https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4 The Caribbean today is characterized by grave intolerance and mistrust at all levels en-us 2019-11-21 19:13:57 UTC 2023-07-26 06:57:51 UTC hello@padlet.com maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417171893 (1) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2771137?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
(2) https://www.persee.fr/doc/jsa_0037-9174_1969_num_58_1_2103]]> 2019-11-27 15:24:16 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417171893 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417179617 The Caribbean is geographically characterized by mountainous islands that encloses the Caribbean Sea. Most of these islands were inhabited by the Indigenous people, the Neo-Indians. These people lead simple lifestyles which were disrupted by the arrival of various groups of Europeans. Each group brought with them not only pain and Terror but multiple other ethnic groups to be used as slaves. This has lead to diversity within the Caribbean which requires constant reworking of an indefinable definition of what it truly is. Though the diversity of the Caribbean provides a sense of familiarity for most people who visit, various attempts at Colonization has lead to mistrust and intolerance plaguing society. Mistrust is seen between the classes and races whereas intolerance is seen between islands and various cultural groups. 

]]> 2019-11-27 15:43:32 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417179617 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417181231 As defined by Milton Gordon in his article "Social Class in American sociology", "The term "social class"...the horizontal stratification of a population". Though this definition is correct in saying that class is the stratification of a population, it speaks vaguely of the characteristics which lead to this stratification. In the plantation era, there was not only a distinction between the whites and the slaves, but also between the slaves themselves (Henriques). This article further speaks of the white bias which lead to a view of white as the holder of power, authority and prestige. The slave class can be further segmented into the field slaves and the domestic slaves who held a higher position. Above them are the mulatto children whom have a lighter skin tone and softer hair. Among the lower class, access to resources was, and continues to be limited. Despite movement from the plantation era, social stratification continues to be seen today in the access to education, job opportunities, etc. The upper class has the advantage of networks which provide them with information and opportunities easily which are not as readily available to the lower class. Lack of accessibility to these resources has seemingly pushed the lower class to desperation. The crime rate, as well as gang activity has increased drastically as people not only steal to acquire their needs, but also turn to gang activity as a source of income. This has lead to a stigma toward the lower class which classes them as unsafe. Job opportunities are difficult as the area with which one lives will affect their ability to acquire employment. ]]> 2019-11-27 15:47:48 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417181231 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417808682 The following article speaks of the issue regarding the influx of venezuelans eventually becoming a burden. 
https://www.guardian.co.tt/news/pm-volume-of-venezuelans-will-become-a-burden-6.2.852527.a8936991a5]]> 2019-11-29 16:52:26 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417808682 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417810303 The diversification of the Caribbean lead to creolization which, according to the oxford English dictionary, is the assimilation of aspects of another culture or cultures. The removal of Africans from their native home of West Africa lead to a loss of identity as they held no connection to the new land they inhabited. Variations among the population were evident not only in the physical characteristics, but also in the cultural elements. Despite the implementation of the dividing rule, socialisation between races still occurred. As their time in the colonial era continued to grow more difficult to cope with, they began longing for a sense of belonging. In an attempt to retain an identity in a land unfamiliar to them, assimilation began among the different cultural groups. This allowed for similarities between cultures and brought a sense of unity to society as each group related to another in some aspect. Though this hybridisation brought a sense of belonging, it was not prevalent throughout society. There was still intolerance and restlessness between ethnicities as most fought against the hybridisation and opted to retain what elements of their pure culture in its original state. 

]]> 2019-11-29 17:00:33 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417810303 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417810575 With advancement in technology movement between islands is easier than ever. There is constant mixing and socialization with people of different cultural groups. Though this is an excellent means of promoting local goods and services and supports the tourism industry, there is still intolerance among society for other cultures. Patterns in cultural differences change but the boundary between ethnicities remain (Robert). Foreigners are welcomed as temporary features for generating income through sale of goods, etc. but when their stay becomes permanent, the issue arises. Movement from one island to another could be for a variety of reasons some of which may include a national crisis, food shortages or better opportunities overall. Despite knowing this, people still have a low tolerance for foreigners and often degrade them through stereotyping or insults. An example is the influx of Venezuelans into Trinidad and Tobago.  Their movement is out of desperation to provide a better lifestyle for their families due to the high crime rate, food shortage and other crises. Most Trinidadians and Tobagonians are not supportive of their movement and hurl insults at them around every corner. They enter a country whose main language is English and face communication challenges every day. Instead of offering aid in this issue people argue that it’s their country, they shouldn’t have to learn a new language to facilitate them. They face housing issues and people make very little attempts at offering aid. Though this issue occurs within the general population, the government has shown more tolerance toward them by offering citizenship. A fear of reverting to the colonial era whereby the number of foreigners overpowered the population and resulted in a loss of identity may be the cause of intolerance toward the movement of Venezuelans. The Caribbean has finally settled, to a certain extent, into their culture and a constant influx of foreigners may harbour fear in people of the country.

