10C1 - summary notes - 1-3 by Nguyễn Bích Ngọc(ADAS – THPT)

ROOM 4

thuyanh231206 — 2022-03-01 08:10:28 UTC

2.1
- Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly
made inroads into the Americas. Spurred by Christopher Columbus’s glowing reports of the riches to be
found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. They
accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples.
Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen
and glorify their own empire. As Spain’s empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the
Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature.

2.2
• Explain the changes brought by the Protestant Reformation and how it influenced the development of the Atlantic World
• Describe Spain’s response to the Protestant Reformation
- Until the 1500s, the Catholic Church provided a unifying religious structure for Christian Europe. Beginning with the reformist doctrines
of Martin Luther and John Calvin attracted many people dissatisfied with Catholicism, and Protestantism, however, Catholic dominance came under attack as the Protestant Reformation, a split or schism among European Christians.
- Although he had hoped to reform the Catholic Church while remaining a part of it, Luther’s action instead triggered a movement called the Protestant Reformation that divided the Church in two.
- Despite the efforts of the Catholic Church and Catholic nations, however, Protestantism had taken hold by 1600.
2.3
- "The Atlantic World": new destination for wealth >< England has not enough financial conditions for overseas projects
- Queen's main concern: prohibit Spain from destroying Protestantism => allow pirated mugged Spain's goods
- First attempt to colonization made but after 3 years -> become "the lost colony" (everything vanished)
- Using the purpose of disseminating Protestantism to make British bourgeoisie become extremely rich
- Some difficulties in the new colony such as: epidemics, poverty, terrible battles with the natives
- England come late in colonization race >< Spain dominated globally => England dominate small islands
- France was found in The New World (trying to expand Catholic)
- France created trading networks (rely on native hunters for foods = trade goods)
- It was only later that Dutch was recognized as an independent country -> extremely powerful development (commercial leader & Amsterdam: trade hub for Atlantic World) -> commercial powerful rival to Spain
2.4
-Colonies were created in the thoughts of European rulers to generate income for imperial powers.
-European colonizers who journeyed to the Americas carved new and frightening trails in their pursuit for riches and dominance.
-Europeans came into touch with native Americans, their worlds were turned upside down when the newcomers introduced their religions.
-In the Columbian Exchange, Europeans whatever they could change into a commodity to be purchased and sold, while Indians were exposed to diseases that nearly killed them.
-Indians, on the other hand, put a stop to European colonialism and fought the intruders at every turn.

room 2

2022-03-01 08:14:47 UTC

2.4
-Spanish granted encomiendas- legal rights to native labor

-they sought both to control native labor and to impose what they viewed as correct religious beliefs upon the land’s inhabitants.

-Indians were not the only source of cheap labor in the Americas; by the middle of the sixteenth century, Africans formed an important element of the labor landscape

-The Portuguese traded or sold slaves to Spanish, Dutch, and English colonists in the Americas, particularly in South America and the Caribbean

-Mercantilism held that only a limited amount of wealth, as measured in gold and silver bullion, existed in the world. Nations had to amass riches by extracting these valuable raw minerals from their colonial conquests in order to obtain power.

-The Europeans bought and trade items which were used by native people for ritual purposes, turning it into a commodity instead of a ritual substance.

-Europeans brought with them plants, animals, and diseases that changed lives and landscapes on both sides of the ocean.

-in the 1590s tobacco became the first truly global commodity
-chocolate was introduced by the natives then spread become a love potion

-bringing Old World animals to the Americas

-diseases brought by Europe ravaged native peoples, decimating some populations and wholly destroying others

-As the toll from disease rose, mourning wars intensified and expanded.
2.2

-The sixteenth century witnessed a new challenge to the powerful Catholic Church. The reformist doctrines
of Martin Luther and John Calvin attracted many people dissatisfied with Catholicism, and Protestantism
spread across northern Europe, spawning many subgroups with conflicting beliefs. Spain led the charge
against Protestantism, leading to decades of undeclared religious wars between Spain and England, and
religious intolerance and violence characterized much of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Despite
the efforts of the Catholic Church and Catholic nations, however, Protestantism had taken hold by 1600.

Room 6

2022-03-01 08:15:04 UTC

Summary of 2.1 +During 15,16th centuries, Portugese explorers were at the forefront of European exploration, led them to reach india, establish trading posts in China, Japan.

+After Columbus opened a floodgate, Spanish moved into Peru and Mexico. In 1530s they began exploring the southeastern and southwestern to find more treasure

+They were able to do so by combining military might with strategic partnerships with indigenous peoples. The acquisition of these new areas was supported by Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella .

+ As Spain's dominion grew and wealth from the Americas poured in, the Spanish enjoyed a golden age of art and literature.

Nhóm 5

2022-03-01 08:15:10 UTC

2.1
The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbeanand, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are ChristopherColumbus , Hernán Cortés, andFrancisco Pizarro. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of aprobanza de méritoto the Spanish king and queen and their ministerof finance, Luis de Santángel. Santángel had supported Columbus’s voyage, helping him to obtain fundingfrom Ferdinand and Isabella. Columbus’s discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold andtimid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold.
Above all else, theAztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish

room 3

as2006081 — 2022-03-01 08:15:21 UTC

2.1 :
- Despite Portugal's decision to open the Atlantic World to exploration, Spanish explorers made rapid progress in the Americas.
- Inspired by Christopher Columbus' dazzling claims of the riches to be found in the New World, swarms of Spanish conquistadors set out to explore and conquer new lands. Because of a mix of military force and strategic ties with indigenous peoples, they were able to accomplish so.
- The Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella backed the conquest of these new territories in order to enhance and glorify their own authority.
- With the expansion of Spain's dominion and the influx of wealth from the Americas, a golden age of art and literature ushered in.

2.3
- For Europeans, Atlantic World means wealth in the form of gold, silver and valuable furs.
- Queen Elizabeth's concern was blocking Spain’s effort to eliminate Protestantism.
- Elizabeth did early attempt but it then vanished
- Jamestown was found and became the first permanent colony, which then became United States
- English Puritans colonized the Americas with the aim at creating communities and reformed Protestitism
- France was a Catholic nation and committed to expanding Catholicism around the globe.
- Calvinism wanted to be independent from Catholic Spain but not recognized. Then Dutch Republic became powerful in the race for Atlantic colonies and wealth