Including You - Science Mind Map by Joao Portilho https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39 en-us 2023-04-14 17:09:23 UTC 2025-11-19 11:45:20 UTC hello@padlet.com Provocative Questions | Brainstorms joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2554812921 - The Big Bang started 14 billion years ago?

- Were elements made in less than a second?

- Did Big Band set motion?

- When did expansion start? 

- What is a light year?

- Galaxies were formed right after the explosion of the Big Bang?

- Math

- Were planets formed right after a few minutes from the Big Bang?

- What was the process of the explosion of the Big Bang?

- How old is the sun?

- What about neutrons?

- What about protons?

- What about electrons?

- What are quarks?

- What is one piece of evidence of the Big Bang?

- When is the Earth stopping to expand?

- Did colors already exist?]]> 2023-04-14 17:17:56 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2554812921 THE BIG BANG joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2554835713 According to ESA, most astronomers believe the Universe began in a Big Bang about 14 billion years ago. At that time, the entire Universe was inside a bubble that was thousands of times smaller than a pinhead. It was hotter and denser than anything we can imagine. Then it suddenly exploded. 

The known universe was created. The Big Bang marked the beginning of time, space, and matter. The Universe grew from being less than a single atom to being larger than a galaxy in a few seconds. And it continued to expand at an amazing rate. Even now, it is still growing.

Sources: https://www.esa.int/kids/en/learn/Our_Universe/Story_of_the_Universe/The_Big_Banghttps://www.esa.int/kids/en/learn/Our_Universe/Story_of_the_Universe/The_Big_Bang

https://www.space.com/big-bang-first-few-seconds

https://home.cern/science/physics/early-universe#:~:text=In%20the%20first%20moments%20after,which%20we%20are%20all%20made.]]> 2023-04-14 17:40:05 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2554835713 Evidences of the Big Bang joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2557134427
Another one is microwave background radiation. When the universe was created, radiation also started going everywhere in space that they had (expansion was already happening). Due to this fact, there is a type of telescope that allows us to see the waves that are running into space. Using this telescope, we can calculate to have an approximately estimative of how old the wave is.]]> 2023-04-17 15:06:56 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2557134427 QUARKS joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2557153003 Quark is what comes before everything, even before protons and neutrons. Actually, a quark is what forms protons and neutrons. To form those hadrons, you must combine quarks themselves, usually 3 of them. However, is it just combining 3 of them?

There are SIX types of quarks, which are popularly known as flavors. Those are up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top. ]]> 2023-04-17 15:18:57 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2557153003 HIGGS BOSON | HIGGS FIELD joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2557223749 The fundamental particle connected to the Higgs field—a field that supplies mass to other fundamental particles like quarks and electrons, is the Higgs boson. The amount that a particle resists changing its speed or position in response to a force depends on its mass. Not all fundamental particles have mass, like photons and gluons.]]> 2023-04-17 16:05:54 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2557223749 What about Matter after the Big Bang? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2558768388 2023-04-18 15:08:59 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2558768388 Temperature and Big Bang joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2558769933 The temperature decreased below 1 billion degrees Celsius after 3 minutes of the explosion itself. The temperature had dropped enough for the hydrogen and helium nuclei to form as the protons and neutrons were combined.

The universe had cooled to around 3000 degrees after 300,000 years. Finally, atomic nuclei could pull in electrons to create atoms. Hydrogen and helium gas clouds were everywhere in the universe.

]]> 2023-04-18 15:10:00 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2558769933 What is Protons? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2558881378 The tiniest component of an atom's nucleus is known as a proton. Atoms are the tiniest units of solids, liquids, and gases that make up everything you can touch, grasp, and feel. A separate element is formed by each of the several sorts of atoms.

However, what happens to an element when you add a proton to it?

Let's use the example of Iridium. If you collect two protons and add them to the Iridium element, you will create gold. Iridium contains 77 protons. In fact, gold is made of 79 protons, so if you attach 2 protons to the Iridium, it will become gold.


SOURCES:

https://www.twinkl.com.br/teaching-wiki/proton#:~:text=is%20a%20proton%3F-,Proton,type%20forms%20a%20different%20element.

https://www.britannica.com/science/proton-subatomic-particle

]]> 2023-04-18 16:26:26 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2558881378 HOW DO QUARKS CREATE PROTONS AND NEUTRONS? | HOW PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ARE CREATED? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2558882221 In order to create a proton, you must combine two up quarks and one down quark. Alternatively, to create a neutron, you should combine one up quark, and two down quarks.

Why does that happen?

