Reading Strategies & Assessments by Crystal Massengale [Griffith ES] https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m Grades K-5 en-us 2021-02-17 02:35:46 UTC 2025-11-08 03:27:20 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f4d6.png Phonemic Awareness Instruction martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209495724 • All children benefit from phonemic awareness instruction
• The most effective instruction is direct and systematic
• Instruction in small groups is effective
• A little instruction goes a long way - keep lessons brief]]> 2021-02-17 02:43:15 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209495724 Important Terms martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209498263 Open - nothing block a sound during its production such as /o/

Blocked - the sound is blocked by the tongue, teeth, or lips during production such as /m/

Partially blocked - the tongue, teeth, or lips are released during the production of the sound such as /b/

Voiced - the vocal cords are activated during the production (feel your vocal chords vibrate when you say say /m/)

Unvoiced - the vocal cords are not activated during the production (/s/)

Clipped - the sound is stopped immediately after production (/p/)

Continuous/Continuant - the sound is continued until it can no longer be sustained (/m/)

Breve – a diacritical mark that indicates the short sound of a vowel /ŏ/

Macron – a diacritical mark that indicates the long sound of a vowel /ō/

Cognates – are phonemes that have the same visual display, mouth position, and place of articulation. The only difference is that one sound activates the vocal cords and one does not activate the vocal cords (e.g., /g/ and /k/). See page 10 in your activity book for more information.]]> 2021-02-17 02:45:06 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209498263 Yopp-Singer PA Assessment martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209513246 2021-02-17 02:56:03 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209513246 CORE Phoneme Segmentation Assessment martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209514186 2021-02-17 02:56:46 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209514186 Word Study Tips martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209518284 2021-02-17 02:59:50 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209518284 General Info & Strategies martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209524812 2021-02-17 03:04:58 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209524812 Important Terms & Research martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209525780 2021-02-17 03:05:41 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209525780 Assessments & Resources martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209525937 2021-02-17 03:05:49 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209525937 Phonics Instruction martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209539533
  • Learn new sounds and sound patterns in a systematic way
  • Teach phonics explicitly
  • Whole group phonics instruction should occur in grades K-2 daily
  • Older students may require phonics instruction in a one-on-one or small group setting based on needs
    • ]]>     2021-02-17 03:16:18 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1209539533     References martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505772908 Armbuster, B.B., & Lehr, F., & Osborn, J. (2010). Put reading first: The research building blocks for teaching children to read: kindergarten through grade 3. DIANE Publishing.

    Yopp, H. K. (1995). A test for assessing phonemic awareness in young children [Abstract]. The Reading Teacher, 49(1), 20-21. doi:10.1598/rt.49.1.3]]>     2021-05-09 03:16:57 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505772908     References martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505773474 2021-05-09 03:17:54 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505773474 Phonemic Awareness Strategies martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505780361 2021-05-09 03:27:54 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505780361 Vocabulary Instruction martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505785124
  • There is a multi-million "word gap" between children in wealthy families compared to those living in poverty (see below for more).
  • If you teach your students 10-15 words a week, you will have taught 555 words by the end of the year.
  • Students need multiple opportunities to hear and use a new word before it becomes a part of their vocabulary.
  • Attaching words to a concept (prior knowledge) aids students.
    • ]]>     2021-05-09 03:35:06 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505785124     Key Terms martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505785698 Morphemic Analysis - using knowledge of suffixes, prefixes, and root words to determine the meaning of an unknown word

    Context Clues - hints that are found within a passage that assist a reader in determining the meaning of an unknown word

    Figurative language - non-literal language, such as similes, metaphors, and idioms
    *require explicit teaching for all students, especially ELLs

    Vocabulary Tiers
    Tier 1: Basic Words
    Tier 2: Academic Words
    Tier 3: Specialized Words

    Word wall - contains high-frequency words

    Vocabulary wall - contains vocabulary words which are most likely not high-frequency words
    *likely relates to content area vocabulary
    ]]>     2021-05-09 03:36:02 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505785698     Invented Spellings martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505787681 2021-05-09 03:39:08 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505787681 References martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505788945 Phonics. Read Naturally, Inc. (2021). https://www.readnaturally.com/research/5-components-of-reading/phonics. 

    Williams, C., Phillips‐Birdsong, C., Hufnagel, K., Hungler, D. and Lundstrom, R.P. (2009), Word Study Instruction in the K–2 Classroom. The Reading Teacher, 62: 570-578. https://doi.org/10.1598/RT.62.7.3]]>     2021-05-09 03:41:09 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505788945     CORE Phonics martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505791859 2021-05-09 03:45:58 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505791859 Comprehension Instruction martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505797867 Determine student needs:
    • Is the student reading with sufficient fluency to allow for comprehension?
    • What level of questioning is the student struggling with?
    • What comprehension strategies may the student use while reading independently?
    When selecting questions during shared reading, plan ahead! Certain texts lend themselves very well to modeling answering questions using comprehension strategies.
    ]]>     2021-05-09 03:54:08 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505797867     Informal Reading Inventories martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505797874 Flynt & Cooter - Resource available for copies in the Griffith teacher resource area in the Flex Room ]]> 2021-05-09 03:54:08 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505797874 How to Score an IRI martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505822925 2021-05-09 04:27:48 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505822925 References martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505825296 Airth, M. (2021, March 31). Understanding Miscue Analysis & Running Record Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/understanding-miscue-analysis-running-record.html]]> 2021-05-09 04:31:19 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505825296 Miscue Analysis for Running Records martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505825606 2021-05-09 04:31:35 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505825606 References martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505827534 Applegate, M. D., Quinn, K. B., & Applegate, A. J. (2002). Levels of Thinking Required by Comprehension Questions in Informal Reading Inventories. The Reading Teacher, 56(2), 174–180

