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      <title>Traumatised Survivors of the Genocide by Sarah Sayer</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f</link>
      <description></description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2017-03-12 21:18:09 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2018-03-22 23:07:35 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>&quot;They were not killed during the genocide, but they are now dying of AIDS, so in essence it was a suspended death sentence.&quot; — Ms. Binaifer Nowrojee, researcher with Human Rights Watch, at a press conference on women living with HIV/AIDS from sexual violence during the Rwandan genocide</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/159533504</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-03-12 21:39:41 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279591</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3620568/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3620568/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3620568/</a> <br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:01:44 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279680</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/04/trauma-still-fresh-rwandas-survivors-genocidal-rape/" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:02:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279680</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279712</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3620568/" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:03:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279712</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-1505-7-6</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279764</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In the aftermath of 1994, genocide survivors showed high rates of mental health and psychosocial problems due to the inconceivable, dehumanized brutality that the majority of them had been exposed or witness to. Entire family systems as well as the general social fabric that formerly provided support were destroyed due to losses of family members and growing mistrust and fear following the genocide.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:03:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279764</guid>
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         <title>%</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279820</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244</a><br><br>It was found that 57.5% of the respondents had lost one or more family member during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. In this sample, 72.5% reported being traumatized, and of these, 37.5% extremely traumatized. Fifty percent reported having sleeping problems often, and of these, 22.5% very often. Seventy-five percent reported having bad dreams at least sometimes, 30% of these often, and 20% very often. Thirty percent of women and 5% of men reported having been raped. Of these, 15% of the women became pregnant due to the rape, and 10% were contaminated with HIV/AIDS. Ten percent of the respondents were born as a result of rape. Although 50% reported living peacefully with other Rwandans, 35% considered reconciliation difficult or extremely difficult. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:04:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279820</guid>
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         <title>Survivor</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279825</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Jean-Louis Mazimpaka<br> survivor of the Rwandan genocide, photographed at his home in West Drayton, London. Photograph: Ivor Prickett . <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jul/18/survived-rwanda-genocide">https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jul/18/survived-rwanda-genocide</a><figure class="attachment attachment--preview"><img src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Lifeandhealth/Pix/pictures/2009/7/17/1247824835935/Jean-Louis-Mazimpaka-002.jpg?w=300&amp;q=55&amp;auto=format&amp;usm=12&amp;fit=max&amp;s=50bcfacc5a8ae87c2fbc4a241a15f940" width="300" height="180"><figcaption class="attachment__caption"></figcaption></figure></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:04:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279825</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279865</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/dissociative-identity-disorder/ptsd-survivors-rwandas-1994-war" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:04:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279865</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-1505-7-6</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279878</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A great majority of the survivors were female and woman-headed households proved to be especially vulnerable, suffering from the effects of economic deprivation, which included a lack of food, housing and money for the education of their children. Apart from general population samples, studies analyzing the mental health situation in Rwanda following the genocide have mainly focused on groups of widows and orphans or children living in child-headed households. An elevated level of depressive and anxious symptoms as well as PTSD was found in each of these groups</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:04:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279878</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSZ5XcQ8stM</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279944</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:05:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279944</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279950</link>
         <description><![CDATA[￼]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:05:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279950</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279969</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:05:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243279969</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280021</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.rwandanstories.org/aftermath/a_wasteland.html" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:06:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280021</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Rwandan Genocide survivor recalls horror </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280128</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rwandan-genocide-survivor-recalls-horror/">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rwandan-genocide-survivor-recalls-horror</a><br>She says she was terrified the entire time she was cooped up in the tiny space. They all expected to be killed, eventually. One said she just hoped she'd be shot and not tortured; another made the pastor promise to put dirt on her corpse so dogs wouldn't eat her.<br><br></div><div>And what did the women have to eat? Not much.<br><br></div><div>"I remember sometimes we used to eat just like, beans. And there was this little insect that came out of the beans. And he brought it. It was 'Jesus, well how am I going to eat it.'"<br><br></div><div>But after a while, she managed to eat, by closing her eyes. Still, Immaculee said she lost 40 pounds - one third of herself disappeared during her three months hidden in the bathroom.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:07:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280128</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280267</link>
         <description><![CDATA[With some friends I managed to hide in a building that housed a herd of cows. I didn't know whether my parents were dead or alive, but there was no time to look for them and no time to think about it. We had to concentrate on hiding. We stayed hidden while the militia stole the cows. When they were gone, we decided to swim across Lake Kivu.

