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 Lived 1897 – 1956.
 
 Irène Joliot-Curie discovered how to synthesize ‘designer’ radioactive elements in the laboratory. Such elements are now used in tens of millions of medical procedures every year. Their use has saved millions of lives.
 
 The daughter of Marie Curie, Irène followed in her mother’s footsteps, winning a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
 
 Beginnings
 
 Irène Curie was born on September 12, 1897 in France’s capital city, Paris.
 
 Her mother was Marie Curie and her father was Pierre Curie. At the time of Irène’s birth, neither parent was well-known, but that would soon change. In 1903 her parents received a share of the Nobel Prize in Physics, and in 1911 her mother was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, becoming the only scientist in history to win both prizes.
 
 Irène was a very shy child who had to compete constantly with her parents’ powerful devotion to science. She felt they did not spend enough time with her. As she grew, Irène increasingly craved her mother’s attention.
 
 Pierre’s father, Eugène Curie joined the household shortly after Irène’s birth. His wife had died shortly before this. Grandpa Eugène, a retired medical doctor, soon became the young girl’s best friend and first teacher. They were both looking for sympathetic company.
 
 In 1903 Irène began school. Marie Curiewrote:
 
 
 “My Irène is well. She is going to a little school rather far from the house. It is very difficult in Paris to find a good school for small children.”
 
 MARIE CURIE, 1867 – 1934
 
 Letter to her brother, Joseph Sklodovski, December 1903
 
  
 
 Lessons and Sadness
 In the spring of 1906, when Irène was eight years old, her father Pierre was hit by a carriage in the street and killed. Following Pierre’s death, Marie asked his father to continue living with the family, which now consisted of Grandpa Eugène, Marie, Irène; and Irène’s younger sister Eve, who had been born in 1904.
 
 Grandpa Eugène had a great influence on Irène’s intellectual development. He cherished her dearly, introducing her carefully to the sciences and also the works of his favorite author, Victor Hugo. Grandpa Eugène died in 1910, when he was 83 years old and Irène was 12.
 
 A Remarkable School
 Marie Curie stepped into Grandpa Eugène’s shoes, rising early to give her children lessons each day before going to her laboratory. She also ensured the girls were physically robust, engaging them in horse riding, hiking, swimming, skiing, and acrobatics.
 
 Speaking to her colleagues at the Sorbonne, Paris’s highly prestigious university, Marie discovered dissatisfaction with the education available to children in Paris. Marie and some of her colleagues decided to take matters into their own hands; each would use his or her expertise to educate a class made up of all of their children.
 
 Irène began to be educated by a group of eminent academics. Irène and the nine other children in her ‘class’ were taught:
 
 physics by Marie Curiechemistry by Jean Baptiste Perrin (who later won a Nobel Prize in physics)mathematics by the great physicist Paul Langevin
 
 
 

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