• elision : removal of an unstressed syllable, consonants, or letters from a word > the missing letter is replaced by an apostrophe
ex. 'em = them / tha's = that's / spendin' = spending
• incorrect grammar forms
ex. you says = you say / like I done = like I did
• gonna = going to
• wanna = want to
• ain't = am not, are not, is not, has not ou have not
• sometimes the letter "a" = of
ex. kinda = kind of / outta = out of
• misspelling for phonological reasons 
ex. ya = you / awright = alright / I wisht = I wished / whatta you want = what do you want
• 2 words in 1
ex. gimme = give me
• the word "damn" is often used instead of "very" or "totally"

Now practise : rewrite these expressions in correct English :
• I ain't so sure
• Nice fella
• Ya see the stable here?
• Says that you was to be here
• we hadda walk
• he's awright
• you listenin'?
• S'pose we oughtta tell him
• We gotta stay
• Glad ta meet ya
• I dunno
• what she doin'?
• I would of had ta drown the puppies
• I never seen such a worker
• he's jes' like a kid
• Les' wait till tomorra
• I coulda told you that
• I'll get 'um myself
• he wun't go away
• an' we got frens'
• I gotta husband
• ever'body out doin' som'pin
• we c'n go
(correction below)