A: Hi! Can you help me carry these books to the table?

(request)
B: Sure, I can carry them for you.
A: Remember, you must be quiet in the library.

(order)
B: Yes, and you should put your phone on silent too.

(advice)
A: Good idea. May I borrow this science book today?

(asking for permission)
B: Of course! You may borrow it after you sign the form.

(giving permission)

- Tell your friend what they must do before playing (order).

- Give advice on what they should bring or wear (advice).

- Ask if they can help set up the game or say what you can do (ability/request).

- Ask for permission using may (e.g., to use the school ball or playground).

https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/mars-rovers/en/

https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Mars-Exploration-Rover/544857

Fact files: Mars Rover

• What is it? The Mars Exploration Rovers were robotic vehicles that explored the surface of Mars.

• What does it do? The mission of each rover was to help scientists figure out whether water had ever existed on the planet. The rovers also searched for other signs that the planet might have supported some form of life.

• Size

• Sojourner = the size of a microwave oven.

• Spirit and Opportunity = the size of a golf cart.

• Curiosity and Perseverance = the size of a small SUV.

• Amazing fact

• As Sojourner drove short distances, it used its camera to take pictures of the Martian landscape.

• Sojourner used its camera to take picture of Mars.

• The rocks that Spirit and Opportunity studied showed scientists that a long time ago, water on Mars may have looked a lot like water on Earth. Mars once had lakes and rivers on the surface.

• One of Curiosity’s cameras—at the end of its 7 foot long robotic arm—even acts like a sort of “selfie stick.” It can hold the camera two meters away and take a selfie to send back to Earth!

• The Perseverance rover launched from Earth on July 30, 2020 and it arrived safely on Mars on February 18, 2021

• for an Order

• You must do your homework.

  
  

SHOULD

• for suggestion or advice

• You should clean the floor.

  
  

MAY (May I ......)

• asking for permission

• May I go to the toilet?

  
  

CAN

• for ability or request

• ability: Can you swim?

• Request: Can we play on the park?

B: Sure, you may play football but there are some rules.

A: What are the rules?

B: You must bring football and wear T- shirt and shorts.

A: What should I do next?

B: You should practice first.

A: But I can do it already. May I play with you right now?

B: Yes, you may play with me right now.

(must / mustn’t / should / shouldn’t / can / can’t / may / may not)

Story:
Nadia is a very active girl who loves joining many after-school activities. She has piano lessons on Mondays, swimming on Tuesdays, and drawing classes on Thursdays. She enjoys everything she does, but lately she feels very tired. Sometimes she sleeps late because she spends too much time practicing piano or finishing her drawings. Her teacher notices that she often yawns in class and forgets to bring her homework.

Her parents tell her that she needs to manage her time better. They remind her to sleep early and not to spend all night practicing. Nadia agrees and decides to make a daily schedule. Now she studies first, plays with her cat, and then practices piano for only one hour. She feels happier and has more energy at school.

Example:

• Nadia should sleep earlier at night.

Your answers:

1. ...

2. ...

3. ...

4. ...

5. ...

(can / may / should / must) — Choose the correct answer.

1. “Excuse me, teacher. ______ I open the window? It’s a bit hot in here.”

2. It looks cloudy. It ______ rain this afternoon.

3. You ______ eat more vegetables if you want to stay healthy.

4. We ______ not run in the school corridor. It’s dangerous.

5. I ______ play the guitar very well because I practice every day.

6. You ______ finish your project before the deadline.

7. Visitors ______ not touch the paintings in the art gallery.

8. “You look pale. You ______ see the school nurse.”

9. Students ______ bring their books to class every day.

10. My little sister ______ sleep early because she has school tomorrow.

(can / may / should / must)

Mira: “Liam, please stop talking during the movie!”
Liam: “Sorry, Mira. I didn’t realize I was being loud.”
Mira: “You (1) ______ be quiet here. Other people are watching.”
Liam: “You’re right. I’ll try. Hey, do you know if we (2) ______ bring our own snacks next time?”
Mira: “I think we (3) ______, but only if it’s not too noisy. The sign says we (4) ______ not bring hot food.”
Liam: “Got it! I really love popcorn though.”
Mira: “That’s fine. You (5) ______ eat popcorn, but keep the bag closed so it doesn’t spill.”
Liam: “Thanks, Mira. I (6) ______ remember that next time.”
Mira: “Also, you (7) ______ silence your phone before the movie starts.”
Liam: “Oops! I forgot. My mom (8) ______ call me later, but I’ll turn it off now.”
Mira: “Good idea! Everyone (9) ______ enjoy the movie when it’s quiet.”
Liam: “You’re right. I (10) ______ stop talking and watch now.”