Infection of lung tissue 

Air sacs in lungs become filled with microorganisms , fluid and inflammatory cells and their lungs dont function properly

(NICE, 2023)

Aspiration pneumonia

Chemical pneumonia

Community acquired

Bacterial pneumonia

Viral pneumonia

Walking pneumonia

Fungal

Hospital required

Bacteria 

Viruses 

Fungi 

Age 

Environments 

Lifestyle 

Other medical conditions 

Pregnancy, HIV, chemotherapy 

Lung diseases 

In a population of nursing homes residents where levels of physical functioning were already low, pneumonia events were associated with loss of physical functioning  (Brown et al., 2021).

Long-term bed rest may weaken muscle strength and joint function  (Brown et al., 2021).

Physical activity levels decreased from baseline immediately following the pneumonia episode and returned to baseline after 6 months  (Brown et al., 2021).

Older adults with pneumonia may experience a sudden change in mental state, loss of appetite, and fatigue   (Brown et al., 2021).

Symptoms for community acquired pneumonia may include; 

Shortness of breath

Coughing 

Heavy sputum

Fever and child 

Chest pain that gets worse when you breathe or cough

Abdomen pain with nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea 

effective discharge includes planning, estimating, streamlining and discussion with team (Ontario Health Quality, n.d)

process should have referrals, discharge documentation, and patient involvement (Health Strategy Implementation Project, 2003)

assessment of client

planning information relevant to transition

implementation of education and prevention

evaluation of discharge plan

(Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, 2014)

help the body recover at home (American Lung Association, 2020)

health education on pneumonia (how to avoid infections) (American Lung Association, 2020)

health services offered (American Lung Association, 2020)

Vaccines.

providing grants and funding to programs (Government of Canada, n.d.).

Implementing guidelines.

Reinforce the distribution of Vaccines (Pfizer, 2023)

Using and implement guidelines

collecting data on amount of immunizations and cases of pneumonia are present in the province.

Providing educational opportunities (Public Health of Ontario, 2013).

Look for warning signs of those most at risk (homeless people, older adults).

they provide information to the community.

they also offer assistance of prevention and recovery (Pickstock, 2019).

Bacteria, an infection that starts in the lungs and can spread to other organ (Henig & Kaye, 2017).

one of the leading causes of death for older adults (Henig & Kaye, 2017).

Acute respiratory distress syndrome, which can lead to respiratory failure (Henig & Kaye, 2017).

Organ damage from a lack of oxygen circulating throughout the body, in conjunction with pre-existing conditions (Henig & Kaye, 2017)

Urinary tract infection, as bacteria from the lungs can gather int he kidneys, bladder, or urethra (Henig & Kaye, 2017).

Carry out risk assessment using CRB65 (NICE, 2023).

Should assess vaccination status at time of hospital admission (NICE, 2023).

respiratory hygiene measures (NICE, 2023).

Assess vital signs prior to discharge (NICE, 2023).

Explain prognosis of CAP (NICE, 2023).

( Health care team--microbiological tests, antimicrobial treatment, glucocorticoid treatment, empirical antimicrobial therapy) (NICE, 2023).

History of : Fever, chills, sweating, shivering, chest pain, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia 

General : altered mental status (especially older patients), fever (38.1<)

Cyanosis, tachypnea, tachycardia 

Respiratory splinting, palpable fremitus, dullness to percussion, bronchial breath sounds

(Clinical Key, 2024)

Self-care

Adherence to medication

Follow through with follow-up appointment