The value of an up quark is 2/3,  and the value of a down quark is -1/3. We know that neutrons are neutral (so they are not negative nor positive) and that protons are only positive (=1). Due to this fact, those are the equations to prove why we need these exact types of quarks to calculate hadrons:

Protons = 2/3 + 2/3 + (-1/3)
Neutrons = 2/3 + (-1/3) + (-1/3)

SOURCES:


https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsquarks-and-gluons#:~:text=In%20this%20plasma%2C%20the%20density,froze%20into%20protons%20and%20neutrons.]]> 2023-04-18 16:27:07 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2558882221 What is Atomic Mass? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2559206933
Atomic mass is simply the quantity of matter contained in an atom of an element. For example, the atomic mass of the Titanium element is 47.867. This means that this element accommodates approximately 48 u.

What is a fun fact about atomic mass?

One fun fact about atomic masses of elements is that the atomic mass is always extremely near to the mass number since each proton or neutron weighs approximately 1 amu (total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus).]]> 2023-04-18 21:26:05 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2559206933 What is Electrons joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2559209893 A tiny, negatively charged particle that exists in every atom. Radiation therapy can make use of electron streams produced by specialized equipment.


]]> 2023-04-18 21:30:52 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2559209893 What is Neutrons? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2559210594 A neutron is a neutral atomic particle that, with the exception of the hydrogen nucleus, is found in all known atomic nuclei and has a mass that is almost identical to the proton.


Fun Fact about Neutrons, there is a star fully made of neutrons! When a big star runs out of fuel and collapses, neutron stars are created. The core of the star, which is its most central portion, collapses, fusing every proton and electron into a neutron.]]> 2023-04-18 21:31:59 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2559210594 Big Bang - TimeLine joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560391919 Here is the link of the TimeLine about the important events after the Big Bang.

https://padlet.com/joaoportilho26/big-bang-timeline-r1gdszlhsy4r625f]]> 2023-04-19 15:50:21 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560391919 What is an Atom made of? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560393852 An atom is simply made of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

Where each particle is located in the atom?

Protons and Neutrons are located inside the nucleus of the atom. However, the Electrum particle is located at the cloud of an atom.

SOURCE:

Thaís Boccia.]]> 2023-04-19 15:51:48 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560393852 What is an atom? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560394088 The tiniest piece of something that cannot be destroyed chemically. The center of every atom is called the nucleus, and it is made up of protons and neutrons (particles with no charge). The nucleus is filled with electrons, which are negative particles.]]> 2023-04-19 15:51:59 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560394088 What is an Element? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560394267 An element is an atom determined by the number of protons. For example, the "cobalt" element is composed of 27 protons. In fact, if you add 2 protons to the "cobalt" element, you will create copper.]]> 2023-04-19 15:52:07 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560394267 Why are Atoms so important? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560394486 Because they establish the structure of all the matter in our environment, atoms are crucial. The essential building components of any material or matter are molecules, which are created when atoms join to form them. It is impossible for molecules, elements, and stuff to exist without atoms.

Sources:

https://homework.study.com/explanation/what-are-atoms-and-why-are-they-important.html#:~:text=Atoms%20are%20important%20because%20they,and%20matter%20is%20not%20possible.]]> 2023-04-19 15:52:17 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560394486 Fun Fact About Types of Atoms joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560444072 Whenever the Atom has the same number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons, the atom is at the neutral stage.


Sources:

The Elements Game.]]> 2023-04-19 16:31:59 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560444072 joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560445073 2023-04-19 16:32:38 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2560445073 Star Nebullar joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567444607 The Stellar Nebula was created when hydrogen atoms gathered together. This Stellar Nebula is capable of producing stars of various sizes. When common stars run out of fuel, Red Giants are formed. As a result of enormous stars running out of fuel, Red Super Giants can develop. Planetary nebulas are created when Red Giants become unstable and erupt. All of the material from these nebulas is compressed together to form White Dwarfs, a compact star. The atom’sselectrons were removed as a result of gravity drawing them together closer. The mass is comparable to that of the Sun, and the volume is comparable to that of the Earth for ease of imagining.


Source:

Dr. Giorgi and Ms. Barbelli's slides.

]]> 2023-04-25 15:35:50 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567444607 RED GIANTS joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567446462 2023-04-25 15:37:07 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567446462 What does Darwin's theory of Biological evolution tell us? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567449723 Darwin's theory of Evolution tells us that all living things evolved from a single and simple reproducing creature that lived in the distant past.

Source: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgQLyqWaCbA

]]> 2023-04-25 15:39:12 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567449723 What record confirms Darwin's theory? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567450870 This idea is based on many observations, one of which is that when living things reproduce, children are often born with random new traits. Those with negative new traits are less likely to survive and reproduce, those with positive new traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits on to their children. Over multiple generations, positive traits build up allowing relatively simple life forms to evolve into complex life forms and even split into multiple different species. A careful look at the fossil record overwhelmingly confirms Darwin's theory. Life forms get simpler and simpler as we go back in time.