There were 12 of us - the other 11 drowned. I couldn't think about it, I had to keep swimming. After two nights I reached the other side. A fisherman gave me food and I went to find my uncle who lived there.

A year later, I went back to Rwanda. I was traumatised. I didn't want to go back to school, but a priest convinced me to. After school, I got a job but I wanted to leave. I had two cousins who survived, but everyone else was gone. I couldn't take the loneliness any longer, so in 1999 I came to the UK.

I met my wife, another survivor, through friends. We got married in 2005 and now have a daughter. It's hard for survivors to speak about what happened, and my wife doesn't like to talk about it to strangers. But it helps me, because I am doing something to continue the memory of what happened. I speak to groups about it through the charity Survivors Fund. People are shocked that it happened, that they didn't know. It is exhausting, but that is what we have left, the story of our loved ones.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:08:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280267</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>rape</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280276</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Hundreds of thousands of women were raped, including nearly every survivor over the age of 12. For the first time, rape was listed as an official act of genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR).<br>- <a href="https://borgenproject.org/5-rwandan-genocide-facts/">https://borgenproject.org/5-rwandan-genocide-facts/</a> </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:08:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280276</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280287</link>
         <description><![CDATA[With some friends I managed to hide in a building that housed a herd of cows. I didn't know whether my parents were dead or alive, but there was no time to look for them and no time to think about it. We had to concentrate on hiding. We stayed hidden while the militia stole the cows. When they were gone, we decided to swim across Lake Kivu.

There were 12 of us - the other 11 drowned. I couldn't think about it, I had to keep swimming. After two nights I reached the other side. A fisherman gave me food and I went to find my uncle who lived there.

A year later, I went back to Rwanda. I was traumatised. I didn't want to go back to school, but a priest convinced me to. After school, I got a job but I wanted to leave. I had two cousins who survived, but everyone else was gone. I couldn't take the loneliness any longer, so in 1999 I came to the UK.

I met my wife, another survivor, through friends. We got married in 2005 and now have a daughter. It's hard for survivors to speak about what happened, and my wife doesn't like to talk about it to strangers. But it helps me, because I am doing something to continue the memory of what happened. I speak to groups about it through the charity Survivors Fund. People are shocked that it happened, that they didn't know. It is exhausting, but that is what we have left, the story of our loved ones.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:08:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280287</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280299</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Whole swathes of the population are unable to find peace. Constantly on their guard, survivors react to the slightest sound that might recall the genocide. The mere sound of children whistling can sometimes be enough to bring back the terrible memory of the extremist Hutu militias.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/mental-anguish_scars-of-the-rwandan-genocide-remain-open/35395368" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:08:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280299</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>With some friends I managed to hide in a building that housed a herd of cows. I didn&#39;t know whether my parents were dead or alive, but there was no time to look for them and no time to think about it. We had to concentrate on hiding. We stayed hidden while the militia stole the cows. When they were gone, we decided to swim across Lake Kivu.There were 12 of us - the other 11 drowned. I couldn&#39;t think about it, I had to keep swimming. After two nights I reached the other side. A fisherman gave me food and I went to find my uncle who lived there.A year later, I went back to Rwanda. I was traumatised. I didn&#39;t want to go back to school, but a priest convinced me to. After school, I got a job but I wanted to leave. I had two cousins who survived, but everyone else was gone. I couldn&#39;t take the loneliness any longer, so in 1999 I came to the UK.I met my wife, another survivor, through friends. We got married in 2005 and now have a daughter. It&#39;s hard for survivors to speak about what happened, and my wife doesn&#39;t like to talk about it to strangers. But it helps me, because I am doing something to continue the memory of what happened. I speak to groups about it through the charity Survivors Fund. People are shocked that it happened, that they didn&#39;t know. It is exhausting, but that is what we have left, the story of our loved ones.