Malaysia has undergone a miraculous transformation over the past 50 years. According to The World Bank, more than 50% of households in the Southeast Asian country lived below the national poverty line in the 1960s, but that percentage has fallen to less than 1% today. Malaysia has diversified its economy and is now a leading exporter of electrical appliances, electronic parts and components, palm oil, and natural gas.

As the nation’s people have prospered and various industries have grown, so has Malaysia’s electricity demand. The country’s energy commission reported that electricity consumption grew 8.39% annually from 1990 through 2013. Its 30 million people consumed a little more than 123 TWh of electricity in 2013.

Natural gas has long been the leading power generation fuel source in Malaysia, used for more than half of the country’s electricity mix. However, coal-fired generation, which was nonexistent before 1989, has grown steadily since 2000, displacing virtually all of the oil-fired generation and picking up most of the demand growth. Coal generation accounted for 48% of Malaysia’s mix in 2015, ed.

One impressive coal-fired plant that has been added recently in the state of Johor is the Tanjung Bin Energy Power Plant (T4). The 1,000-MW unit—owned and operated by Malakoff Corp. Bhd.—features ultrasupercritical technology, which provides the most efficient coal combustion technology currently on the market.

T4 is located on 65 hectares of land adjacent to the existing Tanjung Bin Power Plant, which includes three 700-MW coal-fired units. The plants share common infrastructure, such as coal-handling facilities, power evacuation, seawater intake, and other access services.

The basic operation of the gas turbine is similar to that of the steam power plant except that the working fluid is air instead of water. It is one of the oldest power station in the country. The Station has an installed generation capacity of 895 MW, the third largest of seven sister TNB power plants in the country. The power is produced through a combined-cycle block producing 315 MW, and 4 x GT13E1 open cycle gas turbines of 130 MW each. It is a thermal power station that used gas as a primary fuel and distillate fuel as secondary fuel.

The product technologies of Sika made their own contribution to the successful completion of the project. This involved the use of admixtures for the manufacture and application of different types of concrete to achieve the required product characteristics - roller-compacted concrete for the dam and shotcrete for tunnels and caverns; injection mortar for rock bolts and floor fittings; corrosion protection for steel structures, and finally system solutions for the waterproofing of the concrete structures.

The Putrajaya Power Station (PJPS; Malay: Stesen Janaelektrik Putrajaya) is a gas turbine power station in Serdang, Selangor near Putrajaya, Malaysia. Previously known as Serdang Power Station, PJPS is one of seven thermal power stations owned by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). It is under the management of TNB's Generation Division whose core business is generating electricity by operating and maintaining power plants.

Built as Serdang Power Station in 1993 with a generating capacity of 625 MW, PJPS was part of TNB’s plan to increase power generation capacity to meet Malaysia's rising electricity demand in the early 1990s. The gas turbine plant in PJPS consists of two units of 110MW General Electric Frame 9E model and three units of Siemens 135MW V94.2 Ratio model. PJPS is a peaking power plant serving the Klang Valley load center. Its operating regime is of two shift cycles, operating between 12 and 16 hours daily mainly to meet the load demand during peak hours and stabilize the grid line voltage. The machine can be put on commercial loading within 30 minutes upon request from Malaysia's National Load Dispatch Center.

PJPS is located in Putrajaya, the administrative center of Malaysia. For this reason, the station has been identified as a lead station for restoration of Putrajaya Island in the event of interruption of electricity. Its name was changed to Putrajaya Power Station on 15 February 2006.

Nur Hidayah Azrin 55102315157

Siti Nur Dalillah Fattin Janurin 55102315101

Sultan Mahmud Power Station or Kenyir Dam (Malay: Empangan Kenyir) is the hydroelectric dam which forms Kenyir Lake, Terengganu, Malaysia. It is located 50 km southwest of Kuala Terengganu on the Kenyir River. The project is a multipurpose hydroelectric power and flood mitigation scheme.

The Kenyir River was first identified for hydroelectric potential in 1961 but it proved uneconomical due to low energy demand and high cost of construction. Years later in 1972 the Malaysian government revived the study and further site investigations were proceeded.

Construction started in 1978 and was completed in 1985. In 1987 the dam was officially opened by Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah the Sultan of Terengganu. The dam's power station was named after the Sultan as the "Sultan Mahmud Hydro Electric Power Station". The station is operated by Tenaga Nasional Berhad.

