Scrapbook by Awab Ibrahim

Network

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A computer network is formed when two or more computers are connected. A network can be made up of two computers or hundreds of thousands of computers—there is no maximum size.

Local area networks (LANs)

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In a LAN, computers are close together, typically in the same building or office.

Intranet

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A private network accessible only to an organization's employees, resembling the Internet but restricted in access.

Wide area networks (WANs)

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When connected computers are far apart—in different buildings, different cities, or even different countries—we call the network a WAN. The Internet is the largest of all WANs, made up of many smaller networks.

Extranet

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Sections of a network that permit authorized external users (such as customers) limited access to an organization's intranet.

Network operating system (NOS)

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Software that manages and secures a computer network.

Network protocols

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Rules governing communication and interaction between computers on a network.

Bandwidth

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The rate of data transfer over a network, usually measured in bits per second.

Network interface cards (NICs)

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Hardware components that enable computers to send and receive data on a network.

Cable

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Transmission medium used for sending and receiving data between computers in a network.

Ethernet twisted-pair

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A common type of network cable used in LANs, such as CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6, and CAT7, offering varying speeds and performance.

Fiber-optic

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A cable that transmits data using light through thin glass tubes, providing faster speeds over longer distances than traditional cables.

Wireless networking

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Technology that enables data transmission without physical cables, often using radio frequencies or Wi-Fi.

Hub

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A device used to connect multiple computers on a network, transmitting data to all connected devices.

Switch

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Similar to a hub, but it intelligently directs data specifically to the intended recipient on a network.

Router

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Connects networks together and manages data traffic between them, often linking computers to the Internet.

Wi-Fi

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Wireless technology using radio frequencies for local area networking and internet access.

Connection speed

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The rate at which data travels over a network, measured in Mbps or other data transfer units.

Client/server system

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A network architecture where servers handle specific tasks and clients communicate with servers but not directly with each other.

Clients

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Computers or devices that access and utilize resources provided by servers on a network.

Virtual private network (VPN)

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A secure network connection established over a public network, ensuring encrypted data transmission.

Packets

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Smaller units of data that travel across networks, assembled at the destination to reconstruct the original data.

Collision

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Occurs when multiple transmitters attempt to send data simultaneously on a network, resulting in interference.

Protocol

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The rules, or “language,” that computers on a network agree to use