https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k en-us 2018-03-16 12:48:11 UTC 2025-12-16 20:23:42 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k/wish/463258955 $6045 in USD in 2011
$4776 in USD in 2016
$3834 in USD in 2018]]> 2020-03-17 14:51:12 UTC https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k/wish/463258955 https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k/wish/463260034 Iraq's life expectancy was initially high before the Gulf War - oil money built up a good healthcare system. In the year 2000, life expectancy in Iraq was 68.92. However the effects of the Gulf War decreased the health standards in Iraq. Life expectancy decreased until 2008 to 68.00 years; then started to rise again, from 2009, until the life expectancy in 2019 of 70.51 with a rise of 0.17% per year - current predictions put life expectancy at 74.42 in 2050. Child mortality has continued to decrease since 2000 and mortality rates in general have also decreased. Deaths due to TB decreased from 3.8 in 2000 to 2.3 in 2012. ]]> 2020-03-17 14:51:56 UTC https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k/wish/463260034 https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k/wish/463260543 Expected years of schooling: 11 years
Literacy rate: 50.1% (2018)
Education expenditure: $8,600,000 (2017)
Years of conflict have almost completely destroyed Iraq's education system, and now there are close to 3.2 million children out of education. Girls are severely under-represented in schools.
Years of conflict have weakened the capacity of the Iraqi government to deliver quality education services for all. Violence, damage to infrastructure and mass displacement of children and families have disrupted the provision of education services.
A severe lack of teachers have affected the dropout rate of students, as well as their performance due to a lack of contact time; many schools are now run in a system of two to three shifts a day in order to reduce class sizes, though numbers of students can still reach up to 650 per class. 
Volunteers through humanitarian agencies, such as UNICEF, have started to fill in the gaps with teaching, however the staff are not trained and are unpaid/ working on short-term contract.

]]> 2020-03-17 14:52:15 UTC https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k/wish/463260543 https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k/wish/463260901 The government shut down the internet on the evening of 2 October for five days, as well as blocking - Starting in October 2019 security forces responded to protests in Baghdad and other cities with excessive force and killing hundreds
- Other violations of freedom of assembly and expression and women's rights persisted as well as the right to water
- Over the past 2 years the Bahraini authorities escalated their attacks and restrictions on freedom of expression and freedom of association and assembly
- Anti-terrorism and cybercrime laws are also used by governments such as Jordan and UAE to criminalise free speech on the internet
- To break away from politically corrupt institutions, Arab governments must take long-term action to establish transparent and accountable institutions, prosecute wrongdoing, and allow for citizen engagement and participation
- Women in Iraqi Kurdistan have more freedom of movement 
- The government shut down the internet on the evening of 2 October for five days, as well as blocking social media sites and ]]> 2020-03-17 14:52:30 UTC https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k/wish/463260901 https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k/wish/463261279 Global Gender Gap Index: 147th out of 149
Gender Inequality Index: 0.557. Rank: 120th
Women in parliament: 26.5%
Females over 25 with a secondary education: 22.0%
Maternal mortality: 63 per 100,000
Women in labour force: 16%
IS grew out of what was originally Al-Qaeda in Iraq. IS and Al-Qaeda oppose the gender equality of women. They forced women to wear the burqa when outside, not attend schooling and generally domesticated women. During this time many women became wives to extreme IS jihadists and experienced rape and domestic violence. Furthermore, because women weren't allowed to work the fact that IS only allowed women to be seen by female doctors meant that healthcare was limited. The UN reports that nowadays Iraqi women still suffer from reduced access to healthcare, education, jobs, freedom of speech against domestic violence and inequality. On the other hand, the country is now in a phase of transition. UN Women and Oxfam have been commissioned to undertake a gender profile for Iraq to aid the post-ISIS recovery stage. Although the country still suffers against issues such as honour killings and forced marriages. Forced prostitution, abductions and killings of women are still issues that have survived the presence of IS.]]> 2020-03-17 14:52:47 UTC https://padlet.com/charlotte_dogherty/7a3ah76hcs5k/wish/463261279