Source:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgQLyqWaCbA]]> 2023-04-25 15:39:57 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567450870 What does the record suggest? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567550515 The record suggests that all life on Earth emerged from primitive cellular colonies which first appeared roughly three and a half billion years ago.

]]> 2023-04-25 16:54:31 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567550515 The Big Bang Theme Song joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567561388
- Expancion started (?)
- Mass was created 
- Few Minutes
- Hot
- Dense
1- 4 billion years ago
- Elements were made in less than a second
I- t will stop to expand
- It will explode one day very far away

Sources:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzhIfN4UQv8

]]> 2023-04-25 17:02:39 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567561388 White Dwarfs joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567563127 2023-04-25 17:04:07 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567563127 How did our Solar System begin? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567576189 About 4.5 billion years ago, a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust gave rise to our solar system. The supernova shockwave from a nearby exploding star, or supernova, may have caused the cloud to collapse. This dust cloud burst into a spinning disk of material known as a solar nebula when it disintegrated.

Sources:

https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/solar-system/353789#:~:text=The%20solar%20system%20was%20formed%20about%204.7%20billion%20years%20ago,that%20it%20got%20very%20hot.

https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/the-universe/planets/formation-of-our-solar-system

]]> 2023-04-25 17:14:18 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567576189 What are MOLECULES? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567587068 Two or more atoms are securely connected to form molecules. What a molecule produces depends on the number, types, and arrangement of the atoms within it. For instance, colored carbon dioxide is created when two oxygen atoms are linked to one carbon atom to form a molecule.

Sources:

https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/molecule

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkAXO--BYEw

]]> 2023-04-25 17:22:47 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567587068 Fun Fact joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567600645  The largest known star in the universe is UY Scuti. It has an estimated radius of 1.188 billion kilometers. This star is approximately 2100 times bigger than the sun. 

How bizarre, right?

https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/science/2023/02/16/largest-star-universe-red-hypergiant/11075755002/




]]> 2023-04-25 17:33:27 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2567600645 DNAs joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2569066939 The information required to create a living being is stored in the incredibly unique molecule known as DNA. The DNA in the organism's cells determines whether it has brown hair, leaves, wings, or gills. Every living thing has the ability to convert DNA information into proteins, which are collections of amino acids. This exercise will center on how the cell decodes the information stored in DNA and uses it to create the proteins the cell need. If you look closer to a DNA, you will see that it looks like a twisting ladder.

Sources:

https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/word-dna.html?scrlybrkr=1a737040#:~:text=DNA%20is%20the%20genetic%20information,looks%20like%20a%20twisting%20ladder.

https://learn.concord.org/

]]> 2023-04-26 16:28:52 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2569066939 Twisting Ladder joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2569073834 Inside this Twisting Ladder, which actually is the DNA itself, there are 2 pairs of bonded molecules, Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine. 

In fact, the pairs of connected molecules are:

Adenine with Thymine
Guanine with Cytosine

The 2 pairs of molecules does not connect with each other.


Source: 

Dr. Giorgi and Ms. Barbelli]]> 2023-04-26 16:34:26 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2569073834 The pathway from DNA to protein: joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2575413381 The instructions required to build proteins are stored in DNA. A gene's instructions are translated into messenger RNA (mRNA), which leaves the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm. After then, a protein is produced using the information from the mRNA.

Sources: 

https://learn.concord.org/]]> 2023-05-02 15:56:47 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2575413381 What is mRNA joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2575418374 The genetic information required to produce proteins is carried by mRNA molecules. They transport the data from the DNA in the cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm, where proteins are produced. Likewise known as messenger RNA.

This whole process is called "transcription"

Sources:

https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/mrna


]]> 2023-05-02 16:00:11 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2575418374 Mutation joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2575424810 Mutation is when a nucleotide is changed, directly affecting the 3-3 amino acid path in order to create a protein.]]> 2023-05-02 16:04:57 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2575424810 What are the types of mutation that can happen? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2575427103
When one nucleotide is replaced with another, it is called a substitution mutation.
For example, changing ATCG to ATAG.

When a nucleotide is added into the sequence, it is called an insertion mutation.
For example, changing ATCG to ATGCG.

When a nucleotide is lost from the DNA sequence, it is called a deletion mutation.
For example, changing ATCG to ACG.]]> 2023-05-02 16:06:28 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2575427103 What types of mutation cause a bigger impact? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2575455588 The insertion mutation and the deletion mutation causes a bigger impact in the amino-acid. ]]> 2023-05-02 16:27:00 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2575455588 How was mRNA discovered? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2577453816 In an era of scientific enthusiasm in the summer of 1961, the announcements of the discovery of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the decoding of the genetic code occurred weeks later. Although mRNA is crucial to our comprehension of how genes function, no Nobel Prize has been given for its discovery. Simple claims of priority may not accurately reflect how science functions, as seen by the enormous number of people involved, the complexity of the findings, and the difficult process that was followed more than 50 years ago.

