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      <title>Unit 1 LO3 TimeLine Caitlin Lacy by </title>
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      <pubDate>2025-01-24 13:43:38 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Introduction </title>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>In this timeline I will be discussing a major event that has occurred in the last 4 decades and in the past 5 years. I will be researching and discussing The Launch of the Concorde for the 1970s which was a project to reduce journey times significantly with a "revolutionary plane". For the 1980s I will be discussing The Launch of the Internet which contributed largely to the travel and tourism industry. In the 1990s there was the Opening of the Channel Tunnel. The Channel Tunnel is an undersea railway tunnel linking Southern England and Northern France for faster travel. For the decade of the 2000s the major event I will discuss will be the Icelandic Ash Cloud which was a rapid spread of an enormous ash cloud from the eruption of the Icelandic Volcano Eyjafjallajökull. I will lastly discuss a major event that challenged the Travel and Tourism industry in the past 5 years which was the Covid-19 Pandemic, this was a global pandemic over a virus that began in China and almost destroyed the travel industry.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-01-24 13:45:22 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>1970s- The Launch of the Concorde</title>
         <author>lac23002156</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/lac23002156/7fybxv1gl59gex1y/wish/3303300155</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.cntraveler.com/story/how-the-concorde-was-supposed-to-change-travel">How the Concorde Was Supposed to Change Travel (But Didn't) | Condé Nast Traveler</a></p><p>The Concorde was an airplane created to travel at incredibly high speeds between 55,000 and 60,000 feet. The plane was said to have checked all the boxes including aesthetics, design, twice the speed of sound and luxury and they provided luxury service that was tailored to the traveler. The Concorde was the first turbojet powered supersonic airliner with a tailless body, curved leading edge wings for high-speed efficiency and structural benefits as well as a droop nose that lowered for landing and more visibility for take-off. The Concorde entered service in 1976 and shaped the industry massively as it rose to fame in no time and became the talk of the town due to how fast and luxurious it was; however, it came at a cost of $12,000 for a round trip. The Concorde was in service for 27 years, however, this ended on October 24, 2003, due to excessive running costs, high fares, and loud noise and flying restrictions that only allowed them to fly over the ocean as flying over other areas would shatter the glass of buildings in residential areas. The Concorde shaped the tourism industry when the disaster of the Concorde crash occurred in France in 2000. The crash resulted in the loss of all passengers and crew onboard and the aircraft could not recover from public relations and a decline in the travel and tourism industry, and it finally came to a halt in 2003. This positively impacted on the travel and tourism industry as the aircraft could travel at a speed of up to 1,330 miles per hour, which is twice the speed of sound and allowed a 7-hour flight from New York to London to take under 3 hours. Due to the journey time being reduced by more than half the time, passengers could arrive at their destination much faster, and the flights could arrive and depart faster. The Concordes could accommodate between 92 and 128 passengers at a time, with the flight times being double the speed, this also doubled the number of passengers flying. The more passengers travelling via the Concorde, the more income the Concorde was making and the more successful it was becoming in the industry. With the flights having such a high cost of $12,000 which equates to $66,000 today, there was a large income for the Concorde, however, this was not making them enough profit. Due to the cost of running the aircraft and them not making enough profit, future changes couldn't be made, which had a negative impact on the travel industry. The aircraft created a lot of noise pollution which reflected badly on the travel industry as well as the high fares being off putting for the customers and resulting in less people travelling on the Concorde as they did not want the pay the price, even though they were provided with luxury service. The Concorde also came with excessive costs and consumed over 6,771 gallons of fuel which exceeded the profit that the flight made. This impacted the environment negatively due to carbon emissions as well as the economy of industry as a result of the expense of the fuel and high operational and maintenance costs. Overall, the Concorde drastically reduced travel times and raked millions of pounds of sterling for British Airways that went into the travel industry which benefited the industry for the better however, the negative impacts caused a downfall in the industry and in its economy.&nbsp;</p><p><br/></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-01-24 13:46:08 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>1980s- The Launch of the Internet</title>
         <author>lac23002156</author>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>The launch of the internet had a large impact on the travel and tourism industry as it allowed access to extra information, online booking systems, social media platforms and review platforms, it can be used for marketing and advertising and other travel communities. Although the internet goes back decades and began in the 1960s as a way for the government researchers to share information, the wide world web was launched in January of 1983 by Bob Kahn and&nbsp;Vint Cerf which is now used by over 5,500 million people to the current day for many different reasons. To this day the launch of the internet has shaped the travel and tourism industry by providing a new level of personalization in travel and transformed the industry while being environmentally conscious. The internet allows the creation of websites and apps that can be used to recommend or book new destinations, activities, flights and accommodation. Without the internet, everything would have to be completed through a travel agency that would not have up to date systems to find the most suitable itinerary, the industry would be lost without the internet. The graph demonstrates how many people in millions used the internet from 2005, 22 years after it was launched, until recent statistics in 2024 and there was an increase in the number of users. In 2005 there was an average of 1,023 million people using the internet, it has continued to increase by around 4,477 million which will continue to rise. The launch of the internet positively impacted the travel and tourism industry as it makes travel much easier due to travel apps, online travel platforms, booking sites and information online that allows tourists to have everything they need in one place. The internet allows the traveller to keep their tickets on their phone without the risk of losing them if they were to have a paper copy and is essentially a travel guide in your pocket. It provides contactless check-ins, ai chatbots to help with travel advice and contactless payments. Each of these features has a positive impact on the travel industry, making travel easier for the tourists.