</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280305</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jul/18/survived-rwanda-genocide">https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jul/18/survived-rwanda-genocide</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:08:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280305</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280391</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="http://www.dw.com/en/rwandan-genocide-survivor-tells-of-three-months-in-mortal-fear/a-17549630">http://www.dw.com/en/rwandan-genocide-survivor-tells-of-three-months-in-mortal-fear/a-17549630</a><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:09:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280391</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Rwandan rape victim</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280451</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><figure class="attachment attachment--preview" data-trix-attachment="{&quot;contentType&quot;:&quot;image&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:377,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/cms/binary/9674042.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:619}" data-trix-content-type="image"><img src="http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/cms/binary/9674042.jpg" width="619" height="377"><figcaption class="attachment__caption"></figcaption></figure></div><div><a href="https://www.google.co.nz/search?rlz=1CAHPZQ_enNZ786NZ788&amp;biw=1366&amp;bih=629&amp;tbm=isch&amp;sa=1&amp;ei=2P6uWoT3BoHd8QX3qI_gCw&amp;q=traumatised+rwanda+genocide+raped+girls&amp;oq=traumatised+rwanda+genocide+raped+girls&amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3...177939.181520.0.181858.12.11.0.0.0.0.429.1539.2-3j0j2.5.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..7.0.0....0.C6XMgfopopQ&amp;safe=active&amp;ssui=on#imgrc=hcbs8okiS6qqvM:">https://www.google.co.nz/search?rlz=1CAHPZQ_enNZ786NZ788&amp;biw=1366&amp;bih=629&amp;tbm=isch&amp;sa=1&amp;ei=2P6uWoT3BoHd8QX3qI_gCw&amp;q=traumatised+rwanda+genocide+raped+girls&amp;oq=traumatised+rwanda+genocide+raped+girls&amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3...177939.181520.0.181858.12.11.0.0.0.0.429.1539.2-3j0j2.5.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..7.0.0....0.C6XMgfopopQ&amp;safe=active&amp;ssui=on#imgrc=hcbs8okiS6qqvM:</a></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:09:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280451</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280550</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>During the 1994 conflict in Rwanda, rape occurred on a massive scale to annihilate the ethnic Tutsi; an estimated between 250,000 and 500,000 women were raped. According to the United Nations Special Reporters of the Commission on Human Rights in Rwanda, women and girls were systematically subjected to rape; some were killed or seriously injured by having arrows, spears or other objects pushed into their vaginas, or by being shot in the genitals. In addition, many Tutsi women were given as rewards to Hutu men who had excelled at killing Tutsi, and many were forced to submit to sex in exchange for temporary security, particularly at roadblocks. Many of them were subjected to the worst public humiliation, mutilated, and raped several times, often in public, in the Bureau Communal premises or in other public places, and often by more than one assailant. </div><div><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244</a></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:10:44 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280607</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>"Marita Mukashema was 11 years old during the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi. She recalls that it was a time of panic and horror and the sound of gunshots everywhere made the situation appear like the world was coming to an end. It was a time many died as they tried to flee from the marauding Interahamwe."</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/210429/" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:11:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280607</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280670</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:11:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280670</guid>
