To date, I have described five components present in optical fiber communication system. Two components are interpreted as repeater and amplifier component of the long optical fiber. Some trends were observed; however, because of the distance of the link.

 

repeaters are necessary at intervals in a length of fiber optic cable to keep the signal quality from deteriorating to the point of non-usability

the goal is to minimize the number of repeaters per unit distance, and ideally, to render repeaters unnecessary.

 

The main challenge facing developers of long-haul optics involves the loss inherent in the materials used in fiber optic cable.

 

Two key tasks are to be completed in the coming weeks. With the results of these research and system parameters given, we will propose a model for long optical fiber communication system between the two main branches. 

Fiber optics has many advantages over copper. You can build much longer point to point links using fiber than is possible with conventional wire cables, the bandwidth is much wider, it is lighter and it occupies less space. By careful adoption of the available tools, you can also multiplex many signals of different types onto a single fiber link. The link can even be bi-directional.

Fiber optic cable is available in single-mode and multi-mode types (Fig 1). Multi-mode cable has a larger core diameter (50um or 62.5um) than single-mode fiber (9um core diameter). When light travels down multi-mode fiber it is reflected at different angles as it propagates down the transmission path. These multiple reflections cause the light to spread out in time as it propagates down the fiber, making it more difficult for the receiver to recover the data. Single-mode fiber being much narrower, confines the optical signal to a straighter path with fewer reflections. As a result, optical signal dispersion is significantly reduced, which translates into a cleaner sig- nal. Longer transmission lengths can therefore be achieved with single mode cable. It is also a bonus that single-mode fiber can now be purchased for the same or less than multi-mode fiber.