20th Century by Saskia https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b en-us 2016-04-30 12:52:35 UTC 2023-05-09 13:01:37 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padletuploads.blob.core.windows.net/aws/95775018/249dd35e29f3ac62ffa66f0cf22c5bb076ce0655/a8325ed9b631988e2e325ed8b1d88450.jpg 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590171 Standardisation happened a long time ago, so don't comment on it]]> 2016-04-30 12:56:17 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590171 A02 - CONCEPTS AND THEORIES 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590193 2016-04-30 12:56:43 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590193 AO1 - LANGUAGE FEATURES 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590204 2016-04-30 12:57:00 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590204 AO3 - CONTEXT AND GAP 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590210 2016-04-30 12:57:12 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590210 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590234 Acknowledge that there's not much internal change to comment on (Romaine, 1998)]]> 2016-04-30 12:57:45 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590234 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590254 Americanisms due to film and popular culture:
- Radio
- I was like...
- Sick (ill)]]> 2016-04-30 12:58:28 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590254 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590319 War:
- Blitz (German)
- Apartheid (Afrikaans)
- Bikini (Marshall Islands)]]> 2016-04-30 12:59:44 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590319 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590353 Terms for popular culture:
- Paparrazi (Italian)
- Karaoke (Japanese)]]> 2016-04-30 13:00:03 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590353 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590886 OED records about 185,000 new words, and new meanings of old words, that entered the language between 1900 and 1999]]> 2016-04-30 13:11:46 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590886 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590888 Terms to describe aviation and automobiles, e.g. limousine, plane, accelerator]]> 2016-04-30 13:11:55 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590888 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590896 Rise of the blend: motel, infotainment
Rise of the acronym: PIN]]> 2016-04-30 13:12:06 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590896 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590905 During the 1990s, the intensifier ‘so’ started occurring before ‘not’, e.g. I’m so not prepared for this exam]]> 2016-04-30 13:12:23 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590905 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590932 Rosewarne (1980s) coined the term Estuary English to describe the infiltration of East London working class speech into the utterances of middle-upper class speakers ]]> 2016-04-30 13:13:04 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590932 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590947 Brand names utilise quasi-phonetic spellings to suggest vitality and modernity, panache and puerility]]> 2016-04-30 13:13:27 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590947 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590972 2016-04-30 13:14:02 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590972 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590975 Compounding: decline of the hyphen]]> 2016-04-30 13:14:09 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590975 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590981 Cultural diffusion, particularly via mass marketing and mass media, has facilitated the spread of novel linguistic features]]> 2016-04-30 13:14:36 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590981 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590989 Mass literacy and a largely centralised broadcasting service levelled out certain regional linguistic differences]]> 2016-04-30 13:14:47 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590989 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590996 The 1970s saw the rise of political correctness, a movement attempting to expunge words which reflect a discriminatory attitude towards a particular demographic 

Attempts to limit offence, prejudice and discrimination to oppressed/marginalised demographics by neutralising language ]]> 2016-04-30 13:14:55 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108590996 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591000 Obfuscation and euphemism, e.g. weapon as asset]]> 2016-04-30 13:15:02 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591000 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591006 The rise of socialism has led to a less deferential society, as did the relatively egalitarian and meritocratic system of the World Wars]]> 2016-04-30 13:15:13 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591006 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591022 In the 1960s, grammar schools began accepting working class children on scholarships]]> 2016-04-30 13:15:34 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591022 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591027 New universities were built and accepted young people from working class homes]]> 2016-04-30 13:15:45 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591027 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591034 Patriotic national pride due to having won the war]]> 2016-04-30 13:16:02 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591034 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591041 The welfare state developed after WWII, with the National Health Service Act passed in 1948]]> 2016-04-30 13:16:13 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591041 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591056 Prescriptivism prevailed, with continued fear that English was in a state of decline]]> 2016-04-30 13:16:35 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591056 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591061 In 1913, the Society for Pure English was founded to try and preserve Standard English]]> 2016-04-30 13:16:51 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591061 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591087 Fowler’s Dictionary of Modern English Usage provided a guide for usage  (1926)]]> 2016-04-30 13:17:07 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591087 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591120 1944 Education Act introduced free and universal secondary education, and also raised the school leaving age to 15]]> 2016-04-30 13:17:47 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591120 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591126 1988 Education Reform Act introduced the National Curriculum, key stages, league tables and OFSTED ]]> 2016-04-30 13:18:02 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591126 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591136 Kingman (1989) was concerned that teachers should be taught about English to enable them to teach it better]]> 2016-04-30 13:18:18 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591136 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591172 gender-marked terms]]> 2016-04-30 13:19:32 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591172 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591204 gender-neutral language]]> 2016-04-30 13:20:05 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591204 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591225 generic masculine]]> 2016-04-30 13:20:25 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591225 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591242 chairperson]]> 2016-04-30 13:20:39 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591242 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591250 Ms]]> 2016-04-30 13:20:48 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591250 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591261 hearing impaired ]]> 2016-04-30 13:21:03 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591261 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591292 At the dawn of the 20th century, English was a homogenous language. By the end of the century, there were many Englishes]]> 2016-04-30 13:21:51 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591292 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591307 In 1978, Robert Burchfield (editor of OED) predicted that, within a few centuries, BrE and AmE would be mutually incomprehensible ]]> 2016-04-30 13:22:10 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591307 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591421 1922: BBC is founded]]> 2016-04-30 13:24:05 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591421 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591434 1928: OED published]]> 2016-04-30 13:24:21 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591434 