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         <title>http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/testimonies/pdf/59%20-%20Adeline%202009.pdf  </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280802</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This is the testimony of Adeline, a survivor of the Rwandan genocide<br>I am the only survivor of my family. I was only 19 years old when the genocide took&nbsp;<br>place. My parents, three sisters and two brothers were killed in Gitarama on the 14th<br>April.&nbsp; When the killing began, my family escaped in many different directions. My two brothers&nbsp;<br>and younger sister, then aged 14, escaped to Butare. Along the way my other sister<br>and I separated from my brothers, managing to hide in a trench.&nbsp;<br>On 16th April we were discovered by some local villagers, who had joined with the<br>interahamwe. We pleaded with them to leave us alone. We were extremely lucky,&nbsp;<br>because they did just that. At around 2.00pm, still on the 16th, we naively believed that&nbsp;<br>the situation must have improved. We came out of the trenches.&nbsp;<br>The killers mocked us saying: “Aha, it is the girls. Let’s go and ‘liberate’ them. We must&nbsp;<br>give them something to celebrate.” They took us and another girl who was carrying a&nbsp;<br>baby, to a nearby hill. We passed a roadblock where we saw that people were being&nbsp;<br>killed. Right in front of us people were forced to squat on the floor and were then&nbsp;<br>macheted or killed with a masu. A big truck was on standby where the bodies were&nbsp;<br>piled on and taken away.&nbsp;<br>When they were tired of killing, the men came to us and ordered us to take off our<br>clothes. They each in turn raped us. One man pleaded with the others to leave my 14<br>years old sister alone, saying she was only a kid. The other men laughed and said, that&nbsp;<br>we were all going to be killed anyway. That we would have to chose between rape or a&nbsp;<br>cruel death. They raped my 14­year­old sister. I stopped feeling my pain. I wanted to<br>protect her, but I couldn’t. After raping us they gave us food to eat by the roadside.&nbsp;<br>Many people were being captured by villagers and brought to the roadblock. Soon there&nbsp;<br>were so many women kept aside for rape. This went on two weeks. My sister and I met&nbsp;<br>many women, some were raped and killed, others were macheted and lay in agony for<br>days before eventually dying. Others were piled on lorries with the dead, even though&nbsp;<br>they were still breathing.&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:13:10 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243280982</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>testimony of a survivor of the  Rwandan Genocide.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/testimonies/pdf/84%20-%20Albertine2009.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:13:51 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281144</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>According to the United Nations' (UN) <em>Lessons from Rwanda</em>, some 100,000-250,000 women were raped in the genocide. This sexual violence brought devastation to Rwanda on the large and small scales in the form of increased national HIV transmission as well as in the physical and psychological trauma suffered by the individual women and their families.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.soschildrensvillages.ca/17-years-later-rwandan-children-feel-effects-genocide" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:15:16 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>sad </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281216</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:16:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281216</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281224</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/dissociative-identity-disorder/ptsd-survivors-rwandas-1994-war">http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/dissociative-identity-disorder/ptsd-survivors-rwandas-1994-war</a> <br><br>In May 1997, a young Rwandan girl came to a clinic in Kigali reporting nausea and the feeling of insects crawling on her face. She complained of the strong smell of feces and grew increasingly agitated and fearful, describing vivid images of people trying to kill her at that moment. For months she had vomited at the sight of avocados, and for three years she had been unable to tolerate the sight of rice.<br><br></div><div>During the evaluation, she related that her parents and siblings had been murdered in the spring of 1994 and that she had been severely wounded. The perpetrators, thinking she was dead, had thrown her into an open public toilet, where she lay for one week among feces and maggots-white maggots resembling bloated grains of rice-feeding on the avocados that fell on her from a tree above the toilet.