The power station is a hydroelectric power station, using four turbines of 100 megawatt each. Continuous power output is 165 MW. Average annual energy output is 1,600 GWh.

The dam is 150 m in height above foundation, with a crest length of 800 m, and the dam fill volume is 15.20 million cubic metres. Crest elevation is 155 m above sea level (ASL) while maximum flood level is 153 m. The maximum operating level is 145 m and a minimum of 120 m. The reservoir surface area at 145 m ASL is 370 km², and with a catchment area of 2,600 km². Storage capacity is 13,600 million cubic metres.

In case of overflow during monsoon seasons there is a spillway that is ungated/free flow, with a maximum capacity of 7,000 cubic metres per second. Water flows through four penstocks into four turbines turning four air-cooled electric generators rated at 100 megawatt each.

1) The first consists of an HVAC double circuit overhead line running over a distance of 160 km from Bakun Dam to Similajau Static Inverter Plant, situated east of Bintulu.

2) The three further sections consist of a bipolar HVDC 500 kV line. The first section of this line running from Similajau Static Inverter Plant to Kampung Pueh on Borneo will be implemented as overhead lines with a length of 670 km.

3) The next section is the submarine cable between Kampung Pueh to Tanjung Leman, Johor. It will have a length of 670 km. It is planned to be implemented by 3 or 4 parallel cables each with a transmission capacity of 700 MW.

4) The last section on the Malay Peninsula will consist of an overhead DC powerline running from Tanjung Leman to the static inverter plant at Bentong.

As part of the transmission works two converter stations will be built at Bakun and Tanjung Tenggara. The HVDC lines will connect to the National Grid, Malaysia operated by Tenaga Nasional Berhad.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS :

The permanent dam components are as follows:

SYAZWANI FARINA BINTI SUKARNO (5510 2315 025 )

SULTAN AZLAN SHAH POWER STATION

Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Azlan Shah, Manjung [registered name TNB Janamanjung Sdn. Bhd. (TNBJ)], a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) was incorporated in 1996. Located on a man-made island in Manjung District, Perak, the total land area of 325 hectares comprises of plant facilities, coal yard, 25-year ash pond and reserve land.

The design of TNBJ is suitable for base-load operation with high availability, reliability and ability to participate in system frequency regulation in compliance with the Malaysian and approved international standards to operate safely and economically whilst conserving the surrounding nature.

Out of the 21,628MW installed capacity-of which 11,363MW is contributed by TNB – Perak state is the largest electricity power producer in Peninsular Malaysia. In future, Perak will continue to be the largest electric power producer with 30% of power generation capacity in Peninsular Malaysia.

TNB Janamanjung generates 3,100MW of electricity from its three units of 700MW and one unit of 1,000MW coal-fired power plant. The three units of 700MW are known as Generating Facility 1 (GF 1) and the 1,000MW unit is known as Generating Facility 2 (GF 2) or Manjung 4. GF 1 project was started in 1999 and launched by the Sultan of Perak in 2005. On the other hand, Manjung 4 began its commercial operations on 14^th April 2015.

Manjung 4, the most efficient power plant in South-East Asia, utilizes the latest ultra-supercritical combustion technology. The power supplied by Manjung 4 boosted the generating capability of TNBJ to 3,100MW and turning it into Peninsular Malaysia’s largest independent power producer to date. The 1,000MW of power generated – equivalent to the electricity needs of two million households – will contribute towards further stability of the grid system and enhanced reliability of supply.

TNB Janamanjung, through the deployment of the most modern clean coal technologies, meets the stringent environmental standards set by the World Bank and Malaysia’s Department of Environment. Before its construction, a thorough environmental impact assessment was carried out to protect and conserve the surrounding flora and fauna of the mangrove.

The plant uses low NOx burners, desulphurization facility and electrostatic precipitators to keep NOx and Sox emission low. Further, in line with its motto “Technology in Harmony with Nature”, the power plant is further equipped with a smart weather-based coal dust suppression system for the coal stock yard, management representing the first of its kind in the country.

The project, which cost about US$1.05 billion, is located 200 km north of Kuala Lumpur.