&nbsp; Although the internet has a positive impact on the travel industry, it also has a huge negative impact on the industry. The internet creates a slight inequality in the travel and tourism industry as the older generations are not familiar with how the technology works and are less likely to have access to the internet. This could cause them to be excluded from the most recent tourist information as it is on a platform that they may struggle to access, particularly if there is a certain ticket they would like to book but can't due to the tickets being online, they will find it difficult to plan and can cause stress. The internet also has a negative impact on the travel and tourism industry as it puts people that work in the sector out of their roles. If bookings can be made online through the internet and payments&nbsp;can be given to the tour operators through the apps and websites with over 80% of holidays being booked online, travel agents are no longer a necessity, and they no longer have their job. This has a knock-on effect on other workers in the industry too such as tour guides as the commentaries are through audio rather than a tour guide&nbsp;presenting them. &nbsp;Overall, the launch of the internet has both a positive and negative impact on the travel and tourism industry as it allows access to all the travel information needed and makes travel easier however, not everybody can access the internet and makes it more stressful for the tourist. The internet has more of a positive impact, and it has shaped the industry largely due to the large audience it reaches, boosting the economy in the travel and tourism sector.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-01-24 13:46:33 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>1990s- The Opening of the Channel Tunnel </title>
         <author>lac23002156</author>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>In May of 1994 the Channel Tunnel was opened which connects Kent in Southern England to Calais in Northern France under the seabed of the English Channel and the journey takes just 35 minutes despite is being a 31-mile journey. It is the longest undersea channel in the world and nearly 10 million people use this method of transport every year due to it being much quicker than taking a ferry or plane between the two countries. There are two types of train that travel through the tunnel which is the Eurostar and LeShuttle with the Eurostar being the quickest out of two taking just 20 minutes, travelling at 100mph and LeShuttle can also transport vehicles and travels at almost 87mph which is still a very fast method of transport. Due to the speed, the Channel Tunnel has shaped the industry as it has cut travel times between the Uk and Europe dramatically from commuting six or seven hours to now being able to commute in 2 and a half hours and the tunnel has now become and essential infrastructure for the tourist and business sectors of the industry, shaping the industry.&nbsp;The Channel Tunnel had a large positive impact on the travel and tourism industry as it made journey times 2x faster, allowing over 20 million passengers to use the Channel Tunnel in 2017, carrying 2.6 million cars which results in double the number of passengers paying for the service and double the amount of income, therefore, the Channel Tunnel opening had a positive impact on the travel and tourism industry. Although there are some positive impacts of the Channel Tunnel on the industry, the Channel Tunnel created competition with ferries as people wanted to get to their destination sooner resulting in a decline in the use of ferries although this changed due to it being cheaper to travel by ferry. The construction and operation of the Channel impacts wildlife and ecosystems as well as creating a lot of noise pollution that reflects badly on the travel industry. Lastly, the Channel Tunnel is costly to operate, maintain and for people to travel on, which decreases the income to the travel economy resulting in less money for future developments of the tunnel. &nbsp;In summary, the Channel Tunnel had higher costs with higher prices for cars and trucks using the service, which resulted in a negative economic impact on the travel industry as well as disruptions of ferries, which was for the worse. However, the speed of the Channel Tunnel is a huge benefit to the travel and tourism and allows passengers to have a more comfortable and faster travel experience that will hopefully result in an increase of customers and income for future developments such as ways to reduce the noise pollution and make it more environmentally friendly.&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-01-24 13:47:05 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>2000s- Icelandic Ash Cloud </title>
         <author>lac23002156</author>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>In 2010, the eruption of Icelandic Volcano Eyjafjallajökull caused havoc for the travel and tourism industry. It created a rapid spread of a huge ash cloud that resulted in over 100,000 flight cancellations, affected around 10 million travellers and cost around £3 billion. The eruption was affected by strong winds that made the volcano released 100x more ash into the air than it should have and the disruptions lasted 6 days in April and the localized disruption continued into May with the eruptive activity continuing until June. The eruption was officially over in October after 3 months of inactivity. The event that took place shaped the travel and tourism industry as it forced the greatest airspace closure since World War 2 and disrupted travel plans of tourists and business travellers which was a big breakthrough for the industry and largely impacted tourist numbers until Iceland was able to recover from this disaster and more than 60% of tourist said they would be happy to return to Iceland for a trip and recommend it to others. The Icelandic Ash Cloud positively impacted the travel and tourism industry as there was an overall of 79,252 additional visits with an average spending of £1,750 per head and an average revenue generated of £138.7 million. Although the event did not impact the industry first hand other than the recovery, the Icelandic Ash Cloud caused land formation, soil fertility and rock formations which was a positive impact on the environment, linking to the travel industry as it allowed a better environment for