    SchoolEducationGroup, director. How to Score an Informal Reading Inventory (IRI). YouTube, YouTube, 4 Apr. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMxOsyG0CJI. ]]>     2021-05-09 04:34:03 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505827534     References martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505827658 Hart, B., & T.R. Risley. 2003. “The Early Catastrophe: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3.” American Educator 27 (1): 4–9. www.aft.org/pdfs/americaneducator/spring2003/TheEarlyCatastrophe.pdf.

    Training & Technical Assistance Center. (2015). PDF. William & Mary School of Education. https://education.wm.edu/centers/ttac/documents/packets/wordaboutvocabulary.pdf

    ]]>     2021-05-09 04:34:16 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505827658     Fluency Instruction martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505828038
  • Reading rate, expression, and accuracy all play a role - not just speed!
  • Fluency is necessary for comprehension
  • Build fluency through repeated readings 
  • Analyze miscues to determine specific student needs when addressing "choppy" reading
    • ]]>     2021-05-09 04:34:49 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505828038     Running Records martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505828534
  • Assess fluency
  • Assess accuracy
  • Allow for miscue analysis and further personalized instruction
  • One-on-one assessment
    • ]]>     2021-05-09 04:35:32 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505828534     Vocabulary Strategies martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505829920 2021-05-09 04:37:27 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505829920 Levels of Thinking in IRI Questions martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505832018 2021-05-09 04:40:23 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505832018 FCRR Reading Passages Grades 1-5 martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505833298 2021-05-09 04:42:20 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505833298 Stages of Spelling martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505840273 Pre-phonemic
    • Scribbling
    • Letter-like symbols
    •  Strings of letters
    • Pictures
    Phonemic/Letter-Name 
    • Attempt at picture labeling
    • Beginning letter sounds are used (d=dog)
    • Consonants represent words  (dg=dog, ct=cat)
    • Invented spelling is primarily used
    Transitional 
    • Initial, middle and final sounds  match words students attempt to spell (gras=grass)
    • Words are identifiable and match conventions of writing 
    • Phrasing begins 
    • Whole sentence writing develops
    Conventional Writing 
    • Correct spelling of words 
    • Invented  spelling is no longer used
    ]]>     2021-05-09 04:52:27 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505840273     Writing Continuum martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505841566
  • Beginning – Writers write about direct occurrences, use familiar short sentences and basic descriptive words. May experiment with capitalization and periods, though not always accurately.
  • Expanding - Writers are learning how to expand their writing, perhaps considering audience and tone.  Stories will include a beginning, middle, and end with more details included.
  • Bridging - With teacher guidance, writers develop more detailed and structured paragraphs.
  • Fluent – Writers can write organized and consistent paragraphs. They are also able to edit and revise their work.  
  • Proficient - Writers deal with abstract and complex issues in a creative and versatile manner - this is advanced!
  • Independent - Writers have developed their own unique style that evolves as they continuously evaluate their own work.
    • ]]>     2021-05-09 04:54:10 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505841566     Writing Continuum Checklist martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505845399 2021-05-09 04:59:27 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505845399 References martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505846200 Invernizzi, M., Abouzeid M., & Gill, T. (1994). Using Students' Invented Spellings as a Guide for Spelling Instruction That Emphasizes Word Study. The Elementary School Journal, 95(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1086/461796

    Loomis, S. (2021). Stages of writing and writing assessment. PowerPoint.]]>     2021-05-09 05:00:24 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505846200     The Word Gap martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505850799 2021-05-09 05:06:22 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505850799 Writing Instruction martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505856345
  • Many students feel anxious about writing
  • Daily journaling can help build students' comfort level
  • Provide opportunities for choice when selecting writing topics
  • Authentic writing opportunities increase student engagements
  • Incorporate writing into all content areas
  • Change it up! Provide opportunities to write poetry, fiction, non-fiction, and provide a variety of prompts
    • ]]>     2021-05-09 05:12:33 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505856345     martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505871744 2021-05-09 05:28:34 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505871744 Teaching Suggestion: Multi-Genre Project martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505945933 2021-05-09 06:37:05 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505945933 Explicit Phonics martic13 https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505956549 2021-05-09 06:45:30 UTC https://padlet.com/martic13/7uvq9k9bkbiiwa4m/wish/1505956549