According to developer Salini Impregilo, the scheme includes the roller-compacted-concrete, 80-m high Susu Dam that impounds the Bertram River creating the Susu Reservoir, which has an area of 0.1 km2.

The Ulu Jelai has an underground plant that houses two 191-MW Francis turbines, according to Salini Impregilo, and 26 km of hydraulic tunnels, of which 15 km was excavated using tunnel boring machines and the remaining with the traditional method.

According to locally published reports, the project is in line with Malaysia's goal to raise the share of electricity generated from renewable sources to 11% of total power output by 2020 from about 6% at the end of 2015. The increase would require an additional of 2 GW of energy from renewable sources, including solar panels and hydroelectric dams.

In terms of energy-mix, TNB currently generates about 2,161 MW from hydroelectric power plants. 

Temenggor Dam is now the third largest dam in Malaysia. It was once the largest dam and largest hydroelectric generation facility upon completion in 1979, before being overtaken by the Kenyir Dam in 1985. It holds a special place in the history of Malaysia for its military role in flooding the Upper Perak River and cutting off the communist terrorists' infiltration route from the Betong salient in Thailand.

The Temengor Dam or Temengor Hydro-Electric Project or Temengor Power Station is a dam in Gerik, Perak, Malaysia. It is located on Perak River about 200 km northeast of Ipoh. Construction of the dam impounded Temenggor Lake.

The power station is a hydroelectric power station, using 4 Hitachi turbines of 87 MW installed capacity and the average annual energy generation 900 million units. The station is operated by Tenaga Nasional. Since 1987 Temenggor has been unmanned and is remotely operated via a SCADA system at the Bersia Group Control Centre. In the late 1990s, facilities were added to enable Automatic generation control by TNB's National Load Despatch Centre in Kuala Lumpur.

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The permanent dam components are as follows:

·         Main Dam

ØMaximum height above foundation of 128 metres (420 ft), and crest length of 537 metres (1,762 ft), volume of fill is 7.09 million cubic metres. Crest elevation is 258 metres (846 ft) above sea level (ASL), Full Supply Level (FSL) is at EL 248.42mSLE, average operating level is at EL244.00mSLE, minimum operating level for Unit 1, Unit 3 and Unit 4 is at EL 236.5mSLE. For Unit 2, it can go down to EL 221mSLE. Reservoir area at 245 metres (804 ft) ASL is 152 square kilometres (59 sq mi). Storage volume is 5,300 million cubic meters at EL 244.00mSLE. At FSL total storage is 6,050 million cubic meters.

·         Power Intake Structure - 4 bays.

·         Spillway- free flow spillway, weir with chute and flip bucket.

ØMaximum discharge capacity at Reservoir Flood Level at EL 252.00mSLE is 2830m3/s. At this elevation the dam is holding 890million cubic meters of flood water or equivalent to 3months of annual average rainfall. This water will be discharge to downstream gradually in not less than one month.

·         Power Tunnels - 4 tunnels.

ØLength about 850 ft

ØAverage diameter 5.5m, steel lined

·         Powerhouse

Øsurface powerhouse

Øwith 4 penstocks to powerhouse comprising 4 turbines of 87MW each, 4 air-cooled generators of 100MVA each and 4 transformers of 100MVA each.

ØTurbine type is vertical Francis, manufactured by HITACHI of Japan. Turbine shaft rated output is about 90MW at rated gross head of 101m.

ØMaximum plant discharge is 4X100m3/s.

ØPlant rated annual energy production is 870GWh based on annual rainfall of 3,700 million cubic meters.

 

It is located about 100 km west of Kota Bharu.

The power station is an underground hydroelectric power station, using 4 turbines each with 150 MW of installed capacity. The station is operated by Tenaga Nasional. It also holds the power of FAZ

The construction, which was undertaken by Balfour Beatty and Cementation International, started 1991 and completed in 2000. The dam began operation on 2003 and was officially opened in 2003.

·         Power Intake Structure - 4 bays.

·         Spillway- concrete weir with chute and flip bucket.

·         Power Tunnels - 4 tunnels.

·         Underground powerhouse

·         With 4 penstocks to power-trains comprising 4 turbines of 150MW each, 4 air-cooled generators of 180MVA each and 4 transformers of 180MVA each.