]]> 2019-11-29 17:02:03 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417810575 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417815317 The diversification of the Caribbean that resulted from the movement of laborers of various ethnicities brought not only ethnic variety, but also racial variety. On the website Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico, they describe the idea of Europe viewing itself as being superior and this thinking lead to their use of race to classify human beings. As mentioned earlier, the dividing rule separated the different ethnic groups and attempted to prevent them from socializing. This proved to be a futile effort, however, as hybridization of races still occurred. What was once a community denoted by Africans and Whites was now a community filed with Mulatto's and other blends of various skin tones. The mixing occurred with the other races as well and was not limited to the whites and Africans. Although the hybridization was occurring a strong white bias remained but with this came the formation of an intermediate class, the mulattoes. These people were given more freedom and more acceptance in some cases. Where manumission occurred, it was in favor of the mulatto's (Henriques). Movement from the colonial era did nothing to alleviate the issue of division among society segregation continues to be based on race. Today, racial actions are becoming a norm. Society is becoming biased toward, not only the upper class but also the Indians and Whites. An example is within the education system where denominational schools, despite accepting children of all races and cultural backgrounds, still gives preferential treatment toward the denomination of the school. If an African child in a Hindu school succeeds, they are belittled and degraded whereas when an Indian child succeeds, they are commended. Society is growing more intolerant toward children of different races and it is seen not only between Africans and Indians, but also between, Chinese, Venezuelans and other races which enter the country. Constant competition between different races generates mistrust between people as everyone questions just how far one is willing to go for success. ]]> 2019-11-29 17:31:11 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417815317 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417816381 (1) https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/44232?redirectedFrom=creolization+#eid
(2) https://www.jstor.org/stable/3005570?seq=4#metadata_info_tab_contents]]> 2019-11-29 17:36:55 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417816381 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417820203 (1) https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/ethnic-and-racial-diversity-in-the-caribbean/
(2)https://www.persee.fr/doc/jsa_0037-9174_1969_num_58_1_2103

]]> 2019-11-29 17:58:46 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417820203 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417821473 The dividing rule separated the labourers into groups to prevent rebellion. This segregation harboured resentment between the ethnic groups and races. Cultural erasure was most evident among the Africans where Chattel slavery restricted their cultural elements. As compared to Chattel slavery, Indian indentured labourers experienced most cultural retention as they were given more freedom to practice their culture. Upon emancipation, Africans had little materials to work with other than memories of their cultural past. During the colonial era, there was little acceptance of the African culture. Their only means of practice was restrained to their communities. Roman Catholicism was still being presented as the dominant Religion alongside the notion of the European Civilisation being the ideal for the country. Though attempts at conversion were no longer as drastic as with the mass conversion with the Spanish, the viewpoints of the western culture were still being forced upon them. This intolerance for African culture did prompt some individuals to convert out of compulsion in an attempt to develop an identity in a white biased island. Culture can be defined by fundamental characteristics such as artifacts, values and assumptions (Helen). Despite all of the labourers facing the similar trial while working on the plantation, there was no unity between them. When one faced a challenge, the other did not support. Considering this lack of unity, the expectation is one where an advancement in time will decrease the extent of disparity between people. Today, however that is not seen. Cultural clashes occur every day whether it be due to a festival or an argument toward which culture is better. In the professional setting, ones cultural practice may be different from another resulting in issues arising between co-workers. An article by Arnim Langer and Graham K. Brown entitled "What is Culture? a compilation of quotes" said that “differences in cultural status thus constitute a third dimension of horizontal inequalities”. Essentially, the state of one’s culture determine the level of equality they experience. This is evident in the poor communities where their socioeconomic status causes them to be regarded as inferior and as such, their culture is look down on. 

]]> 2019-11-29 18:06:05 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417821473 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417821525 This is an art piece purchased in Tobago. It is handmade and the craftsman receives little credit for his work. The popularity of this good and other similar arts pieces are of little significance to people. It reflects a fundamental aspects of the caribbean culture: artifacts.]]> 2019-11-29 18:06:26 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417821525 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417852854 The tropical climate allows for the growth of a wide variety of plants. Despite the land being plagued by such immoral actions of foreign colonisers, it continues to thrive.]]> 2019-11-29 21:41:38 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417852854 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417853195
https://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/sep/05/raceineducation.raceinschools
https://www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.426546.1c8ce3385d]]> 2019-11-29 21:45:11 UTC https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417853195 maia_valentine https://padlet.com/maia_valentine/7txxgzk9lfz4/wish/417854347 (1)https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/al/globalpad/openhouse/interculturalskills/global_pad_-_what_is_culture.pdf
(2)https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8dae/dbc5f247b7875b7736d46d4692abdff32c7f.pdf


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