https://padlet.com/gom0001/7m9lbdll2bk This padlet is based on two different experiments recently experimented on, which I hope will definitely capture your liking. If you are interested in Twin Studies. en-us 2017-05-02 07:41:50 UTC 2025-12-24 06:15:03 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padletuploads.blob.core.windows.net/prod/196522973/1b0cf7a164cc6c1545bd47bd46e540d3/images_twin.jpg gom0001 https://padlet.com/gom0001/7m9lbdll2bk/wish/169821161
Hypothesis-->Identical twins that are raised in the same family contribute to the same levels of intelligence and behaviour.
Aim :To be able to examine the heritability of human behavioural traits established in classical twin studies, and identify the casual effects using appropriate genetic and shared environmental control.

Introduction:
The psychological definition of twin studies, is when you are observing the differences between twins. Where it allows researchers or experimenters to examine the overall role of genes in the development of a trait or disorder. Twin studies reveal the importance of environmental and genetic influences for traits, Phenotypes, and disorders. Twin studies research is considered to be a key tool in behavioural genetics and in content fields, from biology to psychology. The two experiments I chose to conduct Includes:How stressful will a trip to mars be on the human body. We now have a peek into what the NASA twins study will reveal. Where this type of research conducts the behaviour of one twin still working in NASA who has travelled to mars, for almost close to a year. Whereas the other twin stayed back in earth. From their the HRP (human research programme) were interested to test the two twins, even though they were were not able to stay and contact the first twin wasn't their to help them with their research, they were only able to contact him. Scott and Mark Kelly became the subject for this research.This particular research is still happening from today, but by demonstrating a deeper understanding of the environmental control. For both twins the researchers started to look at the effects of space travel on the human body.  Researchers found this to be a great opportunity for a nature versus nurture study, thus the Twins Study was formed. Using Mark, a retired NASA astronaut, as a ground-based control subject, ten researchers are sharing biological samples taken from each twin before, during and after Scott’s mission. From these samples, knowledge is gained as to how the body is affected by extended time in space. The other experiment was similar to the previous experiment where it elaborates more on the intrapersonal and interpersonal behaviour in both twins, by using as their main tool Narcissism to be able to examine it's two dimensions intrapersonal grandiosity and interpersonal entitlement.  ]]> 2017-05-04 00:58:30 UTC https://padlet.com/gom0001/7m9lbdll2bk/wish/169821161 gom0001 https://padlet.com/gom0001/7m9lbdll2bk/wish/169826601 The main focus in this experiment was to go through further into the research integrating their preliminary findings on their behavioural communications, however in two different environments, in coordination with other physiological, psychological, and technological investigations, NASA and its partners continue to ensure that astronauts undertake future space exploration missions safely, efficiently and effectively. It was just after the first twin brother came back from mars, they started to collect blood samples, urine, and other samples on, knowledge is gained as to how the body is affected by extended time in space. From this they were able to determine that both twins behavoiur was very much different, due to the environment that they were. Suggests that, from what they have gathered, it was reported that the altered levels of a panel of lipids in Scott (the flight twin) that indicate inflammation. Additionally, there was an increased presence of 3-indolepropionic (IPA) in Mark (the ground-based twin). This metabolite is known to be produced only by bacteria in the gut and is being investigated as a potential brain antioxidant therapeutic.As a result the twins were interviewed and, from their they were able to determine that both twins have a different level of intelligence, and behavioural.

 A Behavioural Gentic Study Of Intrapersonal Dimensions Of Narcissism (Source two)
  This study examined genetic and environmental bases of two dimensions of narcissism: intrapersonal grandiosity and interpersonal entitlement. A total of 304 pairs of twins from Queensland to Melbourne completed the Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale and the Psychological Entitlement Scale. Both grandiosity (23%) and entitlement (35%) were found to be moderately heritable, while simultaneously showing considerable non-shared environmental influences. Moreover, the genetic and environmental influences on the two dimensions were mostly unique (92–93%), with few genetic and environmental effects in common (7–8%). The two dimensions of narcissism, intrapersonal grandiosity and interpersonal entitlement, are heritable and largely independent of each other in terms of their genetic and environmental sources. These findings extend their understanding of the heritability of narcissism on the one hand. On the other hand, the study demonstrates the logic for distinguishing between intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions of narcissism, and possibly personality in general. Narcissism, characterized by grandiose self-image and entitled feelings to others, has been increasingly prevalent in the past decades. This study examined genetic and environmental bases of two dimensions of narcissism: intrapersonal grandiosity and interpersonal entitlement.

Analysis:
For the first experiment there were no limiting factors involved in this particular experiment, the most common limiting factor that occured in this experiment was the amount of weight loss that the twin flight recieved from his journey to mars. Where one was still on earth, where no mutations occured in his body, through the neuroimaging. Whereas the second experiment was that there was a change in behaviour, but in the same in environment, by considering the Narcissism.

Ethics: Ethics Committee of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences provided approval for the study. Additionally, we obtained written informed consent from all participants and their parents prior to commencing the test. This was for the second experiment for Intrarpersonal. A sample of 304 twin pairs from the Melbourne Twin Study participated in the current study. Twins in the socio-demographically representative of their peers in Melbourne in general. The participants in the present study ranged in age from 15 to 27 years . Of them, 152 pairs are monozygotic (MZ) whereas 152 pairs are dizygotic (DZ; 94 same-sex, 58 opposite-sex). To determine zygosity, DNA testing, with a classification accuracy approaching 100%, was used for 95% of the twin pairs; for the remaining pairs, zygosity was established by a combination of parent-reports and children’s self-reports about co-twin physical similarity and frequency of confusion, which had a predictive accuracy of 90.6%. One member of a DZ twin pair was ultimately dropped because of missing data.

Conclusion:
 The findings have important implications. First, these results deepen the understanding of the heritability of narcissism: not only global narcissism is heritable, but its dimensions, in particular, intrapersonal grandiosity and interpersonal entitlement, are also heritable, suggesting neither grandiosity nor entitlement is trivial according to the first law of behavioural genetics. Second, consistent with behavioural evidences, this twin study shows that the differential nature of intrapersonal grandiosity and interpersonal entitlement has genetic and environmental bases and the difference between them is fundamental but not trivial, providing novel evidence for the rationale for distinguishing between intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions of narcissism. Third, part of their results echo with neuroimaging findings of different neural substrates for biased self-positivity, which encompasses grandiosity, and empathy, a characteristic closely related to entitlement [29]. It is likely that distinct genetic and environmental factors modulate grandiosity and entitlement via such different brain regions. Finally, their findings also suggested that the intrapersonal and interpersonal distinction, which is very common in personality psychology, may also have genetic basis. More neuroimaging and twin studies, of course, are needed, to be able to work out their behavioural, and determine their level of intelligence.


Refrences:https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/21/14805232/nasa-twin-study-astronauts-mark-scott-kelly-space-interview

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0093403


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