·         Pergau Power Station has the second largest hydroelectric generation installed capacity in Malaysia, after the 2400MW installed capacity at Bakun Hydroelectric Project in Sarawak, East Malaysia.

The power station has three turbines of 22 MW installed capacity totaling 66 MW. Continuous power output is 66 MW. Average annual energy output is 400 GWh. The station is operated by Sabah Electricity.

Construction started in 1978 and was completed in 1984. The dam began operation on 1984. The plant suffered extensive flood damage in 1988, where the trash rackand log boom were washed away and damaged the intake and gate machinery. It was refurbished in 2003.

Specifications

The permanent dam components are as follows:

AHMAD HANIS IZ’AAN BIN ZOHALMI

55102315147

MUHAMMAD KHAIRI AZRI BIN HUSSEIN

55102315164

MUHD FARIS BIN MOHD IBRAHIM

55102315138

NUR LIYANA BINTI ZAMZURY

55102315137

Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Power Station is a power station, which fires natural gas, bunker oil and coal, located in Kapar, Klang District, Selangor, Malaysia. It was opened in March 1987 by then Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, and the station was named after him. In terms of power producing capacity, it remains the largest power station in Malaysia, despite the commissioning of several new power stations with 700MW steam turbines. It is also the first coal-fired power plant in the country.

Kapar Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd is a joint venture company between Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) and Malakoff Berhad, with an equity holding of 60% TNB and 40% Malakoff Berhad. Kapar Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd (KEV) owns, operates and maintains SSAAPS since 9 July 2004, after successful acquisition of the power plant from TNB.

The plant was designed by Minconsult, a Malaysian engineering consultancy. Some of the coal are fom Sarawak. TNB also imported high quality coal from Australia, USA, Canada and China. This power station consumes 1.5 ton coal every year. 

This station is built as multi-fuel fired power plant to enhance the use of indigenous resources and reduce petroleum dependency. Fuel choice of the plant had been subject to two times of alternation. The plant was initially scheduled to use coal as main fuel (gas as alternative). However, upon the necessity to enhance use of indigenous natural gas, the Malaysian government determined to alter the main fuel of the plant to gas (coal as alternative). It has 4 generating facilities that can produce 2420MW power which is:

The dam cost about £3.5 million and was built by Messrs. Armstrong, Whitworth and Co. with half of its cost provided by the British Government under the credit scheme, and the British Government was represented on the board of Perak Hydro-Electric Company[1] (known to many as Perak Hydro).
Six hundred and forty feet long at its crest, sixty feet high, and eighty feet broad at the widest part of the base, the dam was built based on a hollow type which was favoured by the engineers during that time. In several ways, the Chenderoh Dam structure was different from the popular idea of dams. Instead of holding back the water by its own weight being a solid wall, the Chenderoh Dam sloped backwards from the water, the thrust of which will thus hold it more securely on its foundations, as it consists of a series of walls at eighteen-foot intervals behind a facing of slabs of reinforced concrete. A steam auxiliary plant was installed to provide 5,000 kilowatts in case of floods or drought.
Main Dam

The power derived from its two turbine generators, each of 9,000 kilowatts capacity .

 

ELECTRIC ENERGY PLANT IN MALAYSIA 

Tunku Jaafar Power Station

Tuanku Jaafar Power Station is one of the main power stations Malaysia. Is it located in the Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan,Malaysia which is constructed near the beach. The water supple will definitely come from the sea water. It mainly belongs to Tenaga Nasional Berhad and is a state of the art combined power plants. This power plant is a combine cycle gas turbine, meaning that the plant combines to methods for generating electricity by thermal and gas turbine. Also,  the plant comprises PD1 and PD2 which was on commercial loading in 2005 and 2009 respectively. Both plant are directly fuel-supplied by Petronas and also has a stand –by fuel in the ready. 

The Power station was built in the 60’s where in that time it was a conventional thermal power plant. It produces about 4x60MW of electricity. By the 70’s, a gas turbine was added to the plant making the electricity generated more efficient that it increases to 3x120MW. The reading of electricity generated was per-day. Then in the early 20 century, the conventional power plant was dismantle for rehabilitation purposes and was completed at the year 2009. From that time, Tunku Jaafar Power Station was one of the top of the power stations in Malaysia  because of it’s high efficiency and full automation in compliance with the environment and international safety agreement.