(b) What is the typical age of a student enrolled in this course?

(c) What was the average grade on the test for students enrolled in this course?

3. Selection effects and small sample size are two potential problems with statistical generalizations that both make it too likely that you could have made the observation even if your hypothesis was false.
Explain that idea in detail by sketching an example of a situation where you want to find out about Canada’s attitudes towards climate change, so you poll a few people outside your office in Calgary, Alberta. 

Come up with:
(a) an example of some evidence you might get
(b) a generalization you might go on to make 

(c) explain how small sample size and selection effect in the sample can contribute to a very low strength factor. 

4. Classify the following inferences as statistical generalizations or statistical instantiations, and say whether you think the argument is strong or weak. If you think it's weak, what problem can you identify?

(a) 99.44% of teaching-assistants employed by the University of Calgary complain about filling out forms. Peter is a teaching-assistant employed by the University of Calgary. Therefore, Peter complains about filling out forms.

(b) About 45% of 1,000 students randomly selected from Calgary universities are female. Therefore, between 40% and 50% of all students in Calgary are female.

(c) About 45% of 1,000 randomly selected university students are female. Therefore, exactly 45% of all university students in Calgary are female.

(d) 90% of Canadians know less about the American political system than an average American 10-year-old. There's a Canadian student in my American politics class. I really wonder how he'll pass the course when he’s that ignorant!