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591470 1962: Advertising Standards Authority founded]]> 2016-04-30 13:24:55 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108591470 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108599524 1990s: Internet and texting take off, creating mixed-modes of communication]]> 2016-04-30 16:45:10 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108599524 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108599743 Various cultures, accents, languages, classes and dialects were thrown together during WW1, thus introducing new words to the English lexicon such as bloke, snapshot, cushy and binge-drink. Others included lousy, scrounging and souvenir. These words were mostly slang, although some were technical, e.g. rearmament. ]]> 2016-04-30 16:50:40 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108599743 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600037 Post-WWI entertainment and popular culture gave rise to 'flapper' and 'charleston']]> 2016-04-30 16:57:43 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600037 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600091 Women were expected to marry men for their social standing and wealth, hence the term 'gold-digger']]> 2016-04-30 16:58:53 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600091 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600115 People began to obsess over their appearance, giving us:
- beauty salon
- face-lift
- zipper]]> 2016-04-30 16:59:26 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600115 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600161 Era of increasing sexual freedom gave us:
- Sex
- Sex appeal
- Heterosexual
- Lesbian
- Fag, pansy and queer]]> 2016-04-30 17:00:11 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600161 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600261 Economic slump during the 20s introduced:
- recession
- redundant
- organised crime]]> 2016-04-30 17:02:16 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600261 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600303 Political turbulence during the 20s also brought:
- facism
- National Socialism (Nazi)
- totalitarian ]]> 2016-04-30 17:03:02 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600303 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600340 Technological advancements gave rise to:
20s
- Proton
- Insulin
- Oestrogen
- Programme
- Commentate 
30s
- Nylon
- Dual carriageway
- Nuclear fission
- DNA
- Turing machine]]> 2016-04-30 17:03:52 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600340 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600397 chunnel = channel tunnel]]> 2016-04-30 17:05:00 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600397 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600421 2016-04-30 17:05:25 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600421 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600437 motel = motorway hotel]]> 2016-04-30 17:05:35 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600437 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600468 tigon = tiger-lioness hybrid]]> 2016-04-30 17:06:16 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600468 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600522 1929: Wall Street Crash]]> 2016-04-30 17:07:16 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600522 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600550 WW2:
- Brownshirts 
- Swastika 
- Gestapo
- Fuhrer 
- Anderson shelter
- Blitz(krieg)
- Evacuee
- Secret weapon
- Doodlebug
- Paratroops
- Turbojet
- 'Make do and mend']]> 2016-04-30 17:07:56 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600550 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600728 People amused themselves with new technology during WW2, namely:
- Jukebox
- Soap operas (USA)
- Striptease
- News theatres
- Jitterbug
- Jive 
- Disc jockey (DJ)]]> 2016-04-30 17:12:28 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600728 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600799 Immigrants fleeing Mussolini in the 30s brought pizza, pasta and spam]]> 2016-04-30 17:14:11 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108600799 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601107 Technological developments in the 70s brought:
- Internet
- Floppy
- Hard drive
- Recycling]]> 2016-04-30 17:21:09 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601107 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601152 Margaret Thatcher became the first female prime minister in 1975]]> 2016-04-30 17:22:39 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601152 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601273 1947-1991: Cold War, conflict between capitalism and communism]]> 2016-04-30 17:25:52 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601273 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601412 During the 70s, 'The Man' was used to mean anyone in authority. Feminists weren't happy! ]]> 2016-04-30 17:29:01 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601412 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601494 Punk rock was big in the 70s, and the label for the genre was first applied in 1971]]> 2016-04-30 17:30:30 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601494 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601573 1985: Microsoft released 'Windows']]> 2016-04-30 17:32:00 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601573 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601599 1980s was characterised by financial growth and consumerism, with a continuing gap between the rich and the poor. Shopping was a leisure activity, hence the spread of BOGOF: buy one get one free. There was huge emphasis on 'designer' labels]]> 2016-04-30 17:32:36 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601599 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601669 1989: Golden age of hip-hop]]> 2016-04-30 17:34:06 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601669 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601802 'yuppies' were high-flying, wealthy and powerful 25-30 year olds]]> 2016-04-30 17:36:26 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601802 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601852 Liberal Democrats were formed in 1988]]> 2016-04-30 17:37:51 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601852 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601899 Environmental concern grew in the 80s, bringing us:
- biodiversity
- eco-friendly
- carbon tax
- wind farms]]> 2016-04-30 17:38:45 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108601899 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108604454 Crystal (2001): “dialogic character of e-messaging” because it is synchronous ]]> 2016-04-30 18:52:25 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108604454 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108604483 Goodman (1996): increased informalisation]]> 2016-04-30 18:53:21 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108604483 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108604500 Shortis (2001): Computer technology operates in “a virtual environment of extended imagery” ]]> 2016-04-30 18:53:39 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108604500 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108604536 1998: Data Protection Act]]> 2016-04-30 18:54:27 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108604536 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108604574 Technology and language: 
- Synchronous/commenting invites dialogue
- Hyperlinks
- Mass/niche audience
- Direct address
- Netiqutte, e.g. capitals = shouting
- Radio used to be monologic and asynchronous, but now invites interaction
- Personal, spatial and temporal deixis
- Accent stylisation, e.g. wivout
- non-conventional spellings
- misspellings
- homophonic, single-grapheme abbreviation
- homophonic representation
- aphesis/abbreviation
- alphanumeric ellipsis ]]> 2016-04-30 18:55:03 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/108604574 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114411057 2016-06-12 13:53:26 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114411057 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114411387 2016-06-12 14:01:25 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114411387 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114411779 2016-06-12 14:14:59 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114411779 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114411790 2016-06-12 14:15:26 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114411790 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114412957 2016-06-12 14:49:09 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114412957 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114413365 2016-06-12 15:01:11 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114413365 406281 https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114413543 2016-06-12 15:07:23 UTC https://padlet.com/406281/7t2adcpi5i4b/wish/114413543