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:16:09 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Aftermath</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281231</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In the aftermath of 1994, genocide survivors showed <strong>high rates of mental health and psychosocial problems </strong>due to the inconceivable, dehumanized brutality that the majority of them had been exposed or witness to. Entire family systems as well as the general social fabric that formerly provided support were destroyed due to losses of family members and growing mistrust and fear following the genocide. A great majority of the <strong>survivors </strong>were <strong>female</strong> and <strong>woman-headed households</strong> proved to be especially vulnerable, suffering from the effects of economic deprivation, which included a lack of food, housing and money for the education of their children. (basic needs) <br><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3620568/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3620568/</a>&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:16:15 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281253</link>
         <description><![CDATA[
had to leave my sister behind. I was distraught.]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:16:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281253</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281258</link>
         <description><![CDATA[
had to leave my sister behind. I was distraught.]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:16:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281258</guid>
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         <title>LoL</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281260</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>1.2. Suffering due to the genocide and its aftermath<br></strong><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244"><strong>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244</strong></a></div><div><br>Although suffering is experienced by the individual, it is in this particular context based on an interplay between perpetrator and victim. It is therefore to a large extent a social experience (Kleinman, Veena, &amp; Margaret, <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244#">1997</a>Kleinman, A., Veena, D., &amp; Margaret, L.(1997). <em>Introduction: Social suffering</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=A.+Kleinman&amp;author=D.+Veena&amp;author=L.+Margaret&amp;title=Introduction%3A+Social+suffering&amp;">[Google Scholar]</a>, p. ix; Wilkinson, <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244#">2005</a>Wilkinson, I. (2005). <em>Suffering: A sociological introduction</em>. Cambridge: Polity Press. <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=I.+Wilkinson&amp;title=Suffering%3A+A+sociological+introduction&amp;">[Google Scholar]</a>, p. 80). Many years after the Rwandan tragedy, reconciliation among Rwandan people, both in Rwanda and abroad, is still a big challenge, since many Rwandans are burning with anger, hatred, deep frustration, and dashed hopes (Nowrojee, <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2017.1333244#">2005</a>Nowrojee, B. (2005). <em>Your justice is too slow: Will the ICTR fail Rwanda’s rape victims</em> (Occasional Paper 10). Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=B.+Nowrojee&amp;title=Your+justice+is+too+slow%3A+Will+the+ICTR+fail+Rwanda%E2%80%99s+rape+victims&amp;">[Google Scholar]</a>, pp. 2−4).<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:16:34 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281611</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><figure class="attachment attachment--preview"><img src="http://www.newtimes.co.rw/files/photos/1365893728Elie.jpg" width="350" height="250"><figcaption class="attachment__caption"></figcaption></figure></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:19:31 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Umuhoza, 43 is infected with HIV and has not yet told her son the origins of his birth.“I have not being able to disclose to my son how he was born. My son doesn’t know. I got married in September 1994, after the genocide ended.“I was pregnant when I married and after giving birth my husband realised the child born was not his. He didn’t accept this and as a result he left home,” she told IPS.Umuhoza never remarried. Rape is a taboo subject in Rwanda’s society.</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281809</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/04/trauma-still-fresh-rwandas-survivors-genocidal-rape/">http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/04/trauma-still-fresh-rwandas-survivors-genocidal-rape/</a></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:20:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281809</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281844</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FI2S3YVWXMU">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FI2S3YVWXMU</a><br><br></div><h1>Aurea Mukakalisa talks about her experiences during the genocide. She was widowed and was raped which is how she was infected with HIV/AIDs.