Pharmacology: Cardiovascular Drugs by https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu en-us 2019-02-10 18:13:49 UTC 2026-01-19 13:56:34 UTC hello@padlet.com Thiazide acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329635890 - common med is Hydrochlorothiazide
- act in the distal tubule inhibiting sodium chloride reabsorption back into the blood allowing for it to be excreted
- lowers BP by 10-15 mm/Hg
- may increase cholesterol and loss of electrolytes
- hypokalemia- requires potassium supplementation
- contraindicated for diabetics because it reduces effect of medication]]> 2019-02-10 19:02:03 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329635890 Angina is when the demands of the heart exceed the ability of the arteries acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329679394 -90% controlled
-10% uncontrolled]]> 2019-02-10 23:44:18 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329679394 Nitrates acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329679516 - relaxes vascular smooth muscles (vasodilation)
- nitroglycerine patches that slowly  releases over 24 hours
- subgingival capsule that quickly gets into the blood stream]]> 2019-02-10 23:45:24 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329679516 Beta-blockers acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329680257 - cardio selective (B1)
- Cardio non-selective (B1 and B2)
- common meds: Atenolol (not for diabetics or asthmatics) and propranolol]]> 2019-02-10 23:50:31 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329680257 Calcium Channel Blockers acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329680923 - reduce symptoms not mortality
- drug of choice for Prinzmetal's angina but also for chronic stable angina, hypertension, arrhythmias
- reduce peripheral resistance, decrease force of contraction and decrease contractility]]> 2019-02-10 23:55:42 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329680923 Non-Nitrates acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329682392 - used only for prophylaxis and not acute
- may decrease platelet aggregation
- works primarily on small resistance blood vessels in heart]]> 2019-02-11 00:07:53 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329682392 Aspirin acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329682628 - anti-platelet (blod thinner)
- inhibits the production of thromboxane A2 (platelet aggregation) preventing blood clot formation
- reduce mortality in unstable angina and stroke patients]]> 2019-02-11 00:10:29 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/329682628 - few side effects and are very effective in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330164423 - act by increasing the volume of urine production by excretion of excess fluids
- common adverse effects: dehydration, orthostatic hypotension, xerostomia]]> 2019-02-12 01:59:44 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330164423 Loop acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330166779 - common med is Furosemide (Lasix)
- located in the loop of henle
- fast acting (within 1 hour)
- hypokalemia- requires potassium supplementation]]> 2019-02-12 02:12:02 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330166779 Potassium Spring acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330167255 - located in the distal tubule where inhibiting sodium reabsorption results in a corresponding potassium
- potassium supplements are not needed
- hyperkalemia can occur so usually paired with a sparing diuretic]]> 2019-02-12 02:14:58 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330167255 Stage I- Uncomplicated acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330170183 - Thiazide diuretics increase urination]]> 2019-02-12 02:30:29 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330170183 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330170587 - inhibits ACE in the lungs reducing the synthesis of angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor)
- preferred drug for diabetics
- adverse effects: dizziness, orthostatic hypertension, xerostomia, persistant caugh
- no NSAIDs
- common meds: "pril" ending Enalapril (Vasotec), Ramapril (Altase)]]> 2019-02-12 02:33:05 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330170587 Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330172425 - block AII receptors, limiting vasoconstriction (lower BP)
- well tolerated with little to no cough
- no NSAIDs
- common meds: Telmisartan (Miscardis), Valsartan (Diovan)]]> 2019-02-12 02:45:24 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330172425 Calcium Channel Blocker (CC) acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330174612 - vasodilator
- inhibiting the influx of calcium into the cardiac and smooth muscle by blocking the calcium channels
- side effects: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia (increased HR due to rapid drop in BP), gingival enlargement
- two types of vasodilators: Dihydropyridines and Non-Dihydropyridines
- common meds: Nifedipine (causes gingival overgrowth), Amlodipine (Norvasc)]]> 2019-02-12 03:00:11 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330174612 Stage II- 2 or more of the drugs above used acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330400998 2019-02-12 16:01:43 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330400998 Beta Blockers acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330401981 - reduce mortality in people with stable angina
- decrease cardiac oxygen demand by reducing HR
- cardios elective (do not cause Bronchoconstriction)
- not for asthmatics and diabetes]]> 2019-02-12 16:03:21 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330401981 - decrease in contractility, preventing heart from fully pumping blood acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330405398 - decrease in cardiac output activate refluxes (increased HR, edema)
- fluid in the lungs]]> 2019-02-12 16:09:19 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330405398 CHF Medications acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330412743 - Diuretics- Furosemide to reduce the fluid
- cardiac glycoside (Digoxin)- increase the strength of contraction
- Vasodilators (ACE, ARB, CCB)
- Beta-blockers reduce sympathetic stimulation (rest and digest)]]> 2019-02-12 16:21:47 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330412743 - is a change in heart rhythm acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330434793 2019-02-12 16:55:34 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330434793 4 Classes of anti-arrhythmia Medication acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330435086 2019-02-12 16:55:58 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330435086 Sodium channel blockers acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330435308 - block sodium entering, preventing transmission of nerve impulse, reducing the rate of depolarization]]> 2019-02-12 16:56:19 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330435308 Beta Blockers acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330436260 - "olol" ending
- treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias
- slows HR, decrease AV node contraction rate, increase AV refractory]]> 2019-02-12 16:57:53 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330436260 Potassium Channel Blockers acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330440065 - prolong action potential duration and refractory period
- suppresses ventricular arrhytmias]]> 2019-02-12 17:04:28 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330440065 Calcium Channel Blockers acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330452425 - significant affect on cardiac tissue
- decrease AV node conduction velocity and increase its refractory period
- treat supra-ventricular  tachycardia and suppresses AV node conduction]]> 2019-02-12 17:24:52 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330452425 Lipid-Lowering Medications acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330454684 - goal is to lower LDL and raise HDL
- common meds: "statins" ending, Atrovastatin (Lipitor), Rosuvastatin (Crestor), Simvastatin (Zocor)]]> 2019-02-12 17:28:28 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330454684 Anticoagulant Medications acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330457463 - Novel oral anticoagulants
  • Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
  • Rivaroxoben (Xarelto)
  • Apixaben (Eliquis)
  • Edoxban (Lixiana, Savaysa)
  • Betrixaben (Bebyxxa)
- long term management for patients with artificial heart valves and thromboembolic disorders (A-Fib)
- used in conjuction with heparin for the treatment of MI
-Warfarin (Coumadin) needs a medical consult, INR should be within the last 24-72 hours
(normal INR is 1 but for people on Warfarin it should be between 2-3)
]]> 2019-02-12 17:33:10 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330457463 Anti-Platelet Medication acrossett11 https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330465393 - inhibit platelet aggregation
- common meds: Aspirin 81 mg, clopidogrel (Plavix)- may need a med clearance]]> 2019-02-12 17:46:21 UTC https://padlet.com/acrossett11/7jw1dm5qn8fu/wish/330465393