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Toothpaste

Toothpaste or toothpaste [ ^{1] is} a chemical formula used for brushing teeth . The oldest known attempt to manufacture the paste was in Egypt in the fourth century AD, and that mixture consisted of ground salt , pepper , mint leaves , and iris flowers .

In the ninth century , Ziryab invented the first toothpaste, which was popularized throughout Andalusia . ^[2] The exact ingredients of this paste are not currently known, ^[3] but it is said to have achieved both "functionality and good taste". ^[2] In fact, there have been many attempts to make toothpaste in the past based on urine. In any case, toothpastes or powders were not widely used until the nineteenth century . In the early nineteenth century a toothbrush was usually used with water. But little by little, powders began to appear that gained great popularity among the people.

By 1900 baking soda ( sodium bicarbonate ) had been developed by adding a small amount of hydrogen peroxide —that is, oxygenated water—to it. The beginning of marketing the aforementioned paste was in the nineteenth century, but it did not exceed the popularity of the well-known tooth powders until the time of the First World War . The addition of fluoride to toothpastes began in the fifties of the twentieth century .

History of toothpaste [ edit ]

The first toothpaste in its current form appeared in 1873. Toothpaste is defined as “a chemical composition used by the brush to clean the surfaces of the teeth in order to secure the aesthetic aspect of cleaning, polishing, obtaining a breath of good smell and preventing the infection of tooth decay by adding drugs to treat it with the supporting tissues.”

The oldest known attempt to manufacture toothpaste was in Egypt 5,000 years ago, and it was composed of one drachma of salt , two drachmas of mint , twenty grains of black pepper, and particles of dried iris flowers - which scientists have recently discovered to protect against gum disease. It is a very accurate unit of weight equivalent to one hundred parts of an ounce, and this amount of course does not fill a tube of toothpaste, so they used to make it every time to clean the teeth only once.

Heinz Neumann, one of the famous dentists, says that he tried to make the previous formula himself, but he found it uncomfortable and caused pain in the gums, but he felt very fresh and extremely clean.

Lisa Schwabash Sheriff, curator of the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities in San Jose, California, said: The ancient Egyptians were very interested in teeth, and they would grind the ingredients to be very soft and mix the particles of the flower ( iris ). She added: The ancient Egyptians tried various treatments for the teeth and gums, including chewing gum that resembles modern gum in order to give a good smell to the mouth, and they put honey, mint and anti-disease materials in it as well.

It is reported that researchers discovered a formula for toothpaste in documents from the (Pharaonic) papyrus in Vienna, Austria . This discovery also adds new evidence that the medical system in ancient Egypt was one of the most advanced at that time. And in the ninth century , Ziryab invented the first toothpaste, which was popularized throughout Andalusia . The exact ingredients of this paste are not currently known, but it is said to have achieved both "functionality and good taste".

And by the year 1900, baking soda (bicarbonate of soda) was developed by adding a small amount of hydrogen peroxide (oxygen water) to it, and this was the beginning of the marketing of the aforementioned paste. But it did not exceed the popularity of tooth powders known until the First World War . Previously, toothpaste was sold in small jars, and people would push the toothbrush into the jar to pick up a portion of the paste, and then use the toothbrush.

In 1892, Dr. "Washington and Bennett Sheffield" thought a better idea, he noticed that painters buy oil colors inside metal tubes, so he thought of quoting the method of putting toothpaste in a metal tube, and he actually did it, and people liked that method because of its cleanliness and ease in Usage The idea was popularized and immediately spread. And began adding fluoride to toothpastes in the fifties of the twentieth century . Fluoride is "fluorine salts" and is usually used to protect teeth from caries, the most important of which are "calcium fluoride" and "sodium fluoride".

The fluoride is localized in the enamel of the teeth, forming the compound “fluorpatite”, which is resistant to decay. It is also concentrated in the areas of primary caries, and in “bacterial plaques”, where it slowly begins to have a positive effect on the “enamel” and a negative effect on the work of acids. In addition, it acts as an anti- bacterial .  

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