Module1&2 Review by Preston Frantz https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4 Final exam en-us 2023-02-16 14:54:04 UTC 2023-05-07 20:00:32 UTC hello@padlet.com The Scientific Method frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485095600 1) Make an Observation or Observations
2) Form a Hypothesis and make predictions
3) Test the Hypothesis and predictions
4) Analyze the data and draw/ state a conclusion]]> 2023-02-16 14:58:25 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485095600 Differences between Dependent, Independent, and Controlled variables. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485097818 Independent Variables- 
  • is added in and is expected to influence the dependent variable
Dependent Variables-
  • Is what happens as a result of the independent variable
Controlled Variable- 
  • Is set up to not have any change to is and is the base model for comparisons
]]> 2023-02-16 14:59:50 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485097818 Qualitative vs Quantitative statements frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485099094 Qualitative 
  • Interpretation based
  • is descriptive
  • is related to language 
  • Less vaible
Quantitative 
  • Is based off numbers and measurments
  • not as descriptive
  • Is viable and consistent
]]> 2023-02-16 15:00:44 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485099094 Investigated methods and limitations of science. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485100274 Scientific method
the limitations are that your hypothesis must be testable.]]> 2023-02-16 15:01:32 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485100274 Scientific Law or Scientific Theory frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485101068 Scientific Law
  • Will always happen.
  • has no exceptions or outliers. 

Scienific theory 
  • Is an idea of what something may be
  • can not be proven to happen every time
  • May have outliers 
]]> 2023-02-16 15:02:06 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485101068 What makes a good "hypothesis" statement. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485102140 attributes of a good hypothesis are
  • Testability
  • Clarity
  • Relativity to problem
  • specific
  • relevant to techniques or process
]]> 2023-02-16 15:02:43 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485102140 Proper laboratory procedures for safety, chemicals, equipment, and materials in a lab setting. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485103985 All skin must be covered
closed toed shoes
no baggy clothing
long hair must be put up
safety measures/guidelines are to be followed for each specific lab
wash hands after wards

]]> 2023-02-16 15:04:01 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485103985 What makes an atomic number and the atomic mass? frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485104696 The atomic number is decided by the number of protons that are inside the nucleus of the atom.

The atomic mass is decided by the number of protons and neutrons in the atom.]]> 2023-02-16 15:04:32 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485104696 Differentiated differences of a molecule and a compound frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485106585 A molecule is one pure substance consisting of one element.

A compound is multiple different substances/Molecules coming together to make something else.]]> 2023-02-16 15:05:32 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485106585 What is an isotope and how is it identified. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485107370 An Isotope is when there is an equal number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons.

Isotopes can be identified by the atomic mass of an atom.]]> 2023-02-16 15:06:03 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485107370 what are the chemical and physical properties of macromolecules found in living things. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485109221 Carbohydrates
  • Quick energy
  • sugar glucose
lipids
  • fats
  • oils
  • waxes
  • store high/long term energy
proteins
  • structure
  • muscle 
  • hormones and enzymes
nucleic acids
  • Genetic information for proteins 
  • dna and rna




]]> 2023-02-16 15:07:14 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485109221 What are investigated chemical reagents used to verify the presence of macromolecules. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485110962 Benedicts reagent-glucose
Lugol's test- complex carbohydrates
Biuret Reagent-Testing for proteins
Sudan IV-Testing for lipids (fats and oils)]]> 2023-02-16 15:08:18 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2485110962 Why are cells the most basic unit of life and the tenants of cell theory? frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491918261 It is the smallest unit of matter that can adapt and respond to stimuli that you don't see in smaller units of matter.
Cell theory states that 
  • cells are the basic unit of life.
  • all cells come from preexisting cells. 

]]> 2023-02-23 01:38:38 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491918261 Examen the evolutionary relatedness of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaeans. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491919496 prokaryotes-lack membrane bound nucleus
eukaryotes-have a membrane bound nucleus
Archeans possess qualities of both, but are genetically different


]]> 2023-02-23 01:40:10 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491919496 Identify and describe the fundamental components of a eukaryotic cell. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491993233 fundamental components of a eukaryotic cell 
  • Membrane bound nucleus
  • numerous bound organelles 
  1.  ex) Endoplasmic reticulum
  2.  Golgi apparatus
  3.  chloroplasts
  4.  mitochondria
]]> 2023-02-23 03:05:07 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491993233 Identified and described the fundamental components of a bacterial cell. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491994087 Key components of a bacterial cell
Cell wall
ribosome
pilus
capsule
cell wall
flagellum
nucleoid
cell membrane]]> 2023-02-23 03:05:28 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491994087 Applied the endosymbiotic theory to eukaryotic cell structure. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491994755 the endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes.]]> 2023-02-23 03:05:40 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491994755 Compared and contrasted the organelles in plant and animal cells. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491995531 Plants and Animals have a lot of the same cell organelles. The main difference is that plant cells have a cell wall]]> 2023-02-23 03:05:53 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491995531 Distinguished between the different structural components of membranes and the types of particles that can pass through the cell membrane. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491996232 channel: contains a passage

recognition: contains carbohydrate chain

transport: uses energy to move substances

receptor: recognizes and binds signal molecules

enzymatic: metabolizes chemical reactions

junction: connect cells together ]]> 2023-02-23 03:06:05 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491996232 Compared and contrasted diffusion and osmosis across a membrane. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491996862 Diffusion is the passive transport and movement of a substance through a semi permeable membrane.
Osmosis is the transport and movement of water through a selective permeable membrane. ]]> 2023-02-23 03:06:16 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491996862 Differentiated between hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions for animal and plant cells. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491997408 Hypertonic- 
  • higher solute concentration on outside of cell
  • water moves out of the cell
  • cell will shrivel and shrink
Isotonic
  • Water freely moves between both
  • same amount of solute inside and outside the cell
Hypotonic
Higher solute concentration inside cell
water will move into cell
cell will swell and eventually rupture
]]> 2023-02-23 03:06:26 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491997408 Explained how active transport moves substances across a membrane. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491998187 The movement of a dissolved molecule(s) through the cell membrane from a lower concentration area to a higher area concentration (moving against the gradient) using energy]]> 2023-02-23 03:06:38 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491998187 Compared the energy requirements of passive and active transport. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491998802 passive transport=no energy needed/used
Active transport=energy needed/used]]> 2023-02-23 03:06:49 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491998802 Contrasted the active transport of large and small substances into a cell. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491999832 Active Transport of Small substances 
  • Requires energy
  • may pass more easily or by itself
Active Transport of Large substances 
  • requires energy 
  • often needs to bind or enter the cell with other substances
  • May need two enzymes to break down the substance until it is smaller
  • diffuses in water
  • requires more energy
]]> 2023-02-23 03:07:06 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2491999832 Explained the role of modifications to the surface of cells. frantzp0598 https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2492000749  Epithelial cells- can connect to one another via their lateral membranes to form the epithelial sheets that line the cavities & surfaces throughout the animal body.

The apical surface-  is the upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ, the structural modifications in the apical domain include: microvilli, cilia, flagella

The structural modifications in the basal domain include basal infoldings, the basement membrane, and cell-to-matrix junction.

]]> 2023-02-23 03:07:21 UTC https://padlet.com/frantzp0598/7jrjcdevt82sisc4/wish/2492000749