tourists to visit with history embedded in the environment. Although the Icelandic Ash Cloud had a selection of positive impacts, the event also had alt of negative impacts. The ash cloud damaged homes and roads and disrupted many services. Yes, the Icelandic Ash Cloud positively impacted the soil fertility, but it destroyed many crops due to the ash blocking the sun and the ash itself became damaging to the environment. Not only did the European airspace come to a standstill, but it caused a cost of billions of euros due to the delays and sporting events were cancelled or delayed due to the flight cancellations. This also resulted in fresh food imports stopping, which could not be used to replace the crops that were lost, and the local water supplies were contaminated with ash and fluoride. As we can see, the Icelandic Ash Cloud didn't only affect the travel and tourism industry, but it also had a large negative impact on the rest of the area and its environment, while stopping visitors entering or leaving Iceland. Although the Icelandic Ash Cloud had both negative and positive impacts on the travel industry, it contributed to changing the industry for the better. Due to this experience, action was taken by the CAA to create new guidelines, and they led Europe in developing and implementing these regulations that were used in the 2011 Grimsvotn eruption, therefore this disaster changed the industry for the better. Iceland now has the most visitors they have ever had annually which largely contributes to Iceland’s GDP that can be used to further develop Iceland and the infrastructure in preparation for any future disasters.&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-01-24 13:47:44 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Past 5 Years- Covid-19 Pandemic</title>
         <author>lac23002156</author>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>Covid-19 was a global pandemic that took over in 2019 and is an ongoing issue. However, the issue no longer has as much of an effect now as it did in 2019. The disease is spread between humans' breath through the nose and the mouth or through the contamination on surfaces and some people do not experience any symptoms whereas some individuals experience a cough, high temperature, no taste or smell, lack of energy, muscle ache and other symptoms. This has become life threatening to some people that are elderly or have ongoing health conditions as well as children or people with a weak immune system. Covid-19 vaccinations were created, and people were advised on how to prevent the disease as the rapid spread of the disease was destroying the travel industry as well as corrupting the rest of the world. The covid-19 pandemic shaped the industry in a negative way as it caused the travel and tourism businesses to fall to their lowest levels and resulted in flight cancellations and a ban on travel until the disaster was over and the industry was almost at a standstill with a 49% decline in activity until the worldwide lockdown restrictions were lifted. As we can see from the graph the flight and travel cancellations resulted in a large decrease in the number of visitors visiting different destinations. For example, the graph demonstrates how many tourists travelled to the Uk, in millions, every 2 years between 2002 and 2024, showing the fall in visitor numbers in 2019 and 2020 from the impact of the event. This was the highest in 2017 with just over 40 million visitors to the UK and remained at this number until 2019. These statistics dropped by around 30 million visitors in 2020 which was when the event occurred, and this was when the travel restrictions remained in place and dropped by approximately 5 million more. Once the restrictions were lifted in 2021, statistics rose rapidly in 2022 from around 5 million visitors to the UK to around 32 million visitors. This number continued to rise and is still rising to the current day, showing how the event shaped the industry for both the better and the worse. Although the event caused many challenges for the travel industry, the pandemic also has a positive impact on the industry. It allowed businesses and travel operators to prioritize eco-friendly travel opportunities such as reducing waste and carbon footprint and it&nbsp;also led to new technology and practices for health and safety regulations such as contactless check-ins, cleaning protocols and better airflow in transport systems. These all largely benefited the travel industry as well as the surge of local tourism with travelers exploring more local destinations due to the restrictions. This helped to boost local economies and help people endure the culture of their hometowns whilst rediscovering nature, which resulted in a rise in outdoor activities and more people were able to appreciate the natural landscapes and made the industry more adaptable to future challenges. Although covid-19 had a positive impact on the travel industry, the industry was also largely affected by the event in a negative way. It created a high demand for hotels, restaurants and other hospitality venues as well as the revenue of the airline industry experiencing a 60% plunge compared to 2019. An example of this was that Thailand was ranked fourth globally as one of the countries that have experienced the biggest tourism revenue loss due to Covid-19. Not only did it cause a loss of revenue, but it also resulted in millions of job losses with airlines, hotels and other travel related businesses due to them not operating. The event also meant that there was a decline in both leisure and business travel due to the fear of the virus and ongoing restrictions. The reduction of travel leads to infrastructure investments and maintenance to be affected, resulting in long term issues with selected transport systems and many more negative impacts on the industry, economy and environment. Although the disaster destroyed the industry, it also changed the industry for the better due to more caution with following health and safety regulations, an increase in jobs available in the industry due to previous job losses alongside the increase in passenger numbers and the economy rapidly growing due to these increased numbers. Overall, the Covid-19 Pandemic had both positive and negative impacts on the travel and tourism industry and the industry is still recovering from the event however, the travel and tourism industry is also growing rapidly with an increase in the economy and more care for the environment and room for sustainable practices to be implemented with new health and safety guidelines to contribute.&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-01-24 13:48:23 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Bibliography</title>
         <author>lac23002156</author>
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         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-01-24 13:50:38 UTC</pubDate>
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