</h1><h1>&nbsp;</h1>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:20:47 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281998</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In Rwanda, psychologists found that in 2015, several youth in the age range of 15-35 suffered Genocide trauma, meaning that those who are 35, were only aged 14 during the Genocide, while those aged 15 were not born yet then but suffer through hereditary and environmental factors.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/199248/" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:21:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243281998</guid>
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         <title>Testimony of Rape - Adeline 2009</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243282174</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The&nbsp;killers&nbsp;mocked&nbsp;us&nbsp;saying:&nbsp;“Aha,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;girls.&nbsp;Let’s&nbsp;go and&nbsp;‘liberate’&nbsp;them.&nbsp;We&nbsp;must&nbsp;<br>give&nbsp;them&nbsp;something&nbsp;to&nbsp;celebrate.” They&nbsp;took&nbsp;us&nbsp;and&nbsp;another&nbsp;girl&nbsp;who&nbsp;was&nbsp;carrying&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br>baby,&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;nearby&nbsp;hill.&nbsp;We&nbsp;passed&nbsp;a&nbsp;roadblock&nbsp;where&nbsp;we&nbsp;saw&nbsp;that&nbsp;people&nbsp;were&nbsp;being&nbsp;<br>killed.&nbsp;Right&nbsp;in&nbsp;front&nbsp;of&nbsp;us&nbsp;people&nbsp;were&nbsp;forced&nbsp;to&nbsp;squat&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;floor&nbsp;and&nbsp;were&nbsp;then&nbsp;<br>macheted&nbsp;or&nbsp;killed&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;masu.&nbsp;A&nbsp;big&nbsp;truck&nbsp;was&nbsp;on&nbsp;standby&nbsp;where&nbsp;the bodies&nbsp;were&nbsp;<br>piled on&nbsp;and&nbsp;taken&nbsp;away.&nbsp;<br>When&nbsp;they&nbsp;were&nbsp;tired&nbsp;of&nbsp;killing,&nbsp;the&nbsp;men&nbsp;came&nbsp;to&nbsp;us&nbsp;and&nbsp;ordered us&nbsp;to&nbsp;take&nbsp;off&nbsp;our<br>clothes.&nbsp;They&nbsp;each&nbsp;in&nbsp;turn&nbsp;raped&nbsp;us.&nbsp;One&nbsp;man&nbsp;pleaded&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;others&nbsp;to&nbsp;leave&nbsp;my&nbsp;14<br>years&nbsp;old&nbsp;sister&nbsp;alone,&nbsp;saying&nbsp;she&nbsp;was&nbsp;only&nbsp;a&nbsp;kid.&nbsp;The&nbsp;other&nbsp;men&nbsp;laughed&nbsp;and&nbsp;said,&nbsp;that&nbsp;<br>we&nbsp;were&nbsp;all&nbsp;going&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;killed&nbsp;anyway.&nbsp;That&nbsp;we&nbsp;would&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;chose&nbsp;between&nbsp;rape&nbsp;or a&nbsp;<br>cruel&nbsp;death.&nbsp;They&nbsp;raped&nbsp;my&nbsp;14­year­old&nbsp;sister.&nbsp;I&nbsp;stopped&nbsp;feeling&nbsp;my&nbsp;pain.&nbsp;I&nbsp;wanted&nbsp;to<br>protect&nbsp;her,&nbsp;but&nbsp;I&nbsp;couldn’t.&nbsp;After&nbsp;raping&nbsp;us&nbsp;they&nbsp;gave&nbsp;us&nbsp;food&nbsp;to eat&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;roadside.&nbsp;<br>Many&nbsp;people&nbsp;were&nbsp;being&nbsp;captured&nbsp;by&nbsp;villagers&nbsp;and&nbsp;brought&nbsp;to&nbsp;the roadblock.&nbsp;Soon&nbsp;there&nbsp;<br>were&nbsp;so many&nbsp;women&nbsp;kept&nbsp;aside&nbsp;for&nbsp;rape.&nbsp;This&nbsp;went&nbsp;on&nbsp;two&nbsp;weeks.&nbsp;My&nbsp;sister&nbsp;and&nbsp;I&nbsp;met&nbsp;<br>many&nbsp;women,&nbsp;some&nbsp;were&nbsp;raped&nbsp;and&nbsp;killed,&nbsp;others&nbsp;were&nbsp;macheted&nbsp;and lay&nbsp;in&nbsp;agony&nbsp;for<br>days&nbsp;before&nbsp;eventually&nbsp;dying.&nbsp;Others&nbsp;were&nbsp;piled&nbsp;on lorries&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;dead,&nbsp;even&nbsp;though&nbsp;<br>they&nbsp;were&nbsp;still&nbsp;breathing.&nbsp;<br><br><a href="http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/testimonies/pdf/59%20-%20Adeline%202009.pdf">http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/testimonies/pdf/59%20-%20Adeline%202009.pdf</a></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:22:19 UTC</pubDate>
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         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243282564</link>
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         <enclosure url="https://sites.tufts.edu/jha/archives/688" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:24:30 UTC</pubDate>
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         <link>https://padlet.com/sayers2016/7s6ibu05503f/wish/243282678</link>
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         <enclosure url="http://www.globalgrassroots.org/pdf/PTSD-Rwanda.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-19 00:25:19 UTC</pubDate>
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