]]> 2023-05-04 00:35:48 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2577453816 Translation joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2577460246 When the mRNA leaves the cell nucleus and meets with tRNA, a protein is formed. That process is called translation because there is a translation between "DNA languages" to "Protein languages"]]> 2023-05-04 00:41:52 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2577460246 Gregor Mendel joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2578437126 In 1866, Gregor Mendel discovered the rules of hereditary in his garden in a monastery. He planted over 30,000 peas (during the course of eight years) and discovered that offspring inherit traits from their parents, and that certain genes appear more than others. ]]> 2023-05-04 15:11:18 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2578437126 Hereditary joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579951748 2023-05-05 19:57:27 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579951748 Allele joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579954040 Alleles are two or more forms of a gene that arise from mutation and are found at the same place in a chromosome.

Source:
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Allele ]]> 2023-05-05 20:01:17 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579954040 Dominant & Recessive joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579954823 Dominant are "stronger" alleles, that show their effect even if there is only one copy. In turn, recessive genes are "weaker" and can only be observed if there are two copies (no dominant alleles). 


Source:

Dr. Giorgi and Ms. Barbelli]]> 2023-05-05 20:02:37 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579954823 Heterozygous & Homozygous joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579955678 Heterozygous - when there are two different alleles.
Homozygous - when there are two of the same allele. 

Source:

Dr. Giorgi and Ms. Barbelli


]]> 2023-05-05 20:04:14 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579955678 Phenotype & Genotype joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579957209 Genotype is the set of characteristics that an individual carries. In comparison, the phenotype is the observable characteristic. 

Source:

Dr. Giorgi and Ms. Barbelli]]> 2023-05-05 20:06:53 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579957209 Melanin joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579961051 Melanin is what protects us from the sun. In other words, it is a natural sun protector.

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Dr. Giorgi and Ms. Barbelli]]> 2023-05-05 20:13:54 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2579961051 How does Melanin connects to DNA and mRNA? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586350647 Melanin is actually a protein!! Due to this fact, in order for to melanin be created, it must pass through the whole transcription and amino acid processes. 

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Dr. Giorgi and Ms. Barbelli]]> 2023-05-11 01:59:20 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586350647 Gametes joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586369683 Feminine people typically have two X chromosomes (XX), while male people typically have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). There are, however, several exceptions to this rule. Women inherit one X chromosome from their father and the other X chromosome from their mother when they are born. Men who are genetically male always receive their mother's X chromosome. Additionally, it is believed that their Y chromosomes develop from X chromosomes through a process of degeneration and gene loss. 


Sources:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921885/#:~:text=Classically%20Y%20chromosomes%20are%20thought,in%20an%20informative%20phylogenetic%20context.

https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/X-Chromosome-facts#:~:text=Typically%2C%20biologically%20female%20individuals%20have,X%20chromosome%20from%20their%20mother.]]> 2023-05-11 02:13:41 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586369683 joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586375726 2023-05-11 02:17:48 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586375726 Genes joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586381302 Genes are short pieces of DNA that carry specific genetic information.

Sources:

Dr. Giorgi and Ms. Barbelli
]]> 2023-05-11 02:21:20 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586381302 If my mom has brown eyes, but my dad has green eyes, what color would my eye be? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586400009 Brown is always dominant over green, so we can say that brown is dominant, and green is recessive.

]]> 2023-05-11 02:34:53 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586400009 How can I represent that to know the chances of having green or brown eyes? joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586403676 This Punnet Square shows the chances of you having brown or green eyes. It contains a 4:1 ration, meaning that you have 75% chance of having a brown eyes, and 25% chance of having green eyes.]]> 2023-05-11 02:37:41 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2586403676 joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2587530661 This table proves us that the chances of a couple having a boy child, or a girl child is 50% vs 50%]]> 2023-05-11 17:09:36 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2587530661 Zygote joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2587546574 When the male gamete combines with the female gamete]]> 2023-05-11 17:21:38 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2587546574 Diversity & Science joao_portilho26_1 https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2587639455 Diversity is actually really present at the bottom of science's heart. Diversity inside science is found in DNA because DNA is different in every human being. Therefore, the root of diversity can be traced back to our genetics. ]]> 2023-05-11 18:33:38 UTC https://padlet.com/joao_portilho26_1/7trf1act6k4lvh39/wish/2587639455