thinking for students involves guiding questions to encourage analysis and evaluation.

Knowledge integration where maintaining focus on subject-specific content is crucial so that students meet learning objectives.

Engaging students with real-world applications, such as more practical work relevant to the task.

Must offer support

Clear goals will provide a balance between exploration and essential learning.

Can be influenced by different variables (Region, country, subject, croup/class size) giving different results.

Harder to defend grades since there is no formal assessment.

Can be complex to design PBL activities.

Teaching of PBL differs from teacher to teacher.